| 词条 | Lakeview Drive |
| 释义 |
|header_type=hist |name=Lakeview Drive |marker_image= |map=Lakeview Drive (NC) map.svg |map_notes=Route of Lakeview Drive highlighted in red |maint=NPS |length_mi=6.5 |length_round=1 |length_ref=[1][2] |established={{start date|1948}}[3] |counties=Swain, NC }} The Lakeview Drive (also known as North Shore Road and the Road to Nowhere) is a {{convert|6.5|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} road, split in two segments, located along the north shore of Fontana Lake, wholly within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The scenic road, which was never completed, features an unused road tunnel and connects to various hiking and horse riding trails in the area. Route descriptionLakeview Drive West is the shorter {{convert|.7|mi|km|adj=on}} road segment; located at Fontana Dam, the road hugs the north-western shore of Little Tennessee River section of Fontana Lake before ending at a parking area. Both, the Appalachian Trail and Benton MacKaye Trail, overlap this road segment. Lakeview Drive East, located near Bryson City, is a {{convert|5.8|mi|km|adj=on}} road from Fontana Road (SR 1364) to a parking area, located less than a {{convert|1000|ft|m}} from the road tunnel. The road, over {{convert|5000|ft|m}} above the Tuckasegee River section of Fontana Lake, curves along Mine Mountain and Buzzardroost Mountain before crossing over Noland Creek and then ending at the edge of Tunnel Ridge. Stone facades on bridges and wooden rails along it shoulders appears similar to the Blue Ridge Parkway. The speed limit along the road is {{convert|45|mph|kph|adj=on}}. Lakeshore Trail connects both segments of Lakeview Drive by following the proposed routing of the road. The {{convert|34.7|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} trail includes the half-mile portion of road and tunnel that was never opened for vehicles. The Lakeshore Trail connects with other trails that cross-cross the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and has several campsites. Some portions of the trail follow old NC 288, where hikers may see abandoned automobiles from 1920's-1930's and a bridge at Lands Creek during the winter months, when lake levels are low. History{{see also|Fontana Dam|North Carolina Highway 288}}The story of Lakeview Drive begins on July 30, 1943, when the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the state of North Carolina, Swain County and the Department of the Interior (DOI) entered into an agreement that called for:
In 1944, Fontana Dam was completed and Fontana Lake was formed; also by this time, the TVA had fulfilled all its obligations under the agreement. After World War II, construction began on the western {{convert|.7|mi|km|adj=on}} segment, completed in 1948. In 1958, North Carolina completed work on Fontana Road (SR 1364), which ends at the National Park boundary. In 1960, construction began on the eastern segment, where crews quickly ran into unstable rock. In 1962, after the first {{convert|2.3|mi|km}} was nearly completed, a letter from the Bureau of Public Roads asked Conrad L. Wirth, then director of the NPS, to "seriously reconsider" the plan and said that the road would become costly with damage to the area's landscape. Construction was halted by 1971, after the completion of the road tunnel and Noland Creek bridge.[3] After $4.1 million spent on the road, environmental concerns became a pressing matter because of exposed Anakeesta rock and the possibility that the mild acid that comes from the rock could leak into nearby streams, damaging plants and fish. In 1983, a lawsuit brought by a group of Swain County residents to force the NPS to resume construction ended when the Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit concluded that the 1943 agreement to construct the road had not been breached by DOI as Congress had not appropriated funds for the completion of the road. The court also held that DOI was under no obligation to seek further appropriations for the completion of the road. Things remained idle until 2001, when NC Representative Charles H. Taylor inserted $16 million into the Federal Highway Administration appropriation to resume work on the road. An Environmental impact statement (EIS) was soon performed to evaluate a range of alternatives that could resolve the DOI's obligations under the 1943 agreement. The EIS resulted in a NPS Record of Decision (ROD) on December 28, 2007 that payment of a monetary settlement to Swain County, in lieu of further construction, was the alternative that would best protect the resources of the park. Negotiations soon followed, which were aided by NC Representative Heath Shuler and TN Senator Lamar Alexander.[4][5][6] On February 6, 2010, all signatories met in Bryson City and executed a new agreement that explicitly extinguished the 1943 agreement. It called for a cash settlement of $52 million, paid to Swain County, by on or before December 31, 2020. Upon complete settlement, all remaining obligations that remain are considered fulfilled.[7][8][9] Swain County had received $12.8 million so far and used interest on that money for county needs. In April 2016, Swain County commissioners filed a lawsuit against the federal government asking for the remaining $29.2 million still owed to the county. The federal government takes the position that the agreement does not require payment until 2020.[10] On April 24, 2017, Judge Lydia Kay Griggsby of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims dismissed the lawsuit but the county has asked for reconsideration.[11] Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke released $4 million on September 7, 2017.[12] The final installment of $35.2 million was paid on June 29, 2018. However, under the 2010 agreement, the money was deposited with the state treasurer's office. Swain County can spend only the interest the money earns.[13]{{Clear}}Junction list{{jcttop|state=NC|county=Swain|length_ref=[1][2]}}{{NCint|location=Fontana |mile=0.0 |road=Fontana Dam Road – Fontana Dam |nspan=2 |notes=Lakeview Drive West}}{{Jctint |location_special=Great Smoky Mountains National Park |lspan=3 |mile=0.7 |road=Lakeshore Trail |notes=none}}{{jctbridge |bridge=Lakeview Drive Gap}}{{NCint |mile=0.7 |road=Lakeshore Trail |nspan=2 |notes=Lakeview Drive East}}{{NCint |location=none |mile=6.5 |road=Fontana Road – Bryson City |notes=none}}{{jctbtm}} See also{{portal|U.S. Roads|North Carolina}}
References1. ^1 {{google maps|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?saddr=Lakeview+Dr+E&daddr=Lakeview+Dr+E&hl=en&ll=35.455986,-83.508883&spn=0.060266,0.111494&sll=35.465983,-83.496437&sspn=0.060259,0.111494&geocode=FUXrHAIdwDkG-w%3BFRIQHQIdJE8F-w&mra=dme&mrsp=1&sz=14&t=p&z=14|title=East Lakeview Drive|accessdate=November 28, 2014}} 2. ^1 {{google maps|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?saddr=Lakeview+Dr+W&daddr=Lakeview+Dr+W&hl=en&ll=35.454727,-83.803067&spn=0.030134,0.055747&sll=35.453539,-83.803067&sspn=0.030134,0.055747&geocode=FaH2HAIdbTAB-w%3BFVwXHQIdHSUB-w&t=p&mra=dme&mrsp=0&sz=15&z=15|title=West Lakeview Drive|accessdate=November 28, 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://uglybridges.com/1339649|title=Uglybridges.com: Lakeview Drive over Noland Creek |accessdate=November 29, 2014}} 4. ^1 {{cite news |first= Julie |last= Ball |work= Asheville Citizen-Times |url= http://www.citizen-times.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/NORTHSHORE/61130024 |title= Pave or preserve? North Shore debate lingers |date= December 3, 2006 |accessdate= November 29, 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.gribblenation.com/nclost/roads/nowhere.html |title= Carolina Lost: The Road to Nowhere |accessdate= November 29, 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web |publisher= National Park Service |url= http://www.nps.gov/grsm/parkmgmt/upload/Brief-North%20Shore%20Road.pdf |format= PDF |title= Briefing Statement: Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Proposed North Shore Road |date= October 2, 2007 |accessdate= November 29, 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web |publisher= National Park Service |url= http://www.nps.gov/grsm/parkmgmt/upload/NOrth%20Shore%20Road%202101%20AGREEMENT.pdf |format= PDF |title= North Shore Road Agreement |date= February 6, 2010 |accessdate= November 29, 2014}} 8. ^{{cite web |publisher= National Park Service |url= http://www.nps.gov/grsm/parkmgmt/upload/North-Shore-Rd-3-15-10.pdf |format= PDF |title= Great Smoky Mountains National Park – North Shore Road Monetary Settlement |date= March 15, 2010 |accessdate= November 29, 2014}} 9. ^{{cite news |first= Margaret |last= Williams |work= Mountain Xpress |url= https://mountainx.com/news/021010buzz1/ |title= North Shore Road settlement brings $52 million to Swain County |location= Asheville, NC |date= February 10, 2010 |accessdate= November 29, 2014}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2016/12/05/392-million-road-nowhere-debt-still-unpaid/94801762/|title=$39.2 million: 'Road to Nowhere' debt still unpaid|last=Barrett|first=Mark|work=Asheville Citizen-Times|date=December 6, 2016|accessdate=December 6, 2016}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2017/06/03/swain-cant-sue-over-smokies-money-yet-judge-rules/363989001/|title=Swain can't sue over Smokies money yet, judge rules, but county tries again|last=Barrett|first=Mark|work=Asheville Citizen-Times|date=June 3, 2017|accessdate=June 4, 2017}} 12. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2017/09/07/zinke-signs-over-4-million-swain-county-road-nowhere-money/641873001/|title=Zinke signs over $4 million to Swain County in 'Road to Nowhere' money|last=Barrett|first=Mark|work=Asheville Citizen-Times|date=September 7, 2017|accessdate=September 8, 2017}} 13. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/article214204949.html|title=Feds broke promises to NC county for 75 years. A big bank deposit changed all that.|last=Henderson|first=Bruce|work=The Charlotte Observer|date=July 3, 2018|accessdate=July 3, 2018}} External links{{Attached KML}}
4 : Great Smoky Mountains National Park|Transportation in Swain County, North Carolina|Protected areas of Swain County, North Carolina|Roads in North Carolina |
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