| 词条 | Australia First Party |
| 释义 |
| country = Australia | name = Australia First Party (NSW) Incorporated | native_name = | slogan = Restoring Nationhood and Wealth for Australians | logo = | founder = Graeme Campbell | leader = Jim Saleam | leader1_title = Deputy Leader | leader1_name = Peter Schuback | foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1996|06}} | dissolution = | youth_wing = Patriotic Youth League {{small|(2002–06)}} Eureka Youth League {{small|(2010–present)}} | membership = | newspaper = Audacity | headquarters = Tempe, NSW | ideology = Neo-Nazism Australian ultranationalism White nationalism[1] Economic nationalism[2] Islamophobia Neo-fascism Anti-zionism antisemitism | position = Far-right | european = Alliance for Peace and Freedom | website = Official website | colours = {{Colour box|#0047AB}} Blue | colorcode = #5D8AA5 | seats1_title = House of Representatives | seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|150|color=#FFF|hex={{Liberal Party of Australia/meta/color}}}} | seats2_title = Senate | seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|76|color=#FFF|hex={{Liberal Party of Australia/meta/color}}}}| }}{{Neo-fascism}}{{Antisemitism}}{{Islamophobia}} The Australia First Party (NSW) Incorporated (normally referred to as Australia First Party or AFP) is an Australian far-right political party founded in 1996 by Graeme Campbell and currently led by Jim Saleam. The policies of Australia First have been described as nationalistic, anti-multicultural and economic protectionist. The party's logo includes the Southern Cross of the Eureka Flag. Saleam is a convicted criminal, a former member of the neo-Nazi National Socialist Party of Australia and founder of the militant Australian white supremacist group National Action. Saleam's criminal convictions include property offenses and fraud in 1984 and being an accessory before the fact in 1989 for his involvement in the shotgun attack on the home of African National Congress representative Eddie Funde.[3][4][5][6][6] HistoryCampbell eraThe Australia First Party was established in June 1996 by Graeme Campbell, and registered as a political party by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) on 13 September 1996. Campbell had been the federal Labor member for Kalgoorlie since 1980. However, he was disendorsed by the ALP in 1995, and continued to sit in parliament as an independent. He was reelected as an independent at the 1996 Australian federal election, and formed AFP soon after. However, AFP was not successful at the 1998 federal election and Campbell lost his seat, blaming his loss on Australia First being eclipsed by One Nation. In 2009, he claimed that, if not for the presence of a One Nation candidate, he would have picked up an additional 8.5% of the vote, which would have been enough to keep him in the race. Campbell remained Australia First's leader until June 2001, when he left the party to stand (unsuccessfully) as a One Nation Senate candidate in Western Australia. At the 2004 federal election, Campbell attempted unsuccessfully to regain his old federal seat as an independent. He again stood for the Senate in Western Australia at the 2007 federal election as an independent, but only achieved 0.13% of the vote.[7][8][9][10][11][10] Saleam eraIn 2002, Jim Saleam ran as an AFP candidate for a seat on Marrickville council, New South Wales, claiming "to oppose Marrickville being a Refugee Welcome Zone". Later that year the party formed its youth wing, the Patriotic Youth League. AFP was deregistered by the AEC on 13 August 2004 for failing to nominate candidates at elections for four years. By 2007, Saleam had reestablished AFP, and in July 2009, Saleam claimed that the party had 500 members, and announced that he was registering its New South Wales branch, Australia First Party (NSW) Incorporated, with the AEC. The branch was registered by AEC on 13 June 2010, in time for the 2010 federal election.[12][15][13][14][15] At the 2013 federal election, AFP was involved in Glenn Druery's Minor Party Alliance.[16][17] Saleam stood in the seat of Cook on a platform to end refugee intakes, running against Scott Morrison, and received 617 votes, or 0.67% of the vote. On 14 July 2015, the AEC deregistered the AFP due to its failure to demonstrate the required 500 members.[18] It was reregistered on 1 March 2016 as “Australia First Party (NSW) Incorporated”.[19][20][21][22][23] AFP contested the 2016 federal election, without any success. Saleam stood in the seat of Lindsay, New South Wales, receiving 1068 votes or 1.2% of the vote. In October 2016, the Australia First Party joined with the Australian Protectionist Party, Nationalist Alternative, Eureka Youth League, and Hellenic Nationalists of Australia to form the Australian Coalition of Nationalists, as a framework for cooperation between these entities.[24] Saleam also stood for AFP in the 2018 Longman by-election, receiving 709 votes or 0.8% of the vote.[25][26][27] Saleam stood in the seat of Cootamundra, New South Wales, in the 2017 by-election as an independent, though still a member of Australia First, as the party was not registered for NSW elections.[28] He received 453 votes, 1% of the total. He again stood in the seat at the 2019 New South Wales state election as an independent. Saleam's platform included the reintroduction of the White Australia policy and opposition to Chinese immigration.[29] On 2 May 2014 the party aligned itself with the Golden Dawn party of Greece, a Metaxist fascist organisation,[30] and on 24 July 2016, the party endorsed former Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan David Duke for the 2016 Louisiana election via Twitter.[31] Electoral performanceThe Australia First Party has been largely unsuccessful electorally. It has been elected to two local council seats, one in City of Penrith and one in City of Prospect. Saleam ran as a candidate in the 2018 Longman by-election, receiving 684 votes or 0.8% of the vote.[32][33][34] ActivitiesThe Australia First Party's activities have mainly consisted of distributing pamphlets and protesting. AFP members have repeatedly distributed racist pamphlets and stickers, on some occasions attempting to deny having done so in the aftermath. The AFP have also held numerous rallies, most of which have been labeled racist by the media and opponents, some of these rallies have ended in violent altercations. AFP claim that 150 members and supporters attended the Cronulla Riot.[35][36][37] Patriotic Youth LeagueThe Patriotic Youth League (PLY) was formed in 2002 by former One Nation activist Stuart McBeth[38] as the youth wing of the Australia First Party. It has been described by numerous media commentators and academics as a far right, white nationalist youth organisation[38][39][40][41][42] that has been linked to neo-Nazism, including the now-disbanded US-based Volksfront,[38] and hate crimes. Racism allegationsAustralia First Party is {{as of|lc=yes|March 2019}} led by convicted criminal and neo-Nazi Jim Saleam. Saleam was a member of the short-lived National Socialist Party of Australia as a teenager during the early 1970s[43][44] and the founder of the militant Australian white supremacist group National Action. Australia First also endorsed independent candidate John Moffat, who was later criticised by B'nai B'rith Anti-Defamation Commission chairman Michael Lipshutz, Cronulla Liberal MP Malcolm Kerr and Lebanese Muslim Association spokesman Jihad Dib for "inciting racial hatred".[45] On 10 July 2009, the Sydney Morning Herald reported that David Palmer, the Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan in Australia, said several Klan members had secretly joined Australia First. Palmer said Australia First had been identified as an Aryan party and would prove useful "in case the ethnics get out of hand and they need sorting out." The Australia First Party later endorsed former Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan David Duke for the 2016 Louisiana election via Twitter.[46][31] In July 2010, the Green Left Weekly reported that Australia First was distributing leaflets comparing Africans to monkeys, and "blaming Africans for the social problems in Sydney's west". Australia First denied responsibility for the leaflets, claiming that they had been distributed in an attempt to discredit the party.[47][48] Nathan Sykes arrestOn 20 March 2019, Australia First member Nathan Sykes, described as a "prolific online troll and a lieutenant of Australia’s most prominent white supremacist Jim Saleam", was charged with at least eight offences, after allegations that he made repeated and detailed violent threats to Melbourne journalist and lawyer Luke McMahon. He had previously made numerous racist and intimidating online comments targeting high-profile Australians, including ex-Racial Discrimination Commissioner Tim Soutphommasane, activist Mariam Veiszadeh and Guardian journalist Van Badham.[49] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://ausfirst.alphalink.com.au/ |title=Identity Independence Freedom |date= 14 September 2012 |accessdate=16 March 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://australiafirstparty.net/our-policies/policies-explored/policy-2-rebuild-australian-manufacturing-industries/|title=Policy 2: Rebuild Australian Manufacturing Industries |accessdate=29 June 2016 |publisher= Australia First Party}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/racist-pamphlet-targets-africans/2007/08/08/1186530447656.html |title=Racist pamphlet targets Africans - National |publisher=smh.com.au |date=9 August 2007 |accessdate=2010-07-01| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100706184901/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/racist-pamphlet-targets-africans/2007/08/08/1186530447656.html| archivedate= 6 July 2010 | deadurl= no}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://ausfirst.alphalink.com.au/programme.html/cms/|title=The Programme of the Australia First Party|accessdate=2006-02-16|publisher=Australia First Party}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.australiafirstparty.com.au/cms/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612213249/http://www.australiafirstparty.com.au/cms/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=The Eight Core Policies of the Australia First Party |accessdate=2006-02-16 |publisher=Australia First Party}} 6. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/no-apology-for-white-australia-policy/2008/01/11/1199988590134.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2 |title=No apology for white Australia policy |last1=Gibson |first1=Jano |last2=Frew |first2=Wendy |date=12 January 2008 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |publisher= |accessdate=4 February 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/RP/1998-99/99rp10.htm |title=The Decline in Support for Australian Major Parties and the Prospect of Minority Government |author=Scott Bennett |date=16 February 1999 |accessdate=24 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713000218/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/1998-99/99rp10.htm |archivedate=13 July 2010 |df=dmy}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/elections/federal/2007/results/senate/wa.htm|publisher=ABC News|title=Senate Results Western Australia|work=Federal Election 2007|year=2007|author=?Antony Green|accessdate=24 January 2010}} 9. ^Australian Electoral Commission 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/elections/federal/2007/guide/kalg.htm|publisher=ABC News|work=Australia Votes 2007|title=Kalgoorlie|date=21 December 2007|author=Antony Green|accessdate=24 January 2010}} 11. ^Destiny Magazine, Issue #6 12. ^{{cite news|first=Andrew|last=West|title=White separatist takes on Marrickville|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/28/1077677015074.html|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=29 February 2004|accessdate=2006-07-14}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://australiafirstparty.net/australian-identity/party-formation/ |title=Party Formation |publisher=Australia First Party|accessdate=16 May 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/rightwing-genie-out-of-the-bottle-20090708-ddfk.html|title=Right-wing genie out of the bottle|accessdate=2009-07-09|first=Erik|last=Jensen|date=9 July 2009|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald}} 15. ^AEC redirection page - Australian Electoral Commission 16. ^Bitter dispute erupts over Senate preferences in Queensland: ABC 5 September 2013 17. ^Alliance of micro parties boosts odds for likes of One Nation or Shooters and Fishers gaining Senate spot through preferences: Daily Telegraph 5 September 2013 18. ^{{cite web|title=Deregistered/renamed political parties |url=http://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/Party_Registration/Deregistered_parties/aust-1st.htm|publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|accessdate=14 July 2015}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aec.gov.au/parties_and_representatives/party_registration/Deregistered_parties/aust-1st.htm |title=Australia First Party (NSW) Incorporated |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission |date=7 March 2016 |accessdate=16 March 2016}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://australiafirstparty.net/australian-identity/party-formation/ |title=Party Formation |publisher=Australia First Party|accessdate=16 May 2018}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/rightwing-genie-out-of-the-bottle-20090708-ddfk.html|title=Right-wing genie out of the bottle|accessdate=2009-07-09|first=Erik|last=Jensen|date=9 July 2009|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald}} 22. ^AEC redirection page - Australian Electoral Commission 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aec.gov.au/parties_and_representatives/party_registration/Deregistered_parties/aust-1st.htm |title=Australia First Party (NSW) Incorporated |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission |date=7 March 2016 |accessdate=16 March 2016}} 24. ^The formation of the Australian Coalition of Nationalists 25. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.news.com.au/finance/work/leaders/farrightwing-parties-after-your-vote-on-election-day/news-story/dea024a911e4e5bf2d8d6bb6fbd1f0b0/news-story/dea024a911e4e5bf2d8d6bb6fbd1f0b0 |title=Far-right-wing parties after your vote on election day |author=Murray, Oliver |date=26 April 2016 |work=The Daily Telegraph |publisher= |accessdate=3 June 2016 }} 26. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.penrithcitygazette.com.au/story/3908733/saleam-in-election-16/ |title=Controversial Saleam to stand for Australia First in Lindsay |author=Pollard, Krystyna |date=19 May 2016 |work=Penrith City Gazette |publisher= |accessdate=3 June 2016 }} 27. ^{{Cite web|url=https://tallyroom.aec.gov.au/HouseDivisionPage-22694-302.htm|title=House of Representatives division information|last=26|first=scheme=AGLSTERMS.AglsAgent; corporateName=Australian Electoral Commission; address=50 Marcus Clarke Street, Canberra, ACT 2600; contact=13 23|website=Australian Electoral Commission|language=en-AU|access-date=2018-07-29}} 28. ^{{cite news |last=Grey |first=Lachlan |url=http://www.cootamundraherald.com.au/story/4881854/dark-horse-emerges-for-cootamundra-by-election/|title=Australia First leader Jim Saleam to contest Cootamundra by-election in November|work=Cootamundra Herald|date=27 August 2017|accessdate=10 September 2017}} 29. ^[https://www.smh.com.au/nsw-election-2019/right-wing-extremist-makes-election-bid-in-sleepy-nsw-cherry-capital-20190322-p516q4.html Right wing extremist makes election bid in sleepy NSW 'cherry capital'] 30. ^*{{Citation |first1=Kostas |last1=Gemenis |first2=Roula |last2=Nezi |title=The 2011 Political Parties Expert Survey in Greece |publisher=University of Twente |date=January 2012 |page=4 |url=http://doc.utwente.nl/79515/1/Expert_survey_report_DANS.pdf}}*{{Citation |first=Maria |last=Repoussi |title=Battles over the national past of Greeks: The Greek History Textbook Controversy 2006–2007 |journal=Geschichte für heute. Zeitschrift für historisch-politische Bildung |issue=1 |year=2009 |page=5 |url=http://users.auth.gr/~marrep/PS_REPOUSI/ENG/PUBLICATIONS/battles%20for%20the%20national%20past.pdf }}*{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Grumke |title=The transatlantic dimension of right-wing extremism |journal=Human Rights Review |volume=4 |issue=4 |year=2003 |pages=56–72 |doi=10.1007/s12142-003-1021-x |quote=On October 24, 1998 the Greek right-wing extremist organisation Chrisi Avgi (Golden Dawn) was the host for the 5th European Youth Congress in Thessaloniki. }} 31. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/austfirstparty|title=Australia FirstParty (@AustFirstParty)|accessdate=1 February 2018}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prospect.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=981 |title=Profile of Cr. Bruce Preece |accessdate=20 January 2007 |publisher=City of Prospect |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919132420/http://www.prospect.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=981 |archivedate=19 September 2006 }} 33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lga.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/2006_Election_Results_Update.pdf#page=47 |title=2006 Local Government Election Results |accessdate=20 January 2007 |format=PDF |publisher=Local Government Association of South Australia |page=47 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630122220/http://www.lga.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/2006_Election_Results_Update.pdf#page=47 |archivedate=30 June 2007 |df=dmy-all }} 34. ^{{cite news |url=http://penrith-press.whereilive.com.au/news/story/australia-first-party-council-candidate-elected/ |title=Australia First Party council candidate elected |work=Penrith Press |date=14 September 2012 |author=Schiller, Emma |accessdate=22 September 2012 }} 35. ^Australia First Denies Racist Mailbox Flyers{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120183638/http://www.macarthuradvertiser.com.au/news/local/news/general/australia-first-denies-racist-mailbox-flyers/1993276.aspx |date=20 November 2010 }} 36. ^{{cite news|last=Baker|first=Richard|title=Australia First: reclaiming the agenda|work=The Age|date=14 December 2005|page=11|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/australia-first-reclaiming-the-agenda/2005/12/13/1134236064358.html|accessdate=2006-02-25| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060203111009/http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/australia-first-reclaiming-the-agenda/2005/12/13/1134236064358.html| archivedate= 3 February 2006 | deadurl= no}} 37. ^{{cite news|first=John|last=Mulcair|title=Rally held at MP's office|url=http://i35.photobucket.com/albums/d177/dasa1/leader1.jpg|work=St. George and Sutherland Shire Leader (Sutherland edition)|page=11|date=10 October 2006|accessdate=2006-10-13| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061107213158/http://i35.photobucket.com/albums/d177/dasa1/leader1.jpg| archivedate= 7 November 2006 | deadurl= no}} 38. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/08/30/1093852185161.html|title= Neo-Nazi link to campus anti-foreigner campaign |publisher=Sydney Morning Herald |date=2 December 2004 |accessdate=2010-07-01 }} 39. ^{{cite web|author1=Adam Bennett|title=Race hate group unstuck|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/National/Race-hate-group-unstuck/2004/12/18/1103312781334.html|date=19 December 2004|accessdate=17 May 2018}} 40. ^{{cite web|author=Danny Ben-Moshe|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=%22The+Far-Right+and+the+2005+Cronulla+Riots+in+Sydney%22&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b-ab|title=The Far-Right and the 2005 Cronulla Riots in Sydney|date=2006|accessdate=17 May 2018}} 41. ^{{cite web|author1=Ewin Hannan|author2=Richard Baker|title=Nationalists boast of their role on the beach|url=https://www.theage.com.au/news/national/nationalists-boast-of-their-role/2005/12/12/1134236003135.html|date=13 December 2005|accessdate=17 May 2018}} 42. ^"Campus racism rises" by Sarah Price, The Sydney Morning Herald, 29 August 2004 43. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/no-apology-for-white-australia-policy/2008/01/11/1199988590134.html |title=No Apology For White Australia Policy |last1=West|first1=Andrew|date=29 February 2004|work=Sydney Morning Herald|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=4 February 2013}} 44. ^1 {{citation|title=I was a teenage fascist, pp.283,284,289|first=David|last=Greason|year=1994|publisher=McPhee Gribble}} 45. ^{{cite web|last=Roberts|first=Greg|title=Cronulla candidate campaigns for race hatred|work=The Australian|date=5 January 2007|page=4|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/cronulla-candidate-campaigns-for-race-hatred/story-e6frg6nf-1111112783927|accessdate=2011-05-18}} 46. ^{{cite web|last=Jensen|first=Erik|title=We have infiltrated party: KKK|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|publisher=Fairfax|format=reprint|date=10 July 2009|page=1|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/we-have-infiltrated-party-kkk-20090709-der4.html|archiveurl=http://www.smh.com.au/national/we-have-infiltrated-party-kkk-20090709-der4.html|archivedate=2009-07-10|accessdate=2009-07-10}} 47. ^{{cite web|last=Robson|first=Peter|title=Racist campaign leaflets condemned|work=Green Left Weekly|publisher=Socialist Alliance|format=online|date=24 July 2010|url=http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/44879|archiveurl=http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/44879|archivedate=2010-07-24|accessdate=2010-07-31}} 48. ^{{cite news|title=Racist leaflets not ours: Australia First |work=ABC Online |publisher=ABC |date=27 July 2010 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/07/22/2961597.htm |accessdate=2010-07-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725185249/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/07/22/2961597.htm|archivedate=25 July 2010 |deadurl=no}} 49. ^{{cite news|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/police-swoop-on-right-wing-troll-over-alleged-violent-threats-20190321-p51671.html|title=Police swoop on right-wing troll over alleged violent threats|first1=Nick|last1=McKenzie|first2=Richard|last2=Baker|date=22 March 2019|accessdate=23 March 2019}} External links
16 : Anti-immigration politics in Oceania|Antisemitism in Australia|Antisemitism|Australian nationalism|Australian white nationalists|1996 establishments in Australia|2002 establishments in Australia|Political parties established in 1996|Far-right political parties in Australia|Organizations that oppose same-sex marriage|Neo-Nazi political parties|Opposition to Islam in Australia|Racism in Australia|Social conservative parties|Youth wings of political parties in Australia|White nationalism in Australia |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。