“Draft:It Will Be Chaos (2018 film)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

It Will Be Chaos (Italian: Sarà il caos) is an HBO documentary on the European Refugee Crisis directed by US-based Italian filmmakers Lorena Luciano and Filippo Piscopo.

The film debuted at the 2018 Seattle Film Festival^[1] and went on to an AFI Docs screening^[2] in Washington DC before hitting the international festival circuit. It won the Best Directing Award^[3] at the 2018 Taormina Film Festival,^[4] and has been shortlisted for the 2019 David di Donatello Awards^[5]- the Italian equivalent of the Academy Awards. In the US, the film premiered on HBO^[6] on June 18, 2018 during the week of World Refugee Day. Translated into over 10 languages, the documentary has been distributed worldwide.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Overview

It Will be Chaos is a comprehensive, yet intimate portrait of lives in transit and the human consequences of the refugee crisis spanning the Mediterranean, told through the stories of asylum seekers fleeing war and repression, as well as through the local populations left to cope with the overwhelming influx of newcomers while facing their own economic woes.

The film features two refugee stories of human strength and resilience unfolding in Europe and along the Balkan route. The journey of Eritrean shipwreck survivor Aregai, fleeing repression and deprivation and trying to reach Sweden in his quest for political asylum, is intertwined with the perils of a Syrian family of six fleeing Damascus and determined to obtain freedom in Germany.

Aregal survives a horrific shipwreck just off the coast of the Italian island of Lampedusa, on October 3rd, 2013,^[10]^[11] that takes the lives of 367 migrants, including his three cousins, only to become ensnared in Italy’s faltering immigration system. Rescued by local fishermen^[12]^[13] after the tragedy, he eventually escapes the harrowing treatment of immigrants and embarks on a new journey to reach Sweden’s underground.

Elsewhere, Syrian refugee Wael Orfahli fights to get his wife, Doha, his four young children and two nephews to Germany, navigating the long Balkan trek from Turkey through Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia, Hungary and Austria. A few months later, the E.U. seals its borders, leaving thousands of asylum seekers stranded in Turkey.^[14]^[15]

The film’s 5-year trajectory plunges the audience onto a harrowing road trip through multiple epicenters of the escalating migrant crisis: border islands overwhelmed by the influx of asylum seekers such as Lampedusa, headed by Mayor Giusi Nicolini;^[16]^[17] model migrant towns like Riace^[18] in the poorest Italian regions where mayors must answer to refugees given the central government's inaction, Europe’s largest prison-like migrant centers such as Crotone where refugees’ frustration erupts into riots;^[19] humanitarian corridors such as the Balkan route;^[20]^[21] and forgotten corners of major cities like Rome with asylum seekers squatting in crumbling government buildings.^[22]^[23]

The film captures in real time the escalating tension between newcomers and locals, as troubling anti-immigrant populisms rise all around Europe calling for an end to immigration.^[24]

Reception

After its premiere at US and international festivals and on HBO,^[25] It Will Be Chaos received positive reviews from major US and international publications praising the film’s human, artistic, and political urgency as countries around the world slam their borders shut. The Guardian US called it “harrowing and timely” given America’s “own draconian posture toward immigrants … One of the more disturbing depictions yet of a crisis.”^[26] The Los Angeles Times praised the film for exploring “the micro and macro implications of the refugee crisis … through the personal plight of asylum seekers.”^[27] “We see practically everything from the migrants' point of view”, remarked the Hollywood Reporter,^[28] adding that “though it doesn't explicitly advocate any particular governmental policies, those who make such policies would do well to see it.”^[28] The Boston Globe highlighted that “Luciano and Piscopo examine individual stories of tragedy and sacrifice and give names and faces to an ongoing catastrophe often regarded merely as an abstraction or as a political talking point.”^[29] The film was also covered by popular radio and podcasts such as Sirius XM's "Stand Up with Pete Dominick"^[30]^[31] and "Think Again."^[32]

In the interview with the Guardian US, Filippo Piscopo said: “When we started witnessing the crisis from here, as Italian residents in the US, we decided to fly to Lampedusa to meet with the main players: the refugees, the fishermen, the locals, the humanitarian organizations on site. And we realized that this crisis was way more complex than we thought and than the media was portraying it.”^[26]

In an interview with Rolling Stone Italy, Lorena Luciano said: “We started from the epicenter of the crisis in Lampedusa and then we moved on to the other refugee scenarios to raise awareness that this is a worldwide crisis, which will turn into chaos if not properly managed.”^[34]

Outreach - Engagement - Festivals

In June 2018, film clips from “It Will Be Chaos” were the centerpiece of the public hearing “Addressing Criminalization of Refugees and Impunity of Human Trafficking”^[35] at the European Parliament as EU leaders were meeting in Brussels to discuss migration. The screening, organized by EEPA,^[36] a Belgian non-governmental organization, was aimed to shorten the distance between lawmaking behind closed-doors and ground-level awareness of the crisis unfolding on and beyond critical borders.

In July 2018, when Italy’s anti-immigrant Interior Minister Matteo Salvini shut ports to refugee rescue ships,^[37] “It Will Be Chaos” won the Best Directing Award at the 64th Taormina Film Festival.^[3] The prize, a courageous statement in response to a highly divisive measure that split public opinion all over Europe,^[38] was deliberated for the first time in the history of the festival by an All-Female Jury headed by American film producer Martha De Laurentiis,^[39] and bestowed to directors Luciano and Piscopo by Academy Award nominee film producer Donatella Palermo.

In their acceptance speech for the Taormina Arte Award, Luciano and Piscopo highlighted the coincidence that their refugee film was awarded at the Greek theater in Taormina, itself a historic example of cultural diversity across continents and regions going back many centuries. “This 2300-year old amphitheater is itself a historic reminder that for civilizations to survive, it is crucial that populations move, help each other, and contaminate each other. Let’s open the ports and save lives!”^[40]

Three months later, right before the film screened at the 2018 Milan Film Festival,^[41] Riace’s mayor Domenico Lucano was arrested on suspicion of “aiding illegal immigration.”^[42]^[43] Lucano, one of the world’s 50 most inspirational personalities according to Fortune magazine,^[44] is featured in It Will Be Chaos for turning his dying town in a model of integration by welcoming refugees. The following day, the film plays to a sold out 400-seat theater in Milan, Italy with a Q&A moderated by the NGO NAGA,^[45] contributing to a grassroots movement that ultimately leads to Lucano’s release from house arrest.^[46]

In Italy, the film launched on SKY Atlantic on October 7th, 2018, with extensive and in-depth press coverage by major media outlets such as SKY NEWS,^[47]^[48]^[49] RAI Italian Public TV (RAI News 24),^[50] RAI Italian Radio,^[51] La Repubblica,^[52] Corriere della Sera, Avvenire,^[53] and Rolling Stone Italy.^[34]

Since then, IT WILL BE CHAOS continues its run on the international festival circuit, as well as at Universities in the US^[54] and abroad.^[55]

Background - Directors notes

In the Director's statement submitted to various international festivals and awards, Luciano and Piscopo tell how 'It Will Be Chaos' was conceived in 2011 at the height of the Arab Spring. As Italians based in New York wearing two hats as independent filmmakers and news producers for RAI Italian Public Television, they were struck by the arrivals of countless boats overloaded with migrants crossing the Mediterranean to reach Italy. Having access to all the news feeds as part of their day job, they were appalled to see their home country portrayed as under siege, most media outlets filled with images of a tsunami of migrants coming from the sea to enter Europe. Worried that this single-angle approach to the crisis would feed the populist movements’ xenophobia, Luciano and Piscopo felt compelled to tell a more complex story that would explore the micro and macro implications of the unfolding refugee crisis.

When they first traveled to Southern Italy, their main goal (and initial challenge) was to identify the deeper story and give a voice to all the players impacted by the crisis. They spent one year to build relationships of trust that would later allow them to access the court system, to film the refugees indicted for illegal immigration, to enter the local city halls with mayors torn between their constituency and the newcomers, and the homes of the locals impacted by the arrivals.

Luciano and Piscopo recall, in the same Director’s notes, that when the tragic 2013 Lampedusa shipwreck happened, in which 367 refugees drowned in the span of a few hours, the challenge grew even bigger. In the midst of such sorrow, collective trauma, and media frenzy, their dilemma was how to frame the story without exploiting the human suffering, how to respect the survivors’ grief but make sure to bear witness to their cause.

When the filmmakers meet Eritrean survivor Aregai, and gain his trust, they start documenting his new journey underground to Sweden. After he is charged in court with the crime of illegal immigration and escapes the Italian migrant detention center, they realize that his journey allows them to show the unfolding crisis in the EU in real time and to shape the mosaic they had in mind.

Fast forward to 2015. The crisis, now of epic proportions, shifts to the Balkan route, bolstering nationalist parties all over Europe. Emanuela Calabrini, UN Officer for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in New York, introduces the filmmakers to human rights advocate Sara Bergamaschi,^[56] who offers to connect them with Syrian asylum seeker Wael Orfahli. Wael, with his wife and four young children, is stranded in Turkey waiting to embark on the dangerous sea crossing to Europe. Few months earlier, Sara had helped Wael’s youngest brother Thair Orfahli to safely reach Germany. Not knowing how the Syrian chapter would ever play out in the film, and with only few days to decide what to do, the filmmakers embark on yet another trip. Embedded with thousands of refugees heading to Northern Europe, they travel through 10 different countries to follow Wael’s family from Turkey to Germany, with Sara as associate producer.

Filming Wael, Doha and their four young children along the Balkan route, according to the directors notes, was no easy task. Traveling embedded with them through barbed-wire borders, hopping on refugee trains, sleeping in refugee camps, negotiating passage with military guards, not to mention the rare breaks for sleeping and eating, was extremely taxing. The result was a multi-character story plunging the audience into the middle of the crisis as it unfolded in real time.

References

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