| 词条 | Disconnected youth | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Emphasis is placed upon this group because the years between the late teens and the mid-twenties are believed to be a critical period during which young people form adult identities and move toward independence. The effects of youth disconnection—limited education, social exclusion, lack of work experience, and fewer opportunities to develop mentors and valuable work connections—can have long-term consequences that snowball across the life course, eventually influencing everything from earnings and self-sufficiency to physical and mental health and marital prospects. Much discussion has been focused on how to reach these young people and connect them with broader social institutions in order to prevent these negative consequences. Analysis has also examined the economic impact of youth disconnection. According to the Measure of America report, the average disconnected youth costs $37,450 a year in government services. DefinitionThe term has gained increased usage in recent years among policy advocates and social science researchers, particularly after the Great Recession. After a decade of relatively stable rates, the rolls of the disconnected surged by over 800,000 young people between 2007 and 2010.[3] The latest data indicates that the rate of youth disconnection has fallen to 12.3 percent, a significant drop from the 2010 post-recession high of 14.7 percent, or 5.8 million young people.[1] A 2012 study by the Annie E. Casey Foundation found that "the data show that the populations struggling the most to enter the workforce and stay in school today are youth who are less educated, come from low-income families and belong to a racial or ethnic minority."[4] The United States Department of Education defines disconnected youth as those aged 14 to 24 years old, but relies on calculations done for the 16-24 group by Measure of America.[5] Some researchers have narrowed the definition of youth disconnection to exclude those above an income and education threshold,[6] and those parenting with a connected spouse.[7][8] The two surveys commonly used to calculate youth disconnection are the American Community Survey (ACS) and the Current Population Survey (CPS). Each survey has its advantages; the ACS surveys people in "group quarters" and has a larger sample size, which allows demographic and geographic disaggregation of data, while the CPS is an older survey, including data from 1940 on.[8] Youth disconnection in 25 largest US metro areasBelow is a list of United States metropolitan areas sorted by their rates of disconnected youth, as well as youth disconnection rates by race and ethnicity in metro areas where the population of that racial or ethnic group is sufficiently large for robust estimates.[9]
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://ssrc-static.s3.amazonaws.com/moa/Promising%20Gains%20Final.pdf|title=Promising Gains, Persistent Gaps: Youth Disconnection in America|last=Lewis and Burd-Sharps|first=Kristen and Sarah|date=March 8, 2017|website=|publisher=Measure of America, Social Science Research Council|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|accessdate=30 May 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.corpsnetwork.org/advocacy/opportunity-youth|title=Opportunity Youth - The Corps Network|website=www.corpsnetwork.org}} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Lewis and Burd-Sharps|first=Kristen and Sarah|title=One in Seven: Ranking Youth Disconnection in the 25 Largest Metro Areas|url=http://www.measureofamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/MOA-One_in_Seven09-14.pdf|publisher=Measure of America, Social Science Research Council|accessdate=14 February 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Youth and Work: Restoring Teen and Young Adult Connections to Opportunity|url=http://www.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/AECF-YouthAndWork-2012-Full.pdf|publisher=The Annie E Casey Foundation|accessdate=4 June 2014}} 5. ^https://www.ed.gov/blog/2014/03/performance-partnership-pilots-an-opportunity-to-improve-outcomes-for-disconnected-youth/ 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/employment-and-disconnection-among-teens-and-young-adults-the-role-of-place-race-and-education/|title=Employment and disconnection among teens and young adults: The role of place, race, and education|last=Ross|first=Martha|last2=Svajlenka|first2=Nicole Prchal|date=24 May 2016|website=|publisher=The Brookings Institution|access-date=6 October 2016}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40535.pdf|title=Disconnected Youth: A Look at 16 to 24 Year Olds Who Are Not Working or In School|last=Fernandes-Alcantara|first=Adrienne L.|date=1 October 2015|website=|publisher=Congressional Research Service|access-date=6 October 2016}} 8. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kristen-lewis/young-and-adrift-measurin_b_12125208.html|title=Young and Adrift: Measuring Youth Disconnection in America Today|last=Powers|first=Alex|last2=Recio|first2=Marina|date=26 September 2016|website=The Huffington Post|publisher=|access-date=6 October 2016}} 9. ^[https://ssrc-static.s3.amazonaws.com/moa/Promising%20Gains%20Final.pdf Measure of America's 2017 report, "Promising Gains, Persistent Gaps: Youth Disconnection in America."]
1 : Age and society |
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