| 词条 | Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area |
| 释义 |
| name = Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area | iucn_category = | photo = Bighorn Canyon North District Snow.jpg | photo_caption = Snowfall on the Bighorn Canyon in the North District | map = USA | relief = 1 | map_caption = | location = Big Horn and Carbon counties, Montana & Big Horn County, Wyoming, USA | nearest_city = Billings, Montana | coordinates = {{coords|45|11|40|N|108|7|50|W|display=inline, title}} | area_acre = 120296.22 | area_ref = [1] | established = October 15, 1966 | visitation_num = 201,010 | visitation_year = 2011 | visitation_ref = [2] | governing_body = National Park Service | website = [https://www.nps.gov/bica/ Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area] }}Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area is a national park unit established by an act of Congress on October 15, 1966, following the construction of the Yellowtail Dam by the Bureau of Reclamation. It straddles the border between Wyoming and Montana.[3] The dam, named after the famous Crow leader Robert Yellowtail, harnesses the waters of the Bighorn River by turning that variable watercourse into Bighorn Lake.[3] The lake extends {{convert|71|mi}} through Wyoming and Montana, {{convert|55|mi}} of which lie within the national recreation area.[3] About one third of the park unit is located on the Crow Indian Reservation.[4] Nearly one-quarter of the Pryor Mountains Wild Horse Range lies within the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area.[5] Park featuresAfterbay Lake, located below Yellowtail Dam, is a popular spot for trout fishing as well as for viewing ducks, geese and other animals.[6] The Bighorn River below the Afterbay Dam is likewise a world-class trout fishing area.[6][7] In addition, the area features many archeological and historical resources.[8] Visitor centers and other developed facilities are located in Fort Smith, Montana and near Lovell, Wyoming.[3]Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area has four historic ranches within its boundaries:[9]
North of Lovell along the Sullivan Knob's Trail is one of the national recreation area's more unusual claims to fame.[21] There a visitor can stand in a certain spot on the canyon rim, shout across the canyon and then hear a "triple echo" in reply.[14] The Bad Pass Trail runs through the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area. For thousands of years, this trail was used by prehistoric indigenous peoples, who may also have been following paths made by migrating game. During the winter, the prehistoric people would travel southward on the trail to reach the caves in the canyon, where they took shelter. In the spring, they would travel northward to hunting grounds in what is now called Montana. The trail is considered a cultural or sacred site by Native Americans, and in the 21st century, no one is allowed to walk or drive on it. In the mid-19th century, fur trappers and traders known as mountain men used the trail when they were in the area. They named it as the Bad Pass Trail because of its ruggedness. Jim Bridger, a noted mountain man of this period, was the first person known to float a boat down the Bighorn River and leave a record of his trip. He said the rapids, when he made his trip in 1825, seemed to charge the water like "foam." See also
References1. ^{{NPS area |year=2011 |accessdate=2012-12-16}} 2. ^{{NPS visitation|accessdate=2012-12-26}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Management: Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/bica/parkmgmt/index.htm |accessdate=2013-11-25}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=The National Parks Index 2009-2011 |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/nps/nps/part2.htm#bica |accessdate=2013-11-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030603/http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/nps/nps/part2.htm |archivedate=2013-12-03 |df= }} 5. ^"Wild Horses." Billings Field Office. Bureau of Land Management. United States Department of the Interior. May 2, 2011. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616062833/http://www.blm.gov/mt/st/en/fo/billings_field_office/wildhorses.html |date=June 16, 2015 }} Accessed 2011-05-18. 6. ^1 {{cite web|title=Federal Register, Volume 70, Issue 104 (July 1, 2005), pp. 31345-31353 |publisher= Government Printing Office |url= http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2005-06-01/html/05-10855.htm |accessdate= 2013-11-16}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://fwp.mt.gov/mtoutdoors/HTML/articles/2007/bighornriver.htm|title=Battle on the Bighorn: Holding back water for Bighorn Lake recreation could doom the world-class trout fishery downstream.|last=Maffly|first=Brian|publisher=Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks|work=Montana Outdoors|year=2007|accessdate=2010-12-07}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Nature & Science: Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/bica/naturescience/index.htm |accessdate=2013-11-25}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Lowell, Wyoming |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/travel/cultural_diversity/Bighorn_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area.html |accessdate=2013-11-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729170416/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/cultural_diversity/Bighorn_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area.html |archivedate=2012-07-29 |df= }} 10. ^1 {{cite web|title=The Old West's Female Champion: Caroline Lockhart and Wyoming's Cowboy Heritage |last=Clayton|first=John|publisher=Wyoming State Historical Society, WyoHistory.org|url=http://www.wyohistory.org/essays/old-west's-female-champion-caroline-lockhart-and-wyoming's-cowboy-heritage |accessdate=2013-11-26}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Historic ranch makes its mark: Mason-Lovell influences Big Horn Basin cattle|last=Albert |first=Saige |work= Wyoming Livestock Roundup |url=http://www.wylr.net/component/content/article/258-feature-editions/2011-fall-cattlemens-edition/2541-historic-ranch-makes-its-mark-mason-lovell-influences-big-horn-basin-cattle |accessdate=2013-11-26}} 12. ^1 {{cite web |title=Doc Barry and the Voyage of the Edith |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/bica/historyculture/doc-barry-and-the-voyage-of-the-edith.htm |accessdate=2013-11-26}} 13. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Erastus Ewing |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/bica/historyculture/erastus-ewing.htm |accessdate=2013-11-26}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|title=Sullivan's Knob Trail: Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/bica/planyourvisit/sullivans-knob-trail.htm |accessdate=2013-11-25}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area}}
11 : Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area|National Park Service National Recreation Areas|Crow tribe|Protected areas of Big Horn County, Montana|Protected areas of Carbon County, Montana|Protected areas of Big Horn County, Wyoming|National Park Service areas in Wyoming|National Park Service areas in Montana|Protected areas established in 1966|1966 establishments in Montana|1966 establishments in Wyoming |
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