“Bauhinia”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Bauhinia {{IPAc-en|b|oʊ|ˈ|h|ɪ|n|i|ə}}^[3] is a genus of more than 500 species of flowering plants in the subfamily Cercidoideae^[4] and tribe Bauhinieae,^[5] in the large flowering plant family Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution. The genus was named after the Bauhin brothers Gaspard and Johann, Swiss-French botanists.

Many species are widely planted in the tropics as orchid trees, particularly in India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and southeastern China. Other common names include mountain ebony and kachnar (India and Pakistan). Before the family was reorganised,^[4] a number of genera including the lianas Lasiobema and Phanera were placed here (see related genera).

In the United States, the trees grow in Hawaii, coastal California, Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. Bauhinia ×blakeana is the floral emblem of Hong Kong—a stylized orchid tree flower appears on the flag of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Airlines uses 'Bauhinia' as its radio callsign in air traffic communication.

Description

Bauhinia trees typically reach a height of 6–12 m and their branches spread 3–6 m outwards. The lobed leaves usually are 10–15 cm across.

The five-petaled flowers are 7.5–12.5 cm diameter, generally in shades of red, pink, purple, orange, or yellow, and are often fragrant. The tree begins flowering in late winter and often continues to flower into early summer. Depending on the species, Bauhinia flowers are usually in magenta, mauve, pink or white hues with crimson highlights.

Cultivation

Propagation of Bauhinia species is from seeds or cuttings. They thrive in alkaline soils and do not tolerate salty conditions. Full sun exposure is preferred but they can be grown under partial sun. Generous watering is needed during summer; moderate moisture required in winter.

Species

Accepted species

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

Hybrids

Fossils

Segregated Genera

Species in the genera Barklya, Gigasiphon, Lasiobema, Lysiphyllum, Phanera, Piliostigma, Schnella, and Tylosema are sometimes included in Bauhinia (sensu lato).

Gallery

References

1. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?1337 |title=Genus: Bauhinia L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2007-03-29 |accessdate=2010-12-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503085928/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?1337 |archivedate=2012-05-03 |df= }}
2. ^{{cite journal | title = Reorganization of the Cercideae (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) | year = 2010 | author = Wunderlin RP. | journal = Phytoneuron | volume = 48 | pages = 1–5 | url = http://www.phytoneuron.net/PhytoN-Cercideae.pdf }}
3. ^Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607; OED: "Bauhinia"
4. ^¹{{cite journal | author = The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG). | year = 2017 | title = A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny | journal = Taxon | volume = 66 | issue = 1 | pages = 44–77 | url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/iapt/tax/2017/00000066/00000001/art00004 | doi = 10.12705/661.3}}
5. ^{{cite journal | title = The genus Bauhinia s.l. (Leguminosae): a phylogeny based on the plastid trnL–trnF region | year = 2009 |vauthors=Sinou C, Forest F, Lewis GP, Bruneau A | journal = Botany | volume = 87 | issue = 10 | pages = 947–960 | doi = 10.1139/B09-065 }}
6. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.ildis.org | title = ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Bauhinia | author = | website = International Legume Database & Information Service | publisher = Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics | accessdate = 8 May 2014 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140517100307/http://www.ildis.org/ | archivedate = 17 May 2014 | df = }}
7. ^¹{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1337 | title = GRIN species records of Bauhinia | authors = USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program | date = | website = Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database] | publisher = National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland | accessdate = 5 May 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095645/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1337 | archive-date = 2015-09-24 | dead-url = yes | df = }}
8. ^¹{{cite web | url = http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Leguminosae/Bauhinia/ | title = The Plant List entry for Bauhinia | date = 2013 | website = The Plant List | publisher = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden | accessdate = 5 May 2014 }}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Anacacho Orchid Tree—Bauhinia congesta |url=https://www.austintreeexperts.com/blog/anacacho-orchid-tree-bauhinia-congesta |website=austintreeexperts.com |accessdate=8 January 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108234112/https://www.austintreeexperts.com/blog/anacacho-orchid-tree-bauhinia-congesta/ |archivedate=8 January 2015 |df= }}
10. ^¹{{cite journal | author = Wang Q, Song Z, Chen Y, Shen S, Li Z. | year = 2014 | title = Leaves and fruits of Bauhinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China and their biogeographic implications | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 14 | pages = 88 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-14-88 | pmid = 24758153 | pmc = 4101841}}
11. ^{{cite book | author = Bell W-A. | year = 1963 | title = Upper Cretaceous Floras of the Dunvegan, Bad Heart, and Milk River Formations of Western Canada | edition = 94th | location = Canada | publisher = Dept. of Mines and Technical Surveys}}
12. ^{{cite journal | author = Jacques FMB, Shi GL, Su T, Zhou ZK. | year = 2015 | title = A tropical forest of the middle Miocene of Fujian (SE China) reveals Sino-Indian biogeographic affinities | journal = Rev Palaeobot Palynol | volume = 216 | pages = 76–91 | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666715000378 | doi = 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.02.001}}
13. ^{{cite book | author = Bell W-A. | year = 1957 | title = Flora of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group of Vancouver Island | location = British Columbia | publisher = E. Cloutier | pages = 1–84 | url = http://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/11368bff-ed80-556e-929c-3b5d14d75bb2 | doi = 10.4095/101457}}
14. ^{{cite book | author = Tao J-R, Zhou Z-K, Liu Y-S. | year = 2000 | title = The Evolution of the Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic floras in China | publisher = Science Press | location = Beijing | url = https://www.chinascientificbooks.com/the-evolution-of-the-late-cretaceouscenozoic-floras-in-china-p-656/}}
15. ^{{cite journal | author = Chen Y-F, Zhang D-X. | year = 2005 | title = Bauhinia larsenii, a fossil legume from Guangxi, China | journal = Bot J Linn Soc | volume = 147 | issue = 4 | pages = 437–440 | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00373.x}}
16. ^{{cite journal | author = Berry E-W. | year = 1917 | title = Fossil plants from Bolivia and their bearing upon the age of uplift of the eastern Andes | journal = Proc US Natl Mus | volume = 54 | issue = 2229 | pages = 103–164 | url = https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/15029 | doi = 10.5479/si.00963801.54-2229.103}}
17. ^{{cite journal | author = Eisenmann V. | year = 1994 | title = Equidae of the Albertine rift valley, Uganda | journal = Geol Paleobiol Albertine Rift Valley, Uganda-Zaire | volume = 2 | pages = 289–307}}
18. ^{{cite journal | author = Lin YX, Wong WO, Shi GL, Shen S, Li ZY. | year = 2015 | title = Bilobate leaves of Bauhinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) from the middle Miocene of Fujian Province, southeastern China and their biogeographic implications | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 15 | pages = 252 | doi = 10.1186/s12862-015-0540-9| pmid = 26572133 | pmc = 4647482 }}
19. ^{{cite journal | author = Meng HH, Jacques FM, Su T, Huang YJ, Zhang ST, Ma HJ, Zhou ZK. | year = 2014 | title = New biogeographic insight into Bauhinia s.l. (Leguminosae): Integration from fossil records and molecular analyses | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 14 | pages = 181 | doi = 10.1186/s12862-014-0181-4 | pmid = 25288346 | pmc = 4360257}}
20. ^{{cite journal | author = Knowlton F-H. | year = 1899 | title = Fossil flora of the Yellowstone National Park | journal = US Geol Surv Mon | volume = 32 | pages = 651–791}}
21. ^{{cite journal | author = Wilf P. | year = 2000 | title = Late Paleocene–early Eocene climate changes in southwestern Wyoming: Paleobotanical analysis | journal = Geol Soc Am Bull | volume = 112 | issue = 2 | pages = 292–307 | url = http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/112/2/292 | doi = 10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<292:LPECCI>2.0.CO;2}}