| 词条 | Apple Pascal | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Apple Pascal | screenshot = Apple Pascal 1.2.jpg | caption = Apple Pascal for Apple II, version 1.2 | developer = Apple Computer | family = UCSD Pascal | version_number = Varies | source_model = Closed source | working_state = Historic | released = {{Start date and age|1979|08}} | latest_release_version = 1.3 (Apple II) 1.1 (Apple III) | latest_release_date = {{Start date and age|1984}}[1] | kernel_type = Monolithic | license = Apple Software License Agreement | website = |}}Apple Pascal is an implementation of Pascal for the Apple II and Apple III computer series. It's based on UCSD Pascal[2] Just like other UCSD Pascal implementations, it ran on its own operating system (Apple Pascal Operating System,[3] a derivative of UCSD p-System with graphical extensions). Originally released for the Apple II in August 1979, just after Apple DOS 3.2, Apple Pascal pioneered a number of features that would later be incorporated into DOS 3.3, as well as others that would not be seen again until the introduction of ProDOS. The Apple Pascal software package also included disk maintenance utilities[4], and an assembler[5] meant to complement the Apple's built-in "monitor" assembler. A FORTRAN compiler (written by Silicon Valley Software, Sunnyvale California) compiling to the same p-code as Pascal was also available.[6] Comparison of Pascal OS with DOS 3.2Apple Pascal Operating System introduced a new disk format.[7] Instead of dividing the disk into 256-byte sectors as in DOS 3.2, Apple Pascal divides it into "blocks" of 512 bytes each.[8]. The p-System also introduced a different method for saving and retrieving files. Under Apple DOS, files were saved to any available sector that the OS could find, regardless of location. Over time, this could lead to file system fragmentation, slowing access to the disk. Apple Pascal attempted to rectify this by saving only to consecutive blocks on the disk[9]. Other innovations introduced in the file system included the introduction of a timestamp feature. Previously only a file's name, basic type, and size would be shown. Disks could also be named for the first time. [10] Limitations of the p-System included new restrictions on the naming of files [11]. Writing files only on consecutive blocks also created problems, because over time free space tended to become too fragmented to store new files. A utility called Krunch was included in the package to consolidate free space[12]. The biggest problem with the Apple Pascal system was that it was too big to fit on one floppy disk. This meant that on a system with only one floppy disk drive, frequent disk swapping was needed. A system needed at least two disk drives in order to use the operating system properly. Release history
Sources{{cite book |last=Apple|date=1980 |title=Apple II Pascal Operating System Reference Manual |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430033749/http://apple2info.net/images/2/24/Apple2Pascal_Operating_System_Ref.pdf |access-date=September 12, 2018|ref=harv}}{{cite book |last=Apple|date=1981 |title=Apple III Pascal - Introduction, Filer and Editor|url=http://apple3.org/Documents/Manuals/Apple%20III%20Pascal%20-%20Introduction,%20Filer%20and%20Editor.pdf |access-date=September 12, 2018|ref=harv}} {{cite book |last=Apple|date=1983 |title=Apple III Update 1.1|url=http://apple3.org/Documents/Manuals/Apple%20III%20Pascal%201.1%20Update.PDF|access-date=September 12, 2018|ref=harv}} Notes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://apple2info.net/index.php?title%3DApple_II_Pascal |title=Archived copy |accessdate=April 23, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430033749/http://apple2info.net/index.php?title=Apple_II_Pascal |archivedate=April 30, 2015 }} 2. ^{{harvnb|Apple|1980|p=248}} 3. ^{{harvnb|Apple|1980|p=2}} 4. ^{{harvnb|Apple|1980|p=183}} 5. ^{{harvnb|Apple|1980|p=134}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url = http://mirrors.apple2.org.za/Apple%20II%20Documentation%20Project/Software/Languages/Apple%20II%20FORTRAN/Manuals/Apple%20FORTRAN%20Language%20Reference%20Manual.pdf|title = Apple Fortran Language Reference Manual|date = |access-date = |website = |publisher = }} 7. ^Apple Pascal was designed to take advantage of the then new 140K 5.25" floppy disks. 8. ^{{harvnb|Apple|1980|p=25}} 9. ^{{harvnb|Apple|1981|p=162}} 10. ^Under Apple DOS, disks can only be given a volume number. Apple Pascal disk volume names can be up to seven characters in length. See {{harvnb|Apple|1980|p=27}} 11. ^Apple DOS allowed filenames up to thirty characters long and any ASCII character could be used, Apple Pascal dropped the length to fifteen characters and allowed only letters, numbers and periods to be used. See {{harvnb|Apple|1980|p=30}} 12. ^{{harvnb|Apple|1980|p=49}} 13. ^{{harvnb|Apple|1981|p=I}} 14. ^{{harvnb|Apple|1983|p=I}}
5 : Apple II software|Apple Inc. software|Disk operating systems|Pascal programming language family|Discontinued operating systems |
||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。