词条 | Perfidious Albion |
释义 |
Perfidious Albion is a pejorative phrase used within the context of international relations diplomacy to refer to alleged acts of diplomatic sleights, duplicity, treachery and hence infidelity (with respect to perceived promises made to or alliances formed with other nation states) by monarchs or governments of the UK (or England prior to 1707) in their pursuit of self-interest. Perfidious signifies one who does not keep his faith or word (from the Latin word perfidia), while Albion is an ancient and now poetic name for Great Britain. Origins and useThe use of the adjective "perfidious" to describe England has a long history; instances have been found as far back as the 13th century.[1] A very similar phrase was used in a sermon by 17th-century French bishop and theologian Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet:[2] {{verse translation|lang=fra|'L'Angleterre, ah, la perfide Angleterre, que le rempart de ses mers rendoit inaccessible aux Romains, la foi du Sauveur y est abordée. | England, oh perfidious England, Shielded against the Romans by her ocean ramparts, Now receives the true faith.}} The coinage of the phrase in its current form, however, is conventionally attributed to Augustin Louis de Ximénès, a French playwright who wrote it in a poem entitled L'Ère des Français, published in 1793 {{verse translation|lang=fra|Attaquons dans ses eaux la perfide Albion. | Let us attack perfidious Albion in her waters.}} In this context, Great Britain's perfidy was political. In the early days of the French Revolution, when the revolution aimed at establishing a liberal constitutional monarchy along British lines, many in Great Britain had looked upon the Revolution with mild favour. However, following the turn of the revolution to republicanism with overthrow and execution of Louis XVI, Britain had allied herself with the other monarchies of Europe against the Revolution in France. This was seen by the revolutionaries in France as a "perfidious" betrayal.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} "La perfide Albion" became a stock expression in France in the 19th century, to the extent that the Goncourt brothers could refer to it as "a well-known old saying". It was utilised by French journalists whenever there were tensions between France and Britain, for example during the competition for colonies in Africa, culminating in the Fashoda incident. The catch-phrase was further popularized by its use in La Famille Fenouillard, the first French comic strip, in which one of the characters fulminates against "Perfidious Albion, which burnt Joan of Arc on the rock of Saint Helena" (carried away by his Anglophobic fury, the character mixes up Joan of Arc with Napoleon, who was exiled to the British island of Saint Helena).[3] In the German speaking area, the term "das perfide Albion" became increasingly frequent especially during the German Empire (1871–1918) against the backdrop of rising British-German tensions.[4] Examples of usage
See also
References1. ^{{cite journal |last=Schmidt |first=H. D. |title=The Idea and Slogan of 'Perfidious Albion' |journal=Journal of the History of Ideas |volume=14 |issue=4 |year=1953 |pages=604–616 |jstor=2707704}} Albion#Perfides Albion2. ^Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, "Sermon pour la fête de la Circoncision de Notre-Seigneur" in: Oeuvres complètes, Volume 5, Ed. Outhenin-Chalandre, 1840, [https://books.google.com/books?id=GPdJAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA264 p.264] 3. ^Jean-Michel Hoerner, "La Famille Fenouillard: une œuvre prémonitoire ?", Hérodote, 2007/4 (nr. 127) {{ISBN|9782707153555}} DOI 10.3917/her.127.0190 4. ^{{cite web |title=Das perfide Albion |url=http://www.archelaus-cards.com/retail/archives/20090830.php |first=Alfred |last=Geiser |publisher=via Archelaus}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Carruthers |first1=Gerard |last2=Kidd |first2=Colin |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2g5EDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA61&pg=PA99#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Literature and Union: Scottish Texts, British Contexts |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2018 |page=99 |accessdate=29 August 2018|via=Google Books}} 6. ^{{cite book |last=Schwoerer |first1=Lois G. |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FGmoPw2ZpXwC|title=The Revolution of 1688-89: Changing Perspectives |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1992 |page=236 |accessdate=29 August 2018|via=Google Books }} 7. ^{{cite book |last=Saramago |first1=José |authorlink=José Saramago |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Nvoffuz52oQC |title=The Revolution of 1688-89: Changing The Collected Novels of José Saramago |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=2010 |page=122 |accessdate=29 August 2018|via=Google Books}} 8. ^{{cite book |last=Bastiat |first1=Frédéric |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oDya0ULoe-gC&lpg=PP1&pg=RA1-PA228#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Bastiat Collection |publisher=Institute |year=2007 |page=228 |accessdate=29 August 2018|via=Google Books }} 9. ^{{cite book |last=White |first1=Luise |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=W0KNBgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1|title=Unpopular Sovereignty: Rhodesian Independence and African Decolonization |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2015 |page=101 |accessdate=29 August 2018|via=Google Books }} 10. ^{{cite news|last=Hitchens|first=Christopher|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/005/641kyjkk.asp?page=3|title=Unmitigated Galloway|work=Weekly Standard|date=30 May 2005|pages=1–3}} This essay is reprinted in {{cite book|editor1-last=Cottee|editor1-first=Simon |editor1-link=Simon Cottee|editor2-last=Cushman|editor2-first=Thomas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lctUC8fiaNsC&pg=PT198|title=Christopher Hitchens and His Critics: Terror, Iraq, and the Left|location=New York & London|publisher=New York University Press|year=2008|pages=140-50, 144-46, 149}} The text of Galloway's book differs in reprints. 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V39hgN_LyrI&t=9m25s |title=Fabian Picardo (Chief Minister of Gibraltar) discusses politics in Spain and Gibraltar|publisher=YouTube}} 12. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-1.608054|title='Perfidious America': Behind Netanyahu's hostility to Kerry |last=Gorenberg |first=Gershom |date=31 July 2014 |newspaper=Haaretz |accessdate=4 August 2014}} 13. ^{{cite book|title=Mussolini e il fascismo |author=Palla, M. |date=1993 |publisher=Giunti |isbn=9788809202726 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N80yFWA3LrQC |page=112 |accessdate=15 October 2014|via=Google Books}} 14. ^{{cite book|title=Benito Mussolini privato e pubblico |author1=Borelli, Gian Franco |author2=Luchinat, Vittorio |date=2012 |publisher=INDEX |isbn=9788897982067 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31LrByRam0EC |accessdate=15 October 2014|via=Google Books}} 15. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19260531&id=RsETAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7dcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6246,6116345 |newspaper=The Age |title=Italy's place in the sun |date=31 May 1926 |page=11 |accessdate=15 October 2014|via=Google News}} 16. ^H. James Burgwyn [https://www.scribd.com/doc/231924487/Italian-Foreign-Policy-in-the-Interwar-Period-1918-1940#scribd "ITALIAN FOREIGN POLICY IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD 1918–1940"] Praeger Studies of Foreign Policies of the Great Powers; BJC McKercher and Keith Neilson, Series Editors; Accessed at scribd.com 28 September 2017 17. ^{{cite news |last1=Samuel |first1=Henry |title=French more keen on Brexit than British, says major poll |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/01/french-more-keen-on-brexit-than-british-says-major-poll/|accessdate=10 June 2016 |work=The Telegraph |date=1 April 2016}} 18. ^{{cite news |last1=Barber |first1=Lionel |title=Could Brexit be a good thing for Europe? |url=https://next.ft.com/content/918d5c56-031b-11e6-99cb-83242733f755 |accessdate=10 June 2016 |work=Financial Times |date=16 April 2016}} 19. ^{{cite news |last1=Erlanger |first1=Steven |title=Britain Votes to Leave E.U.; Cameron Plans to Step Down |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/25/world/europe/britain-brexit-european-union-referendum.html|accessdate=1 August 2016 |work=New York Times |date=23 June 2016 |ref=EU Exit}} 5 : Anti-British sentiment|British Empire|France–United Kingdom relations|Phrases|Second Hundred Years' War |
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