请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Arirang
释义

  1. History

      Origin    First recording    Resistance anthem    Popularity in Japan  

  2. Musical score

  3. Lyrics

  4. Variations

  5. Official status

      UNESCO    South Korea    U.S. Army  

  6. In popular culture

      Music    Films    Media    Sports    Video games  

  7. See also

  8. References

{{About|the Korean traditional song}}{{Infobox intangible heritage
| Image =
| Caption = Song So-hee performing "Arirang"
| ICH = Arirang, lyrical folk song in the Republic of Korea
| State Party = Republic of Korea
| Type =
| Criteria =
| ID = 445
| Region = APA
| Year = 2012
| Session = 7th
| Danger =
| Link = http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/lists?RL=00445
| Below =
| Note =
}}{{Infobox intangible heritage
| Image =
| Caption = A man about to depart on a journey through a mountain pass is seen off by a woman in a scene from the Arirang Festival in North Korea.
| ICH = Arirang folk song in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| State Party = Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| Type =
| Criteria =
| ID = 914
| Region = APA
| Year = 2014
| Session = 9th
| Danger =
| Link = http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/lists?RL=00914
| Below =
| Note =
}}{{Infobox Korean name
| title = Korean name
| hangul = {{lang|ko|아리랑}}
| hanja =
| rr = arirang
| mr = arirang
| koreanipa = {{IPA-ko|a.ɾi.ɾaŋ|}}
}}

"Arirang" ({{lang|ko|아리랑}}; {{IPA-ko|a.ɾi.ɾaŋ|}}) is a Korean folk song that is often considered the unofficial national anthem of Korea.[1] There are about 3,600 variations of 60 different versions of the song, all of which include a refrain similar to, "Arirang, arirang, arariyo ({{Lang|ko|아리랑, 아리랑, 아라리요}})"[2] It is estimated the song is more than 600 years old.[2]

"Arirang" is included twice on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list. South Korea successfully submitted the song for inclusion on the UNESCO list in 2012.[2][3] North Korea also successfully submitted the song for inclusion in 2014.[1][4] In 2015, the South Korean Cultural Heritage Administration added the song to its list of important intangible cultural assets.[5]

History

{{Expand section|date=December 2017}}{{copyedit section|date=December 2018}}

Origin

It is believed that "Arirang" originated in Jeongseon, Gangwon Province. According to a legend, the name is derived from the story of a bachelor and a maiden who fell in love while picking camellia blossoms near the wharf at Auraji ({{Lang|ko|아우라지}}). There are two versions of this story. In the first one, the bachelor cannot cross the Auraji to meet the maiden because the water is too high so they sing a song to express their sorrow. In the second version, the bachelor attempts to cross the Auraji and drowns, singing the sorrowful song after he dies.[6]

Other theories on the origin of the name "Arirang" point to Lady Aryeong, wife of the first king of Silla; "arin," the Jurchen word for "hometown"; and a Chinese song named "Airang."[7]

According to {{nowrap|prof. Keith Howard}}, "Arirang" originated in the mountainous regions of Jeongseon and the first mention of the song was found in a 1756 manuscript.[8]

First recording

The first known recording of "Arirang" was made in 1896 by American ethnologist Alice C. Fletcher. Fletcher recorded three Korean students singing a song she called "Love Song: Ar-ra-rang" in her home in Washington, D.C.[9][10] One source suggests that the students belonged to noble Korean families and were studying abroad at Howard University during the period the recording was made.[11] The recordings are currently housed in the U.S. Library of Congress.[12]

Resistance anthem

During the Japanese occupation of Korea from 1910 to 1945, "Arirang" became a resistance anthem against Imperial Japanese rule.[13][14] Korean protesters sang "Arirang" during the March 1 Movement, a Korean demonstration against Japan in 1919. Many of the variations of "Arirang" that were written during the occupation contain themes of injustice, the plight of laborers, and guerrilla warfare.[13]

The most well-known lyrics to "Arirang" first appeared in the 1926 silent film Arirang, directed by Na Woon-gyu. Arirang is now considered a lost film, but various accounts say the film was about a Korean student who became mentally ill after being imprisoned and tortured by the Japanese. The film was a hit upon its release and is considered the first Korean nationalist film.[15][13][16]

Popularity in Japan

During the Japanese occupation of Korea, Japan experienced a craze for Korean culture and for "Arirang" in particular. Over 50 Japanese versions of "Arirang" were released between 1931 and 1943, in genres including pop, jazz, and mambo.[13]

Musical score

\\relative c' { \\key f \\major \\time 9/8 \\tempo "Lento" 4 = 140 \\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin"

c4. ~ c4 d8 c4 ( d8 ) | f4. ~ f4 g8 f4 ( g8 ) | a4. g8 a g f4 ( d8 ) | c4. ~ ( c4 d8 c d ) r8 |\\break

f4. ~ f4 g8 f4 ( g8 ) | a4 ( g8 ) f4 ( d8 ) c4 ( d8 ) | f4. ~ f4 g8 f4.| f4. ~ f4. r4. |\\break

c'4. ~ c c | c4. a4. g4. | a4. g4 a8 f4 ( d8 ) | c4. ~ ( c4 d8 c d ) r8 |\\break

f4. ~ f4 g8 f4 ( g8 ) | a4 ( g8 ) f4 ( d8 ) c4 ( d8 ) | f4. ~ f4 g8 f4.| f4. ~ f4. r4. \\bar "|."}

\\addlyrics {

아 리 랑 아 리 랑 아 라 - - 리 요

아 리 랑 고 개 로 넘 어 간 다

나 를 버 리 고 가 시 는 임 은

십 리 도 못 가 서 발 병 난 다}

\\addlyrics {

아 리 랑 아 리 랑 아 라 - - 리 요

아 리 랑 고 개 로 넘 어 간 다

청 천 하 늘 엔 별 도 - 많 고

우 리 네 가 슴 엔 꿈 도 많 다}

\\addlyrics {

아 리 랑 아 리 랑 아 라 - - 리 요

아 리 랑 고 개 로 넘 어 간 다

저 기 저 산 이 백 두 산 이라 지

동 지 섣 달 에 도 꽃 만 핀 다}

Lyrics

All versions of "Arirang" include a refrain similar to, "Arirang, arirang, arariyo ({{Lang|ko|아리랑, 아리랑, 아라리요}})."[3] The word "arirang" itself is nonsensical and does not have a precise meaning in Korean.[17] While the other lyrics vary from version to version, the themes of sorrow, separation, reunion, and love appear in most versions.[4][18]

The table below includes the lyrics of "Standard Arirang" from Seoul. The first two lines are the refrain. The refrain is followed by three verses.

Korean

Romanization

English translation[18][19]

아리랑, 아리랑, 아라리요...

아리랑 고개로 넘어간다

Arirang, Arirang, Arariyo...

Arirang gogaero neomeoganda

Arirang, Arirang, Arariyo...

You are going over Arirang hill

나를 버리고 가시는 님은

십리도 못가서 발병난다.

Nareul beorigo gashineun nimeun

Shimrido motgaseo balbyeongnanda.

My love, you are leaving me

Your feet will be sore before you go ten li.

청천하늘엔 잔별도 많고

우리네 가슴엔 희망도 많다.

Cheongcheonhaneuren janbyeoldo manko

Uri ne gaseumen huimangdo manta.

Just as there are many stars in the clear sky,

There are also many dreams in our heart.

저기 저 산이 백두산이라지

동지 섣달에도 꽃만 핀다.

Jeogi jeo sani Baekdusaniraji

Dongji seotdaredo kkotman pinda.

There, over there, that mountain is Baekdu Mountain,

Where, even in the middle of winter days, flowers bloom.

Variations

There are an estimated 3,600 variations of 60 different versions of "Arirang."[3] Titles of different versions of "Arirang" are usually prefixed by their place of origin.[7]

While "Jeongseon Arirang" is generally considered to be the original version of the song, "Bonjo Arirang" (literally: Standard Arirang) from Seoul is one of the most famous versions. This version was first made popular when it was used as the theme song of the influential 1926 film Arirang.[7]

Other famous variations include "Jindo Arirang" from South Jeolla Province, a region known for being the birthplace of Korean folk music genres pansori and sinawi; and "Miryang Arirang" from South Gyeongsang Province.[20][21]

Official status

UNESCO

Both South Korea and North Korea submitted "Arirang" to be included on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list. South Korea successfully submitted the song for inclusion in 2012.[2][3] North Korea successfully submitted the song for inclusion in 2014.[1][4]

South Korea

In 2015, the South Korean Cultural Heritage Administration added the "Arirang" to its list of important intangible cultural assets.[5]

U.S. Army

The U.S. Army's 7th Infantry Division adopted "Arirang" as its official march song in May 1956, after receiving permission from Syngman Rhee, the first president of South Korea. The division had been stationed in Korea from 1950 to 1953, during the Korean War.[22]

In popular culture

{{In popular culture|section|date=October 2018}}

Music

  • American composer John Barnes Chance based his 1962-63 concert band composition Variations on a Korean Folk Song on a version of "Arirang" that he heard in Korea in the late 1950s.[23]
  • The tune of "Arirang" is used for the 1986 Christian hymn, "Christ, You Are the Fullness."[24]
  • The New York Philharmonic performed "Arirang" for an encore during its trip to North Korea on February 26, 2008.[25]
  • In November 2013, the student choir at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies performed "Arirang" in English, Chinese, Japanese, French, Italian, Spanish, German, Russian, Arabic and Korean.[26]
  • K-pop group BTS performed an "Arirang" medley at KCON France in June 2016.[27]
  • An October 2016 episode of South Korean TV music competition show Singing the Legend was an "Arirang" special, featuring famous musicians performing different variations of the song.[28]
  • On June 12, 2018, a Slovenian avant-garde music group Laibach marked the historic summit in Singapore between President Donald Trump and the leader of North Korea, Kim Jong-un, by sharing a track dedicated to the Korean reunification process.[29]

Films

  • Arirang is the title of early Korean filmmaker Na Woon-gyu's influential 1926 film, which popularized the song "Arirang" in the 20th century.[7]
  • Arirang is also the title of a 2011 South Korean documentary. The film won the top prize in the Un Certain Regard category at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.[30]

Media

  • Arirang TV and Arirang Radio are international English-language media stations run by the Korea International Broadcasting Foundation.[31][32]

Sports

  • North Korea's mass gymnastics and performance festival is commonly known as the Arirang Festival.[33]
  • At the 2000 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in Sydney, Australia, South Korean and North Korean athletes marched into the stadium together carrying the Korean Unification Flag while "Arirang" played.[34]
  • South Korean fans used "Arirang" as a cheering song during the 2002 FIFA World Cup.[7]
  • South Korean figure skater Yuna Kim performed to "Arirang" during her free skate in the 2011 World Figure Skating Championships, where she placed second.[35]
  • Parts of "Arirang" were used many times during the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympics, especially during the Opening Ceremony[36] and in the Olympic Broadcasting Services TV Intro. During the gala show of figure skating, Choi Da-bin skated to Arirang.
  • At the 2018 Asian Games "Arirang" was played as the Korea Unification Team wins gold medal on canoeing[37]

Video games

  • Heroes of the Storm opening of D.Va's music has elements of "Arirang."[38]

See also

{{Portal|Korea|Music}}
  • Arirang Festival

References

1. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/culturesports/2014/11/27/39/0701000000AEN20141127000300315F.html|title=N. Korea's Arirang wins UNESCO intangible heritage status|last=|first=|date=2014-11-27|website=Yonhap News Agency|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-05}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2013/03/317_126329.html|title='Arirang' makes it to UNESCO heritage|last=Chung|first=Ah-young|date=2012-12-12|newspaper=The Korea Times|accessdate=2017-12-05|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00445|title=Arirang, lyrical folk song in the Republic of Korea|last=|first=|date=|work=Intangible Cultural Heritage|publisher=UNESCO|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=2017-12-05}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00914|title=Arirang folk song in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|last=|first=|date=|website=Intangible Cultural Heritage|publisher=UNESCO|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=2017-12-05}}
5. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/07/15/2015071501147.html|title='Arirang' Listed as National Intangible Asset|last=|first=|date=2015-07-15|work=The Chosun Ilbo|access-date=2017-12-05|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}}
6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsR3BgAAQBAJ|title=Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Literature|last=The National Folk Museum of Korea|publisher=길잡이미디어|year=2014|isbn=978-8928900848|volume=Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture Vol. III|location=|pages=95–96}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2013/08/135_126317.html|title=From lyrical folk song to cheering song: variations of 'Arirang' in Korean history|last=|first=|date=2012-12-06|work=The Korea Times|access-date=2017-12-06|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|agency=Yonhap News Agency|language=en}}
8. ^{{cite book|author=Keith Howard|title=Perspectives on Korean Music: Preserving Korean Music: Intangible Cultural Properties as Icons of Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LgskDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT108|date=15 May 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-91168-9|volume=I}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170927000618|title=Oldest recorded Arirang to be on display in Seoul|last=Yoon|first=Min-sik|date=2017-09-27|work=The Korea Herald|access-date=2017-12-07|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/culturesports/2012/05/04/25/0701000000AEN20120504002500315F.HTML|title=Arirang under renewed light ahead of UNESCO application|last=Kim|first=Hyeh-won|date=2012-05-11|website=Yonhap News Agency|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-07}}
11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.ikorea.ac.kr/File/intro/Fletcherpreliminaryarticle.pdf|title=Alice Fletcher's Notes on the Earliest Recordings of Korean Music|last=Provine|first=Robert C.|date=|work=The Academy of Korean Studies|access-date=2017-12-07|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://lccn.loc.gov/2015655305|title=Alice C Fletcher collection of Korean cylinder recordings|last=|first=|date=|website=Library of Congress|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-07}}
13. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal|last=Atkins|first=E. Taylor|date=August 2007|title=The Dual Career of "Arirang": The Korean Resistance Anthem That Became a Japanese Pop Hit|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|volume=66|issue=3|pages=645–687|lay-url=|jstor=20203201|doi=10.1017/s0021911807000927}}
14. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WhZRCgAAQBAJ&dq|title=Traditional Music: Sounds in Harmony with Nature|last=Koehler|first=Robert|publisher=Seoul Selection|year=2015|isbn=978-1624120428|series=Volume 8 of Korea Essentials|location=|pages=}}
15. ^{{Cite book|title=Film Out of Bounds: Essays and Interviews on Non-Mainstream Cinema Worldwide|last=Edwards|first=Matthew|publisher=McFarland|year=2014|isbn=978-1476607801|location=|pages=198}}
16. ^{{Cite book|title=Divine Work, Japanese Colonial Cinema and its Legacy|last=Taylor-Jones|first=Kate|publisher=Bloomsbury USA|year=2017|isbn=978-1501306136|location=|pages=}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sejongculturalsociety.org/composition/current/music/arirang.php|title=Arirang (아리랑)|last=|first=|date=2015|website=Sejong Cultural Society|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-06}}
18. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQkyBgAAQBAJ|title=Two Lenses on the Korean Ethos: Key Cultural Concepts and Their Appearance in Cinema|last=Kim Yoon|first=Keumsil|last2=Williams|first2=Bruce|publisher=McFarland|year=2015|isbn=978-0786496822|location=|pages=39}}
19. ^{{Cite journal|last=Damodaran|first=Ramu|date=Winter 2017|title=UNAI Impacts Scholarship, Research for Greater Good|url=|journal=SangSaeng|publisher=APCEIU|volume=49|pages=23|via=}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sejongculturalsociety.org/composition/current/music/jindo.php|title=Jindo Arirang|last=|first=|date=2015|website=Sejong Cultural Society|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-06}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sejongculturalsociety.org/composition/current/music/milyang.php|title=Milyang Arirang|last=|first=|date=2015|website=Sejong Cultural Society|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-06}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.7ida.us/history.asp|title=Chronological History 7th Infantry Division|last=|first=|date=2012-05-25|website=7th Infantry Division Association|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-07}}
23. ^{{Cite book|title=Teaching Music Through Performing in Band Volume 1|last=Blocher, Cramer, Migliaro Corporon, Lautzenheiser, Lisk, Miles|publisher=GIA Publications, Inc.|year=2010|isbn=|location=Chicago|pages=590–598}}
24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hymnary.org/text/christ_you_are_the_fullness|title=Christ, You Are the Fullness|last=|first=|date=|website=Hymnary|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-07}}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/27/world/asia/27symphony.html|title=North Koreans Welcome Symphonic Diplomacy|last=Wakin|first=Daniel J.|date=2008-02-27|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-07|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
26. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20131119001011|title=HUFS to hold concert featuring ‘Arirang’ in 10 languages|last=Lee|first=Claire|date=2013-11-19|work=The Korea Herald|access-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}}
27. ^{{Citation|last=Mnet K-POP|title=[KCON 2016 France×M COUNTDOWN] Opening Performance _ Arirang Medley(아리랑 연곡) M COUNTDOWN 160614 EP.47|date=2016-06-14|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwc5zTayVJw|accessdate=2017-12-08}}
28. ^{{Citation|last=KBS World TV|title=Immortal Songs 2 {{!}} 불후의 명곡 2: "Arirang" special [ENG/2016.10.29]|date=2016-10-29|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXVwekhWne0|accessdate=2017-12-08}}
29. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_PCdJ3Dn9E|title=Laibach - Arirang (Official Audio)|last=YouTube|date=2018-06-12|work=Mute Records|access-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}}
30. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/jun/07/arirang-review|title=Arirang – review|last=Bradshaw|first=Peter|date=2012-06-07|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-12-08|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}
31. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2011/04/113_86027.html|title=Arirang TV begins DTV service in metropolitan Washington, D.C., area|last=|first=|date=2011-04-28|work=The Korea Times|access-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|agency=Yonhap News Agency|language=en}}
32. ^{{Cite news|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/01/11/2012011101582.html|title=Arirang Radio to Go On Air in U.S.|last=|first=|date=2012-01-11|work=The Chosun Ilbo|access-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}}
33. ^{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2013/07/pyongyangs-arirang-festival-eye-candy-for-the-masses/|title=Pyongyang’s Arirang Festival: Eye Candy for the Masses|last=DeHart|first=Jonathan|date=2013-07-29|work=The Diplomat|access-date=2017-12-07|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US}}
34. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2000/09/16/olympics/two-koreas-make-history-during-opening-ceremony/|title=Two Koreas make history during opening ceremony|last=Ito|first=Makoto|date=2000-09-16|work=The Japan Times Online|access-date=2017-12-08|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763}}
35. ^{{Cite web|url=http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/sports_globetrotting/2011/04/kim-ando-flatt-czisny-world-figure-skating.html|title=Botched jumps cost Kim world title, Czisny the bronze|last=Hersh|first=Philip|date=2011-04-30|website=Chicago Tribune|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-07}}
36. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sportv.globo.com/olimpiadas-de-inverno/videos/v/do-passado-ao-futuro-cerimonia-de-abertura-de-pyeongchang-projeta-futuro-de-criancas/6488926/|title=Do passado ao futuro cerimonia de abertura de pyeongchang projeta futuro de crianças (In Portuguese)|date=2018-02-09|website=Sport TV|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2018-02-09}}
37. ^{{Cite news|url=https://en.as.com/en/2018/08/27/other_sports/1535394107_366201.html|title=Unified Korea dragon boat team win historic gold at Asian Games|last=AS|first=Diario|date=2018-08-27|work=AS.com|access-date=2018-08-29|language=en}}
38. ^{{Citation|last=Warcraft Music and Gaming|title=D.Va Music (Dva Music) - Heroes of the Storm Music|date=2017-05-08|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrQGi-WeNr8|accessdate=2018-01-22}}
{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music}}

{{UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity/APA}}

6 : Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity|Korean traditional music|Korean-language songs|National symbols of Korea|South Korean folk songs|South Korea national football team songs
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/20 5:06:59