| 词条 | Balclutha (1886) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HistoryBalclutha was built in 1886 by Charles Connell and Company of Scotstoun in Glasgow, Scotland, for Robert McMillan, of Dumbarton, Scotland. Her namesake is said to be the eponymous town of Balclutha, New Zealand, but her name also refers to her first homeport, Glasgow, Scotland, which is a "City on the Clyde" - the meaning of her name derived from the Gaelic Baile Chluaidh. Designed as a general trader, Balclutha rounded Cape Horn 17 times in thirteen years. During this period she carried cargoes such as wine, case oil, and coal from Europe and the East Coast of the United States to various ports in the Pacific. These included Chile for nitrate, Australia and New Zealand for wool, Burma for rice, San Francisco for grain, and the Pacific Northwest for timber. In 1899 Balclutha transferred to the registry of Hawaii, and traded timber from the Pacific Northwest to Australia, returning to San Francisco with Australian coal. In 1902 Balclutha was chartered to the Alaska Packers' Association (APA). After having struck a reef off of Sitkinak Island near Kodiak Island on 16 May 1904, she was renamed the Star of Alaska when bought by APA for merely $500. After extended repairs she joined the salmon fishing trade, sailing north from the San Francisco area to the Chignik Bay, Alaska, in April with supplies, fishermen, and cannery workers, and returned in September with a cargo of canned salmon. For this trade she carried over 200 crew and passengers, as compared to the 26-man crew she carried as the Balclutha. In 1911 the poop deck was extended to the main mast to accommodate Italian and Scandinavian workers. This expansion is called the shelter deck. In the 'tween deck, bunks for Chinese workers were built. Her last voyage in this trade was in 1930, when she then was laid up after her return home. In 1933, Star of Alaska was renamed Pacific Queen by her new owner Frank Kissinger. In this guise she appeared in the film Mutiny on the Bounty starring Clark Gable and Charles Laughton. She then eked out an existence as an exhibition ship, gradually deteriorating, and was for a while exhibited as a "pirate ship". In 1954, Pacific Queen was acquired by the San Francisco Maritime Museum, which restored her and renamed her Balclutha and moored her at Pier 41 East.[2] In 1985 she was designated a National Historic Landmark.[3][4] In 1988,[5] she was moved to her present mooring at Hyde Street Pier of the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park. She is host to a monthly Chantey Sing in the shelter deck[6] 8pm to midnight on the first Saturday of every month. Image gallerySee also
Sources1. ^1 {{NRISref|2008a}} 2. ^Balclutha - photosecrets.com 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1594&ResourceType=Structure |title=BALCLUTHA |accessdate=2008-06-25 |work=National Historic Landmark summary listing |publisher=National Park Service |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114222253/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1594&ResourceType=Structure |archivedate=14 November 2007 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web |url={{NHLS url|id=76000178}} |format=pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Sailing Ship Balclutha / Balclutha (ex Star of Alaska, ex Pacific Queen) |date=30 December 1983 |first=James P. |last=Delgado |authorlink=James P. Delgado |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=2012-08-23}} and {{cite web |url={{NHLS url|id=76000178|photos=y}} |format=pdf |title=Accompanying photos, exterior and interior |date=30 December 1983 |first=James P. |last=Delgado |authorlink=James P. Delgado |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=2012-08-23}} 5. ^1988 - Balclutha arrives at Aquatic Park for permanent berthing at the Hyde Street Pier - dolphinclub.org 6. ^Chantey Sing at Hyde Street Pier Free Admission, call 415-561-7171
External links{{Commons category|Balclutha (ship, 1886)}}
16 : San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park|Tall ships of the United Kingdom|Tall ships of the United States|Victorian-era merchant ships of the United Kingdom|Museum ships in San Francisco|Individual sailing vessels|Windjammers|Three-masted ships|National Historic Landmarks in the San Francisco Bay Area|Vessels of the American Sail Training Association|Ships built on the River Clyde|1886 ships|National Register of Historic Places in San Francisco|Ships on the National Register of Historic Places in California|Full-rigged ships|Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco |
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