| 词条 | Archibald Menzies |
| 释义 |
Archibald Menzies ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɪ|ŋ|ɪ|s}} {{respell|MING|iss}}; 15 March 1754 – 15 February 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, botanist and naturalist. He spent many years at sea, serving with the Royal Navy, private merchants, and the Vancouver Expedition. He was the first recorded European to reach the summit of the Hawaiian volcano Mauna Loa and introduced the Monkey Puzzle tree to England. Life and careerMenzies was born at Easter Stix (or Styx) in the parish of Weem, in Perthshire, Scotland.[1] While working with his elder brother William at the Royal Botanic Gardens, he drew the attention of Dr John Hope, professor of botany at Edinburgh University, who encouraged him to study medicine there. Having qualified as a surgeon, Menzies served as assistant to a doctor in Caernarvon, Wales, then joined the Royal Navy as assistant surgeon on {{HMS|Nonsuch|1774|6}}.[2] Present at Battle of the Saintes (12 April 1782), in peacetime Menzies served on Halifax Station in Nova Scotia.[3] In 1786 Menzies was appointed surgeon on board the Prince of Wales (Captain James Colnett), on a fur-trading voyage round Cape Horn to the northern Pacific.[3] This ship, in company of Princess Royal (Captain Duncan), visited North America, China and Hawaii (the Sandwich Isles) several times; Menzies collected a number of new plants on this voyage, and also ensured that none of the crew died of illness.[4] Menzies returned to Great Britain in 1789. He was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society in 1790.[3] In 1790, Menzies was appointed as naturalist to accompany Captain George Vancouver on his voyage around the world on HMS Discovery. When the surgeon fell ill, Menzies took over his duties.[5][6] In 1794, while Discovery spent one of three winters in Hawaii, Menzies, with Lieutenant Joseph Baker and two other men, made the first recorded ascent to Mokuaweoweo, the summit of Mauna Loa. Menzies used a portable barometer to measure the height of the mountain as {{convert|13564|ft}} compared to its currently known height of {{convert|13679|ft}}.[7] It would be forty years before another European, fellow Scotsman David Douglas, would reach the summit on 29 January 1834.[5] In 1795, Menzies was served the seeds of the Chile Pine, Araucaria araucana, as a dessert while dining with the Viceroy of Chile. He was able to pop some seeds into his pocket and grow them on board ship on the way back to Europe, and returned to England with five healthy plants, the first seen in Britain.[8] Known as the Monkey Puzzle tree, the Chile Pine became a favourite in most formal gardens of the nineteenth century. After the voyage, Menzies served with the Navy in the West Indies. He received the degree of M.D. at the University of Aberdeen in 1799. After retiring from the Navy he became a doctor and surgeon at Notting Hill, London.[3] He became the father of the Linnean Society upon the death of Aylmer Bourke Lambert.[9] Menzies's wife died in 1837. They had no children. Menzies himself died in London on 15 February 1842 and is buried in Kensal Green cemetery.[9] LegacyMenzies' name is commemorated in the scientific names of several of the plants he discovered, including Menziesia, a genus of shrubs in the Ericaceae, and the Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii, the most commercially important tree in western North America.[10] The Pacific madrone, an evergreen tree and largest of the Ericaceae, was named Arbutus menziesii in his honour by Friedrich Pursh. Also named for Menzies, in a corrupted form as adapted by the Nuxalk people of the Bella Coola area of the Central Coast of British Columbia, is "Bensins Island", as recorded by Alexander Mackenzie during his visit there shortly after Vancouver's ship visited the area.[11] The Ainapo Trail he used to climb Mauna Loa is also known as "Menzies Trail".[12] One of the principal streets surrounding the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in Victoria, British Columbia is named Menzies street. Many of the specimens collected by Menzies are planted in London's Kew Gardens. He also brought back to London 112 separate collections of artefacts, which are housed at the British Museum. A comprehensive catalogue of these collections was not published until 1951.[13] {{botanist|Menzies|Menzies, Archibald|border=0}}See also
References1. ^Birth (or Baptism) Record held in the General Registers of Scotland, 1754 Births in the Parish of Weem in the County of Perth, Reference 398/0010 0104 2. ^{{cite book|title=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZlaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA139|accessdate=14 March 2018|year=1849|author=Linnean Society of London|pages=139–140}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=3557 |title=MENZIES, ARCHIBALD | first=William T. |last=Stearn |work=Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online |publisher=University of Toronto | year=1988 | accessdate=2018-03-14}} 4. ^{{cite book |last= Galois |first= Robert |title= Voyage to the Northwest Side of America: The Journals of James Colnett, 1786-89 |year= 2004 |publisher= University of British Columbia (UBC) Press |isbn= 978-0-7748-0855-2 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WX9HiIsiMZgC |page=10}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=11zisSCCOKEC|title=Hawaii Nei 128 Years Ago:Journal of Archibald Menzies, kept during his three visits to the Sandwich or Hawaiian Islands in the years 1792-1794|author=Archibald Menzies|editor=William Frederick Wilson|year=1920|accessdate=12 January 2008|publisher=s.n. }} 6. ^{{cite book |author=Naish, John|title=The Interwoven Lives of George Vancouver, Archibald Menzies, Joseph Whidbey and Peter Puget: The Vancouver Voyage of 1791–1795|publisher=The Edward Mellen Press, Ltd.|year=1996|isbn=0-7734-8857-X}} 7. ^{{cite journal|url=http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10524/599/JL25059.pdf?sequence=2|title=Earliest Ascents of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai'i |publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society, Honolulu |author=Walther M. Barnard |hdl= 10524/599 |journal=Hawaiian Journal of History|volume=25 |year=1991}} 8. ^{{cite web| url= http://apps.kew.org/trees/?page_id=136|title = Monkey Puzzle Araucaria araucana |author= |publisher = Kew Gardens|accessdate=13 December 2008 }} 9. ^1 {{cite DNB | first=George Simonds |last=Boulger | wstitle=Menzies, Archibald (DNB00) | volume=37}} 10. ^C. Michael Hogan (2008) Douglas-fir: Pseudotsuga menziesii, globalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Strõmberg {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604021155/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=44736 |date=4 June 2009 }} 11. ^{{Cite bcgnis|4194|Bensins Island}} 12. ^{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Ainapo Trail|url={{NRHP url|id=74000290}} |format=pdf|date=18 July 1973 |author=Russell A. Apple |publisher=National Park Service}} 13. ^{{cite book | last = Quanchi | first = Max|authorlink=| year = 2005 | title = Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands | publisher = The Scarecrow Press | location = |page=182| isbn = 0810853957}} Further reading
External links{{wikisource author}}
15 : 1754 births|1842 deaths|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh|Botanists active in the Pacific|Botanists active in North America|Botanists with author abbreviations|Bryologists|People from Perth and Kinross|British pteridologists|Royal Navy officers|Scottish botanists|Scottish explorers|Scottish sailors|Scottish surgeons|Scottish naturalists |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。