| 词条 | Ibtihaj Muhammad |
| 释义 |
| name = Ibtihaj Muhammad | image = Ibtihaj Muhammad DIG14364-123.jpg | image_size = | caption = Ibtihaj Muhammad in 2018 | fullname = | country = {{USA}} | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|12|04}} | birth_place = Maplewood, New Jersey, US | death_date = | death_place = | residence = New York, New York, US | training = | weapon = Sabre | hand = Right | height = 1.70 m | weight = 66 kg | natlteam = | natlcoach = | club = Peter Westbrook Foundation | headcoach = Ed Korfanty | assistcoach = | formercoach = | perscoach = Akhi Spencer-El | retired = | fieranking = Current ranking | domesticranking = | medaltemplates ={{MedalCompetition|Olympic Games}}{{MedalBronze|2016 Rio de Janeiro |Team}}{{MedalCompetition|World Championships}}{{MedalGold|2014 Kazan|Team}}{{MedalBronze|2011 Catania|Team}}{{MedalBronze|2012 Kiev|Team}}{{MedalBronze|2013 Budapest|Team}}{{MedalBronze|2015 Moscow|Team}} }} Ibtihaj Muhammad (born December 4, 1985) is an American sabre fencer, and a member of the United States fencing team. She is best known for being the first Muslim American woman to wear a hijab while competing for the United States in the Olympics.[1] In individual sabre at the 2016 Summer Olympics, she won her first qualifying round bout, and was defeated in the second round by Cécilia Berder of France. She earned the bronze medal as part of Team USA in the Team Sabre, becoming the first female Muslim-American athlete to earn a medal at the Olympics. Early lifeIbtihaj Muhammad was born and raised in Maplewood, New Jersey, a suburb 25 miles (40 km) from Manhattan, and is of African American descent.[2][3] Her parents were born in the United States, and converted to Islam.[4][5] Her father, Eugene Muhammad, is a retired Newark, New Jersey police officer, and her mother, Denise, was an elementary school special education teacher.[3][6][7][7] She is the third of five siblings.[8] In accordance with their beliefs, Ibtihaj’s parents sought out a sport for her to participate in where she could maintain her hijab.[3] Ibtihaj attended Columbia High School, a public high school in Maplewood, graduating in 2003.[8][9][10] She attended Duke University and graduated in 2007 with dual bachelor's degrees in international relations and African and African-American studies.[11] Fencing careerAt Columbia High School, she joined the school fencing team at age 13, fencing under coach Frank Mustilli, now the head and owner of the New Jersey Fencing Alliance.[8][12] Mustilli had her switch weapons, from épée to sabre.[12][13] In late 2002, Ibtihaj joined the prestigious Peter Westbrook Foundation, a program which utilizes the sport of fencing as a vehicle to develop life skills in young people from underserved communities. She was invited to train under the Westbrook Foundation's Elite Athlete Program in New York City. She is coached by former PWF student and 2000 Sydney Olympian Akhi Spencer-El.[14] Ibtihaj attended Duke University, where she received a scholarship.[15] She was a 3-time All-American and the 2005 Junior Olympic Champion.[16][17] Ibtihaj graduated from Duke University in 2007 with an International Relations and African American Studies double major.[5][18] Ibtihaj has been a member of the United States National Fencing Team since 2010. She, as of 2018, ranks No. 3 in the United States and No. 23 in the world. She is a 5-time Senior World medalist, including 2014 World Champion in the team event.[19] 2016 Summer OlympicsIbtihaj was defeated by Cécilia Berder of France in the second round in the Women’s Individual Sabre in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics but still left Rio with a bronze medal.[6][20][21] Despite the loss, she attracted significant media attention.[22] She is best known for being the first woman to wear a hijab while competing for the United States in the Olympics.[23] American-born and raised Sarah Attar had run in the 2012 Olympics with her hair covered, in keeping with a request that she does so to respect Islamic law by Saudi Arabia, for whom she ran on the basis of her father having been born in Saudi Arabia.[24] Ibtihaj became the first female Muslim-American athlete to earn a medal at the Olympics.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} She earned a bronze medal in the Team Sabre, along with Monica Aksamit, Dagmara Wozniak, and Mariel Zagunis, by defeating Italy 45-30 in the medal match. This came after defeating Poland 45-43, and losing to Russia 42-45. As symbol of America's diversity and toleranceThe 2016 Summer Olympics occurred during the U.S. Presidential campaign in which questions of Muslim assimilation were being discussed, including with respect to U.S.-born Muslims.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} Ibtihaj as visibly Muslim (due to her hijab) became "one of the best symbols against intolerance America can ever have", according to The Guardian.[25] However, Ibtihaj drew some criticism during the Olympics by describing the United States as a dangerous place for Muslims, saying that she did "not feel safe" as a Muslim living in America.[26] Other activitiesIn 2014, Ibtihaj and her siblings launched their own clothing company, Louella, which aims to bring modest fashionable clothing to the United States market.[4] She is also a sports ambassador, serving on the U.S. Department of State’s Empowering Women and Girls Through Sport Initiative. She has traveled to various countries to engage in dialogue on the importance of sports and education.[27][28] In 2017 Mattel introduced a Barbie in a Hijab, which is designed after Ibtihaj.[29] BibliographyShe has also penned two books about her life growing up in New Jersey and her Olympic experience:[30]
See also
References1. ^{{cite web | first = Hannah | last = Storm | url = http://espn.go.com/espnw/journeys-victories/article/7323847/muslim-fencer-ibtihaj-muhammad-all-covered | title = Muslim fencer has it all covered | work = ESPN.com | date = 12 August 2011|accessdate=10 March 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://usfencing.org/athletes/ibtijah-muhammad |accessdate=December 25, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126172820/http://usfencing.org/athletes/ibtijah-muhammad | title = U.S. Olympic Athletes Ibtihaj Muhammad |archivedate=November 26, 2011 }} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/14/meet-ibtihaj-muhammad-the-history-making-olympian-who-called-out-sxsw-for-telling-her-to-remove-her-hijab/|title=Meet Ibtihaj Muhammad, the history-making Olympian who called out SXSW for telling her to remove her hijab|website=Washington Post|access-date=2016-08-11}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://heavy.com/sports/2016/08/ibtihaj-muhammad-muslim-olympics-clothing-parents-ethnicity-fencing-religion-who-is-bio-sabre-business/|title=Ibtihaj Muhammad: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|last=Adams|first=Jonathan|date=2016-08-05|language=en-US|access-date=2016-08-11}} 5. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/mar/10/ibtihaj-muhammad-us-fencing-muslim-rio-olympics|title=Ibtihaj Muhammad: the US fencing star out to challenge intolerance and hate|last=Carpenter|first=Les|date=2016-03-10|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-08-11}} 6. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/08/09/u-s-olympian-ibtihaj-muhammad-s-dad-women-should-never-argue-with-men.html|title=U.S. Olympian Ibtihaj Muhammad’s Dad: Women Should Never Argue With Men|last=Hines|first=Nico|date=2016-08-09|website=The Daily Beast|access-date=2016-08-11}} 7. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.timeforkids.com/news/new-face-team-usa/417261|title=A New Face for Team USA {{!}} TIME For Kids|website=www.timeforkids.com|access-date=2016-08-11}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite news | first = Aimee | last = Berg | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304569504576404011992467534 | title = Fencer With Headscarf Is a Cut Above the Rest | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal | date = 24 June 2011|accessdate=10 March 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|last1=Khakpour|first1=Porochista|title=Rio Olympics: Ibtihaj Muhammad Is America's Olympic Game Changer|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/sports/ibtihaj-muhammad-first-american-olympian-in-hijab-w432942|publisher=Rolling Stone|accessdate=8 August 2016}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://essexnewsdaily.com/sports/sports-southorange/14482|title=Jocelyn Willoughby and Charlotte O’Leary are ‘Essex Award’ recipients|date=2016-05-24|language=en-US|access-date=2016-08-11}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usfencing.org/page/show/700219-ibtihaj-muhammad|title=Ibtihaj Muhammad|publisher=|accessdate=August 20, 2016}} 12. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://blog.nj.com/njv_barry_carter/2011/10/carter_maplewood_woman_could_b.html|title=Carter: Maplewood woman could be first American Muslim to wear hijab while competing at Olympics|access-date=2016-08-11}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://patch.com/new-jersey/maplewood/maplewood-fencing-sisters-among-nations-elite|title=Maplewood Fencing Sisters Among Nation's Elite|language=en-US|access-date=2016-08-11}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/rio-olympics-ibtihaj-muhammad-team-usa-fencing-fun-facts-1.12070248|title=Who is Ibtihaj Muhammad?|access-date=2016-08-11}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2016/07/ibtihaj-muhammad-muslim-us-olympian|title=A Muslim fencer broke stereotypes, but now she wants Olympic gold|date=2016-07-29|language=en-US|access-date=2016-08-11}} 16. ^{{cite web|author=Ibtihaj Muhammad |url=http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=4200&ATCLID=152174 |title=Ibtihaj Muhammad Bio - Duke University Blue Devils | Official Athletics Site |website=GoDuke.com |date=4 December 1985|accessdate=10 March 2016}} 17. ^{{cite web|first1=Porochista|last1=Khakpour|title=Rio Olympics: Ibtihaj Muhammad Is America's Olympic Game Changer|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/sports/ibtihaj-muhammad-first-american-olympian-in-hijab-w432942|publisher=Rolling Stone|accessdate=8 August 2016}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fencingmastersnyc.com/athletes.html |accessdate=25 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230074029/http://www.fencingmastersnyc.com/athletes.html | title = U.S. Olympic Athletes sabre Ibtihaj Muhammad |archivedate=December 30, 2011 }} 19. ^{{cite web|last1=Hafez|first1=Shamoon|title=Rio Olympics 2016: Ibtihaj Muhammad on hijab, Donald Trump & Muhammad Ali|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/36963954|website=BBC Sport|accessdate=August 8, 2016|date=August 8, 2016}} 20. ^{{cite web|last1=Editor|first1=Amber Ferguson Associate Politics Video|last2=Post|first2=The Huffington|title=Ibtihaj Muhammad Didn’t Win A Medal, Still Scored An Olympic Victory|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/ibtihaj-muhammad-no-medal-us-olympics_us_57a8a48ce4b021fd98794e5d|website=The Huffington Post|accessdate=10 August 2016|date=8 August 2016}} 21. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=The Nike pro hijab goes global|last=|first=|date=2 Dec 2017|work=Middle East North Africa Financial Network|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=3 March 2018|dead-url=}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=Muhammad out - but media won't let hijab-wearing American go quietly|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/rio-2016-only-when-silence-falls-will-we-have-reached-that-blessed-acceptance-hijab-wearing-ibtihaj-a7179321.html|website=independent.co.uk|publisher=Independent|accessdate=10 August 2016|date=8 August 2016}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/espnw/journeys-victories/article/7323847/muslim-fencer-ibtihaj-muhammad-all-covered|title=Muslim fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad has it all covered|publisher=|accessdate=August 20, 2016}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://fittish.deadspin.com/the-complicated-story-of-american-olympians-and-the-hij-1784952427|title=The Complicated Story Of American Olympians And The Hijab|first=Sarah|last=Barker|publisher=|accessdate=August 20, 2016}} 25. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2016/aug/08/ibtihaj-muhammad-fencing-rio-2016-olympics Les Carpenter, "Ibtihaj Muhammad stoic in defeat: 'I feel proud to represent Team USA'", The Guardian, 2016-08-08] 26. ^"Interview with Ibtihaj Muhammad", The Daily Beast, 2016-08-08 27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EV_hpWxov8U |accessdate= August 5, 2016 | title = E:60 Ibtihaj Muhammad - E:60: Ibtihaj Muhammad's American Olympic dream - ESPN Video}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://search.espn.com/e:60:-ibtihaj-muhammad-s-american-olympic-dream-espn/video/6 |accessdate= August 5, 2016 | title = Ibtihaj Muhammad, Olympic trailblazer - ESPN Video}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/13/first-us-hijab-wearing-barbie-honour-fencer-ibtihaj-muhammad/ |accessdate= August 5, 2016 | title = First US hijab-wearing Barbie to honour fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/ibtihaj-muhammads-memoir-proud-is-a-powerful-story-about-her-rise-as-a-black-muslim-olympian-10251635|title=Fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad Wrote A Powerful Memoir About Her Experiences As A Black Muslim Olympian|last=Courtney|first=Sara|website=Bustle|language=en|access-date=2018-12-06}} 31. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1039423626|title=Proud : living my American dream|last=1985-|first=Muhammad, Ibtihaj,|isbn=9780316477000|edition= Young readers |location=New York|oclc=1039423626}} External links{{Commons category|Ibtihaj Muhammad}}
19 : 1985 births|Living people|American female fencers|American sabre fencers|African-American sportswomen|African-American Muslims|Fencers at the 2011 Pan American Games|People from Maplewood, New Jersey|American Muslims|Columbia High School (New Jersey) alumni|Duke University alumni|Fencers at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Fencers at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic fencers of the United States|Sportspeople from Essex County, New Jersey|Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in fencing|Pan American Games medalists in fencing|Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States |
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