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词条 Graphene quantum dot
释义

  1. Properties

  2. Preparation

  3. Application

  4. References

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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) represent single-layer to tens of layers of graphene of a size less than 30 nm. Due to its exceptional properties such as low toxicity, stable photoluminescence, chemical stability and pronounced quantum confinement effect, GQDs are considered as a novel material for biological, opto-electronics, energy and environmental applications.

Properties

The graphene quantum dot (GQD) is becoming an advanced multifunctional material for its unique optical, electronic,[1] spin,[2] and photoelectric properties induced by the quantum confinement effect and edge effect. GQDs are fragments limited in size, or domains, of a single-layer two-dimensional graphene crystal. Spectral studies have found that in almost all cases, GQDs are not single-layer graphene domains, but multi-layer formations containing up to 10 layers of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from 10 to 60 nm in size.

Preparation

Presently, several techniques have been developed to prepare GQDs; these techniques mainly include electron beam lithography, chemical synthesis, electrochemical preparation, graphene oxide (GO) reduction, C60 catalytic transformation, the microwave assisted hydrothermal method (MAH),[3][4] the Soft-Template method,[5] the hydrothermal method,[6][7][8] and the ultrasonic exfoliation method.[9]

Application

GQDs have various important applications in bioimaging, cancer therapeutics,[10] temperature sensing,[11] drug delivery,[12] surfactants,[13] LEDs lighter converters, photodetectors, OPV solar cells, and photoluminescent material, biosensors fabrication.

References

1. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nmat2378 |pmid=19219032 |title=The influence of edge structure on the electronic properties of graphene quantum dots and nanoribbons |journal=Nature Materials |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=235–42 |year=2009 |last1=Ritter |first1=Kyle A |last2=Lyding |first2=Joseph W |bibcode=2009NatMa...8..235R }}
2. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.84.035425 |title=Electric-field controlled spin in bilayer triangular graphene quantum dots |journal=Physical Review B |volume=84 |issue=3 |year=2011 |last1=Güçlü |first1=A. D |last2=Potasz |first2=P |last3=Hawrylak |first3=P |arxiv=1104.3108 |bibcode=2011PhRvB..84c5425G }}
3. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/nn300760g |pmid=22559247 |title=Deep Ultraviolet Photoluminescence of Water-Soluble Self-Passivated Graphene Quantum Dots |journal=ACS Nano |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=5102–10 |year=2012 |last1=Tang |first1=Libin |last2=Ji |first2=Rongbin |last3=Cao |first3=Xiangke |last4=Lin |first4=Jingyu |last5=Jiang |first5=Hongxing |last6=Li |first6=Xueming |last7=Teng |first7=Kar Seng |last8=Luk |first8=Chi Man |last9=Zeng |first9=Songjun |last10=Hao |first10=Jianhua |last11=Lau |first11=Shu Ping }}
4. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/nn501796r |pmid=24848545 |title=Deep Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Emission and Photoresponse in Layered N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots |journal=ACS Nano |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=6312–20 |year=2014 |last1=Tang |first1=Libin |last2=Ji |first2=Rongbin |last3=Li |first3=Xueming |last4=Bai |first4=Gongxun |last5=Liu |first5=Chao Ping |last6=Hao |first6=Jianhua |last7=Lin |first7=Jingyu |last8=Jiang |first8=Hongxing |last9=Teng |first9=Kar Seng |last10=Yang |first10=Zhibin |last11=Lau |first11=Shu Ping }}
5. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/ppsc.201200131 |title=Size-Dependent Structural and Optical Characteristics of Glucose-Derived Graphene Quantum Dots |journal=Particle & Particle Systems Characterization |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=523–31 |year=2013 |last1=Tang |first1=Libin |last2=Ji |first2=Rongbin |last3=Li |first3=Xueming |last4=Teng |first4=Kar Seng |last5=Lau |first5=Shu Ping }}
6. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/C3TC31473A |title=Multicolour light emission from chlorine-doped graphene quantum dots |journal=Journal of Materials Chemistry C |volume=1 |issue=44 |pages=7308–13 |year=2013 |last1=Li |first1=Xueming |last2=Lau |first2=Shu Ping |last3=Tang |first3=Libin |last4=Ji |first4=Rongbin |last5=Yang |first5=Peizhi }}
7. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/C3NR33849E |pmid=23579482 |title=Focusing on luminescent graphene quantum dots: Current status and future perspectives |journal=Nanoscale |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=4015–39 |year=2013 |last1=Li |first1=Lingling |last2=Wu |first2=Gehui |last3=Yang |first3=Guohai |last4=Peng |first4=Juan |last5=Zhao |first5=Jianwei |last6=Zhu |first6=Jun-Jie |bibcode=2013Nanos...5.4015L }}
8. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/C4NR00693C |pmid=24699893 |title=Sulphur doping: A facile approach to tune the electronic structure and optical properties of graphene quantum dots |journal=Nanoscale |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=5323–8 |year=2014 |last1=Li |first1=Xueming |last2=Lau |first2=Shu Ping |last3=Tang |first3=Libin |last4=Ji |first4=Rongbin |last5=Yang |first5=Peizhi |bibcode=2014Nanos...6.5323L }}
9. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1063/1.4896278 |bibcode=2014ApPhL.105k1116Z |title=Chlorine doped graphene quantum dots: Preparation, properties, and photovoltaic detectors |journal=Applied Physics Letters |volume=105 |issue=11 |pages=111116 |year=2014 |last1=Zhao |first1=Jianhong |last2=Tang |first2=Libin |last3=Xiang |first3=Jinzhong |last4=Ji |first4=Rongbin |last5=Yuan |first5=Jun |last6=Zhao |first6=Jun |last7=Yu |first7=Ruiyun |last8=Tai |first8=Yunjian |last9=Song |first9=Liyuan }}
10. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/C6RA25976F |title=Multifunctional graphene quantum dots for combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy coupled with cancer cell tracking applications |journal=RSC Advances |volume=7 |issue=9 |pages=5251–61 |year=2017 |last1=Thakur |first1=Mukeshchand |last2=Kumawat |first2=Mukesh Kumar |last3=Srivastava |first3=Rohit }}
11. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01893 |title=Graphene Quantum Dots from Mangifera indica: Application in Near-Infrared Bioimaging and Intracellular Nanothermometry |journal=ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=1382–91 |year=2017 |last1=Kumawat |first1=Mukesh Kumar |last2=Thakur |first2=Mukeshchand |last3=Gurung |first3=Raju B |last4=Srivastava |first4=Rohit }}
12. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.007 |pmid=27287144 |title=Milk-derived multi-fluorescent graphene quantum dot-based cancer theranostic system |journal=Materials Science and Engineering: C |volume=67 |pages=468–477 |year=2016 |last1=Thakur |first1=Mukeshchand |last2=Mewada |first2=Ashmi |last3=Pandey |first3=Sunil |last4=Bhori |first4=Mustansir |last5=Singh |first5=Kanchanlata |last6=Sharon |first6=Maheshwar |last7=Sharon |first7=Madhuri }}
13. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1155/2016/6490383 |title=The Synthesis of Amphiphilic Luminescent Graphene Quantum Dot and Its Application in Miniemulsion Polymerization |journal=Journal of Nanomaterials |volume=2016 |pages=1 |year=2016 |last1=Zeng |first1=Minxiang |last2=Wang |first2=Xuezhen |last3=Yu |first3=Yi-Hsien |last4=Zhang |first4=Lecheng |last5=Shafi |first5=Wakaas |last6=Huang |first6=Xiayun |last7=Cheng |first7=Zhengdong }}
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2 : Graphene|Quantum dots
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