释义 |
- Incumbents
- Events Undated
- Publications
- Births
- Deaths
- References
- External links
- See also
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2013}}{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} 1865 in the United Kingdom {{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} }} | Other years}} | 1863 {{!}} 1864 {{!}} 1865 {{!}} 1866 {{!}} 1867 }} | |
Sport}} | 1865 English cricket season}} |
Events from the year 1865 in the United Kingdom. Incumbents- Monarch – Victoria
- Prime Minister – Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal) (until 18 October); John Russell, 1st Earl Russell (Liberal) (starting 29 October)
- Parliament – 18th (until 6 July)
Events- 4 April – official opening of Crossness Pumping Station, a major landmark in completion of the new London sewerage system designed by Joseph Bazalgette for the Metropolitan Board of Works.[1]
- 28 May – the Mimosa sets sail, carrying Welsh emigrants to Patagonia.
- June–August – Francis Galton formulates eugenics.[1]
- 4 June – the lyrics of the hymn "Onward, Christian Soldiers", written by Sabine Baring-Gould as "Hymn for Procession with Cross and Banners", are first sung by children processing to St Peter's Church, Horbury, in the West Riding of Yorkshire.[2]
- 9 June – Staplehurst rail crash in Kent: 10 killed, 49 injured; Charles Dickens is amongst the survivors.
- 25 June – James Hudson Taylor founds the China Inland Mission at Brighton.
- 26 June – Jumbo, a young male African elephant, arrives at London Zoo and becomes a popular attraction.
- 29 June – new Poor Law Act improves conditions in workhouses.[4]
- 2 July – the Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London by William and Catherine Booth.[1][3]
- 4 July – Lewis Carroll's children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is published by Macmillan in London for Daresbury-born Oxford don Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Carroll),[4][5] three years after it was first narrated to Alice Liddell and her sisters. He and his illustrator, John Tenniel, withdraw this edition[6] and the first trade editions are published on November 26 and released in December (dated 1866).
- 5 July – first speed limit is introduced in Britain by the Locomotive Act – 2 mph in town and 4 mph in the country.[3]
- 14 July – a party led by Edward Whymper makes the first ascent of the Matterhorn.[4]
- 23 July – the {{SS|Great Eastern}} departs on a voyage to lay a transatlantic telegraph cable.[4]
- 11-24 July – general election won by the Liberal Party led by Lord Palmerston.[7]
- September – John Henry Walsh (writing as 'Stonehenge' in the magazine The Field) gives the first definition of a dog breed standard (for the pointer) based on physical form.[8]
- 28 September – Elizabeth Garrett Anderson graduates as Britain's first woman doctor.[3]
- 11 October – Morant Bay rebellion: An unsuccessful uprising against British rule at Morant Bay, Jamaica, is brutally suppressed with 400 rebels executed.[5]
- 29 October – Lord John Russell becomes Prime Minister following the death of Lord Palmerston on 18 October.[4]
- 6 November – American Civil War: Surrender to HMS Donegal at Liverpool of the Confederate commerce raider CSS Shenandoah.
- 11 November – Duar War with Bhutan ends with the Treaty of Sinchula, in which Bhutan cedes control of its southern passes to Britain in return for an annual subsidy.[4]
- 16 December – Edward John Eyre, governor of Jamaica, dismissed and censured for his excessive actions during the suppression of the recent rebellion.[5]
Undated- James Clerk Maxwell publishes A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.[4]
- Joseph Lister discovers the sterilising effects of carbolic acid.[4]
- Major outbreak of rinderpest in British cattle.
- Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation founded in Hong Kong by Thomas Sutherland.[4]
- Gladiateur wins the English Triple Crown by finishing first in the Epsom Derby, 2,000 Guineas and St Leger.
Publications- Lewis Carroll's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
- Charles Dickens' novel Our Mutual Friend (publication concludes).[5]
- Robert Smith Surtees' novel Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds (posthumous).
- A. C. Swinburne's narrative poem Atalanta in Calydon.
- Anthony Trollope's novel Can You Forgive Her? (publication concludes).
Births- 23 January – Connie Gilchrist, child actress and model (died 1946)
- 9 April – Adela Florence Nicolson ('Laurence Hope'), poet (suicide 1904)
- 2 June – George Lohmann, cricketer (died 1901)
- 3 June – Prince George of Wales, later George V (died 1936)
- 15 July – Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, newspaper and publishing magnate (died 1922)
- 12 October – Arthur Harden, chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1940)
- 20 October – Sir Rhys Rhys-Williams, 1st Baronet, judge (died 1955)
- 27 October – Tinsley Lindley, footballer (died 1940)
- 4 December – Edith Cavell, nurse (executed 1915)[9]
- 30 December – Rudyard Kipling, writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1936)
Deaths- 6 February – Mrs Isabella Beeton, writer on household management and cookery (born 1836)
- 11 March – Robert Hermann Schomburgk, explorer (born 1804 in Freiburg)
- 2 April – John Cassell, publisher and entrepreneur (born 1817)
- 30 April – Robert FitzRoy, meteorologist and admiral (born 1805; suicide)
- 27 May – Charles Waterton, naturalist and explorer (born 1782)
- 8 June – Joseph Paxton, gardener and architect (born 1803)
- 25 July – Dr James Barry, military surgeon, revealed on death to be a woman, probably Margaret Ann Bulkley (born 1789-1799)
- 12 August – William Jackson Hooker, botanist (born 1785)
- 9 September – William Henry Smyth, astronomer and admiral (born 1788)
- 18 October – Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister (born 1784)
- 1 November – John Lindley, botanist (born 1799)
- 8 November – Thomas Sayers, boxer (born 1826)
- 12 November – Mrs Elizabeth Gaskell, novelist and biographer (born 1810)
References1. ^{{cite journal|first=Francis|last=Galton|url=http://www.mugu.com/galton/essays/1860-1869/galton-1865-hereditary-talent.pdf|title=Hereditary talent and character|journal=Macmillan's Magazine|volume=12|year=1865|pages=157–166, 318–327|accessdate=12 May 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604212656/http://www.mugu.com/galton/essays/1860-1869/galton-1865-hereditary-talent.pdf|archivedate=4 June 2007|deadurl=no|df=}} 2. ^{{cite book|first=Ian|last=Bradley|authorlink=Ian Bradley|title=The Book of Hymns|location=New York|publisher=Testament Books|year=1989|page=333}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book|chapter=1865|title=The People's Chronology|editor=Everett, Jason M.|publisher=Thomson Gale|year=2006}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|author2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|page=286|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=The Works of Charles Dodgson: Alice|url=http://lewiscarrollsociety.org.uk/pages/aboutcharlesdodgson/works/alice.html|publisher=The Lewis Carroll Society|date=2014-09-20|accessdate=2014-10-21}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/guide19/timeline47.html|title=Time traveller's guide to Victorian Britain|publisher=Channel 4|accessdate=12 May 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615014855/http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/guide19/timeline47.html|archivedate=15 June 2007|deadurl=no|df=}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=First modern dog discovered|url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/news/display/?id=9636|publisher=University of Manchester|date=6 March 2013|accessdate=2013-03-07}} 9. ^{{cite web |title=Forgotten Women: Edith Cavell, the war hero nurse who became a spy |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/edith-cavell-forgotten-women-war-hero-nurse-spy-she-a8517001.html |website=The Independent |accessdate=4 December 2018 |language=en}}
External linksSee also{{UK year nav}}{{Year in Europe|1865}} 2 : 1865 in the United Kingdom|Years of the 19th century in the United Kingdom |