| 词条 | Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme |
| 释义 |
| name = O'Higgins Station | official_name = Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = Antarctic base | image_skyline = Bernardo O'Higgins Station 100 9866.jpg | imagesize = 300 | image_caption = The Chilean base Bernardo O'Higgins Station | image_flag = | flag_size = 110px | flag_border = no | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | mapsize = 350px | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Antarctica | pushpin_map_alt = Location of O'Higgins Station in Antarctica | pushpin_map_caption = Location of O'Higgins Station in Antarctica | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = {{coord|63.320947|S|57.899677|W|format=dms|region:AQ|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|Chile}} | subdivision_type1 = Location in Antarctica | subdivision_name1 = Cape Legoupil Trinity Peninsula | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Administered by | subdivision_name3 = Instituto Antártico Chileno | established_title = Established | established_date = {{start date|1948|2|18|df=y}} | extinct_title = | extinct_date = | named_for = Bernardo O'Higgins | etymology = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = | area_rural_footnotes = | area_metro_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_total_ha = | area_land_ha = | area_water_ha = | area_urban_ha = | area_rural_ha = | area_metro_ha = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank2_ha = | length_km = | width_km = | dimensions_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 13 | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = {{bulleted list|Summer: 44|Winter: 16}} | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | population_demonym = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | blank_name_sec1 = Type | blank_info_sec1 = All-year round | blank1_name_sec1 = Period | blank1_info_sec1 = Annual | blank2_name_sec1 = Status | blank2_info_sec1 = Operational | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = | footnotes = }} Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, also Base Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, or shortly Bernardo O'Higgins, named after Bernardo O'Higgins, is a permanently staffed Chilean research station in Antarctica and the capital of Antártica Commune. It lies at {{coord|63|19|15|S|57|53|55|W}}, at an elevation of 13 m, about 30 km south-west of Prime Head, the northernmost point of the Antarctic Peninsula, at Cape Legoupil. HistoryThe base was established on 18 February 1948 by the Chilean Antarctic Expedition, and is one of the Antarctic bases with the longest times of continuous operation. The winter population is 16, and the peak population in the Antarctic summer is usually 44, although up to 60 persons can be accommodated. The base is operated by the Chilean Army. It is also known as Puerto Covadonga after the port on which it is located.[5] The German Antarctic Receiving Station (GARS) was established at O'Higgins in 1991 by the DLR. It is a satellite ground station sited in Antarctica to enable reception of data from satellite-based sensors within the south polar region that might otherwise be lost. High bandwidth sensors such as SAR generate too much data to be stored on board the satellite for transmission to ground stations elsewhere. GARS was sited at O'Higgins because of the geology, infrastructure and accessibility of the base. Historic siteThe O’Higgins Historic Site on Cape Legoupil comprises structures of historical significance:
It was designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 37), following a proposal by Chile to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.[6] ClimateBernardo O'Higgins Base experiences a borderline polar tundra climate (Köppen ET) that is extremely close to a polar ice cap climate (Köppen EF). Average annual precipitation amounts to {{convert|771|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}, and is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, typically peaking marginally during the austral spring. Temperatures are frigid all year-round; the warmest month is January with an average monthly temperature of {{convert|1|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, while the coldest month is July with an average monthly temperature of {{convert|-9|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. {{Weather box|location = Bernardo O'Higgins Base (Chile), Antarctica (1961–1990, extremes 1953–present) |single line = y |metric first = y | Jan record high C = 12.0 | Feb record high C = 10.0 | Mar record high C = 11.4 | Apr record high C = 5.0 | May record high C = 11.5 | Jun record high C = 10.6 | Jul record high C = 7.0 | Aug record high C = 12.8 | Sep record high C = 14.0 | Oct record high C = 9.2 | Nov record high C = 9.2 | Dec record high C = 10.0 |year record high C = 14.0 |Jan mean C = 0.5 |Feb mean C = 0.1 |Mar mean C = -1.4 |Apr mean C = -4.1 |May mean C = -6.3 |Jun mean C = -8.0 |Jul mean C = -8.5 |Aug mean C = -8.4 |Sep mean C = -5.6 |Oct mean C = -3.5 |Nov mean C = -1.7 |Dec mean C = 0.1 |year mean C = -3.9 | Jan record low C = -10.1 | Feb record low C = -14.0 | Mar record low C = -20.0 | Apr record low C = -25.0 | May record low C = -30.0 | Jun record low C = -34.2 | Jul record low C = -34.4 | Aug record low C = -33.2 | Sep record low C = -29.2 | Oct record low C = -26.0 | Nov record low C = -15.0 | Dec record low C = -10.6 |year record low C = -34.4 |Jan precipitation mm = 28.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 64.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 74.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 78.0 |May precipitation mm = 66.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 50.7 |Jul precipitation mm = 65.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 67.2 |Sep precipitation mm = 87.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 87.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 61.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 38.7 |year precipitation mm = 770.5 |Jan humidity = 81 |Feb humidity = 84 |Mar humidity = 83 |Apr humidity = 81 |May humidity = 84 |Jun humidity = 82 |Jul humidity = 82 |Aug humidity = 81 |Sep humidity = 82 |Oct humidity = 81 |Nov humidity = 80 |Dec humidity = 81 |year humidity = 82 |Jan sun = 105 |Feb sun = 83 |Mar sun = 35 |Apr sun = 28 |May sun = 18 |Jun sun = 11 |Jul sun = 15 |Aug sun = 29 |Sep sun = 46 |Oct sun = 73 |Nov sun = 92 |Dec sun = 111 |year sun = 646 |source 1 = NOAA[7] |source 2 = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (extremes),[8] Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990)[9]{{efn|Station ID for Base Bernardo O'Higgins is 89059 Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration}} |date = February 2014}} See also{{Infobox airport| name = O'Higgins Skiway | ensign = | ensign_size = | ensign_alt = | nativename = | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | image = | image-width = | image_alt = | caption = | image2 = | image2-width = | image2_alt = | caption2 = | IATA = | ICAO = | FAA = | TC = | LID = | GPS = | WMO = | type = Private | owner-oper = | owner = | operator = | city-served = | location = General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme Station | opened = | closed = | passenger_services_ceased = | hub = | focus_city = | built = | used = | commander = | occupants = | timezone = | utc = | summer = | utcs = | elevation-f = 648 | elevation-m = 198 | metric-elev = | coordinates = {{coord|63.342759|S|57.823152|W|format=dms|display=inline}} | website = | image_map = | image_mapsize = | image_map_alt = | image_map_caption = | pushpin_map = Antarctica | pushpin_mapsize = 270 | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of airfield in Antarctica | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_image = | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_marksize = | r1-number = | r1-length-f = 2,625 | r1-length-m = 800 | r1-surface = Ice | r2-number = | r2-length-f = | r2-length-m = | r2-surface = | metric-rwy = | h1-number = | h1-length-f = | h1-length-m = | h1-surface = | stat-year = | footnotes = }}
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^ tags -->| area_footnotes = | area_urban_footnotes = |