| 词条 | Betacoronavirus |
| 释义 |
| image = MERS-CoV electron micrograph1.jpg | image_alt = MERS-CoV particles as seen by negative stain electron microscopy. Virions contain characteristic club-like projections emanating from the viral membrane. | image_caption = MERS-CoV particles as seen by negative stain electron microscopy. Virions contain characteristic club-like projections emanating from the viral membrane. | taxon = Betacoronavirus | authority = | synonyms = | synonyms_ref = | type_species = | subdivision_ranks = Sungenera and Species[1] | subdivision =
}} Betacoronaviruses are one of four genera of coronaviruses of the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae, of the order Nidovirales. They are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of zoonotic origin. The coronavirus genera are each composed of varying viral lineages with the betacoronavirus genus containing four such lineages. The Beta-CoVs of the greatest clinical importance concerning humans are OC43, and HKU1 of the A lineage, SARS-CoV of the B lineage, and MERS-CoV of the C lineage. MERS-CoV is the first betacoronavirus belonging to lineage C that is known to infect humans.[2][3] The alpha- and beta-coronavirus genera descend from the bat gene pool.[4][5][6] VirologySARS-CoV virus causes SARS disease, and MERS-CoV virus causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) disease. SequenceCoronaviruses have a large genome size that ranges from 26 to 32 kilobases. As of May 2013, GenBank has 46 published complete genomes of the α-(group 1), β-(group 2), γ-(group 3), and δ-(group 4) CoVs.[7] ClassificationWithin the genus Betacoronavirus (Group 2 CoV), four lineages (a, b, c, and d) are commonly recognized.
MorphologyThe viruses of lineage A differ from all others in the genus in that they have a shorter spike-like protein called hemagglutinin esterase (HE). The name Coronavirus is derived from the Latin “corona” meaning crown or halo, referring to their image under electron microscopy of crown-like spikes on their surface similar to the solar corona. This morphology is created by the viral spike (S) peplomers, which are proteins that populate the surface of the virus and determine host tropism. The order Nidovirales is named for the Latin nidus, which means nest. It refers to this order’s production of a 3' co-terminal nested set of subgenomic mRNA's during infection.[9] See also
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