“List of state leaders in the 17th century”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This is a list of state leaders in the 17th century (1601–1700) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 17th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Africa: Central

Africa: East

Africa: Northcentral

Africa: Northeast

Africa: Northwest

Africa: South

Africa: West

Americas

Asia

Asia: Central

Asia: East

Asia: Southeast

Asia: South

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Europe: British Isles

Europe: Central

Europe: East

Europe: Nordic

Europe: Southcentral

Europe: Southwest

Europe: West

Eurasia: Caucasus

Oceania

References

1. ^Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910 ;page 17-19
2. ^Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
3. ^Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
4. ^C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
5. ^Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30.
6. ^C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii.
7. ^{{cite book |last=MacMichael |first=H. A. |title=A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr |url=https://archive.org/stream/ahistoryarabsin00macmgoog#page/n475/mode/1up |volume=Volume II |year=1922 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |oclc=264942362 |page=431 |chapter=Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings}}
8. ^{{cite book |last=Holt |first=Peter Malcolm |title=The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nF1hWJQusxIC&pg=PA182 |series=Islamic History and Civilization, 26 |year=1999 |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-11256-8 |pages=182–186 |chapter=Genealogical Tables and King-Lists}}
9. ^{{cite book |title=The Art of Benin Revised Edition|last=Ben-Amos |first= |year=1995 |page=32}}
10. ^The Tarikh al-Sudan states that al-Amin ruled for 7 years. The date of 1618 for the death of al-Amin and the succession of Askia Dawud II is mentioned in the Tarikh al-Sudan {{Harvnb|es-Sadi|1898–1900|p=[https://archive.org/stream/tarikhessoudanpa00sadauoft#page/341/mode/1up 341]}}
11. ^The Tarikh al-Sudan states that Dawud II ruled for 22 years.
12. ^Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 80-94.
13. ^L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.
14. ^Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls. [Rome 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, Deb T'er Dmar Po Gsarma. Rome 1971; Per K. Sørensen & Guntram Hazod, Rulers on the Celestial Plain. Wien 2007; Olaf Czaja, Medieval rule in Tibet, Vol. I-II. Wien 2013.
15. ^Giuseppe Tucci, 1949; Hugh E. Richardson, A Short History of Tibet. New York 1962.
16. ^{{cite book|author=László Karoly|title=A Turkic Medical Treatise from Islamic Central Asia: A Critical Edition of a Seventeenth-Century Chagatay Work by Subḥān Qulï Khan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2i2eBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=14 November 2014|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-28498-2|pages=5–}}
17. ^{{cite book|title=Orvostörténeti Közlemények: Communicationes de historia artis medicinae|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=taZNAQAAIAAJ&q=author+medical+treatise+born+one+last+members+famous+dynasty+ancestors+emigrated+treatise&dq=author+medical+treatise+born+one+last+members+famous+dynasty+ancestors+emigrated+treatise&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-iu3qpfTMAhWDbj4KHXRMC6gQ6AEIIjAB|year=2006|publisher=Könyvtár|page=52}}
18. ^{{cite book|author1=Nil Sarı|author2=International Society of the History of Medicine|title=Otuz Sekizinci Uluslararası Tıp Tarihi Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 1-6 Eylül 2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfHaAAAAMAAJ&q=author+medical+treatise+born+one+last+members+famous+dynasty+ancestors+emigrated+treatise&dq=author+medical+treatise+born+one+last+members+famous+dynasty+ancestors+emigrated+treatise&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-iu3qpfTMAhWDbj4KHXRMC6gQ6AEIKDAC|year=2005|publisher=Türk Tarih Kurumu|page=845}}
19. ^De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 179–84.
20. ^Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis, Sultan (1888); Truhart (2003), p. 1228–9..
21. ^Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
22. ^Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
23. ^Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
24. ^Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
25. ^Sutherland (1973–1974).
26. ^Nagtegaal (1995); Werdisastra (1996).
27. ^Nagtegaal (1996); Sutherland (1973–1974).
28. ^; L.J. van Dijk, 'De zelfbesturende landschappen in de Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden', Indische Gids 47 1925 & 56 1934.
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.royaltimor.com/Sonbai_Article.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-12-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205124/http://www.royaltimor.com/Sonbai_Article.html |archivedate=2011-07-15 |df= }}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.royaltimor.com/Sonbai_Article.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-12-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205124/http://www.royaltimor.com/Sonbai_Article.html |archivedate=2011-07-15 |df= }}
31. ^Coolhaas, W.Ph. (1923) "Kronijk van het rijk Batjan", Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 63.
32. ^The pedigree and chronology of the sultans is only partly known; see Schurhammer, F. (1973–1982) Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times, Vol. I–IV. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute; Jacobs, Hubert (1974–1984) Documenta Malucensia, Vol. I–III. Rome: Jesuit Historical Society; Fraassen, c.van (1987) Ternate, de Molukken en de Indonesische Archipel. Leiden: Leiden University (PhD Thesis).
33. ^Katoppo, Elvianus (1957) Nuku, Sulthan Sadul Djehad Muhammad el Mabus Amirudin Sjah, Kaitjili Paparangan, Sulthan Tidore. Kilatmadju Bina Budhaja; Widjojo, Muridan (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c.1780–1810. Leiden: Brill. The exact genealogy of the rulers before the mid-17th century is not known by the local historical tradition; for the known details, see Clercq, F.S.A. de (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate. Leiden: Brill.
34. ^
35. ^
36. ^
37. ^
38. ^His wife was Mary of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel) (1566–1626; daughter of Julius, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel)); their daughters were Juliane of Saxe-Lauenburg (26 December 1589–1 December 1630; m. 1 August 1627 to Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg) and Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg (24 May 1601–1 February 1660; m. 23 May 1624 to Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg).
39. ^His wife, Elisabeth Sophie of Holstein-Gottorp, was the daughter of John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. Their daughter was Anna-Elisabetha of Saxe-Lauenburg (23 August 1624–1688; m. 2 April 1665 to William Christoph, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg).