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词条 Bright's disease
释义

  1. Signs and symptoms

  2. Treatment

  3. Notable cases

  4. References

  5. External links

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| image = Richard Bright, "Reports of medical cases" Wellcome L0013468.jpg
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| caption = Diseased kidney from Richard Bright's Reports of Medical Cases Longman, London (1827–1831); Wellcome Library, London
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| field = Nephrology
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Bright's disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that would be described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis.[1] It was characterized by swelling and the presence of albumin in the urine, and was frequently accompanied by high blood pressure and heart disease.

Signs and symptoms

The symptoms and signs of Bright's disease were first described in 1827 by the English physician Richard Bright, after whom the disease was named. In his Reports of Medical Cases,[2] he described 25 cases of dropsy (edema) which he attributed to kidney disease. Symptoms and signs included: inflammation of serous membranes, hemorrhages, apoplexy, convulsions, blindness and coma.[3][4] Many of these cases were found to have albumin in their urine (detected by the spoon and candle-heat coagulation), and showed striking morbid changes of the kidneys at autopsy.[5] The triad of dropsy, albumin in the urine and kidney disease came to be regarded as characteristic of Bright's disease.[3]

Subsequent work by Bright and others indicated an association with cardiac hypertrophy, which was attributed by Bright to stimulation of the heart. Subsequent work by Frederick Akbar Mahomed showed that a rise in blood pressure could precede the appearance of albumin in the urine, and the rise in blood pressure and increased resistance to flow was believed to explain the cardiac hypertrophy.[4]

It is now known that Bright's disease is caused by a wide and diverse range of kidney diseases;[1][5][6] thus, the term Bright's disease is retained strictly for historical application.[7] The disease was diagnosed frequently in patients with diabetes;[4] at least some of these cases would probably correspond to a modern diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.

Treatment

Bright's disease was historically treated with warm baths, blood-letting, squill, digitalis, mercuric compounds, opium, diuretics, laxatives,[2][8] and dietary therapy, including abstinence from alcoholic drinks, cheese and red meat. Arnold Ehret was diagnosed with Bright's disease and pronounced incurable by 24 of Europe's most respected doctors; he designed The Mucusless Diet Healing System, which apparently cured his illness. William Howard Hay, MD had the illness and, it is claimed, cured himself using the Hay diet.[9]

Notable cases

  • Legendary Old West lawman Bass Reeves' death was attributed to this disease.[10]
  • British civil engineers Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Robert Stephenson died on 20 September 1859, and 12 October 1859, respectively.[11]{{sfn|Rolt|1984|pp=318–319}}{{sfn|Ross|2010|pp=242–243}}
  • Frederick William Faber died on 26 September 1863.
  • George-Étienne Cartier, Founding Father of the Confederation of Canada, died on 20 May 1873.
  • Charles Cotton, English footballer who died on 3 January 1910 after a five-week illness
  • Rowland Hussey Macy Sr., an American businessman and founder of the department store chain R.H. Macy & Company, died on 29 March 1877 in Paris.
  • Richard Warren Sears, an American businessman and founder of the department store chain Sears, Roebuck and Company, died on September 28, 1914 in Waukesha, Wisconsin.
  • The famous dwarf Commodore Nutt died in New York on May 25, 1881.
  • The Impressionist painter Mary Cassatt's sister Lydia died in 1882.[12]
  • Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt, first wife of Theodore Roosevelt, died on 14 February 1884.[13]
  • American tennis pioneer Mary Ewing Outerbridge died at the age of 34, on May 3, 1886.
  • Poet Emily Dickinson died May 15, 1886.
  • Chester Alan Arthur, 21st President of the United States, died November 18, 1886.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
  • Swedish-American mechanical engineer John Ericsson, most famous for designing the USS Monitor, died on March 8, 1889.[14]
  • Famed gunfighter Luke Short died on September 8, 1893.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018|reason=Short's article has several references to his illness but it's not clear which is for Bright's disease, and I can't read them.}}
  • Union general Francis Barlow, who had played an important role in the American Civil War, died on January 11, 1896.
  • Federal Judge Isaac Parker died of Bright's Disease on November 17, 1896, in Fort Smith, Arkansas.[15]
  • Soldier and ornithologist Charles Bendire died in 1897.[16]
  • Actress Caroline Miskel Hoyt, aged 25, died October 2, 1898, after childbirth.[17]
  • Victorian Actress Helena Modjeska, died on April 8, 1909.[18]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=March 2019}}
  • North Dakota Senator Martin Nelson Johnson, died on October 21, 1909.[19]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=March 2019}}
  • American illustrator Howard Pyle died November 9, 1911.[20]
  • Warren S. Johnson, founder of Johnson Controls, died on December 5, 1911, at the age of 64.
  • James S. Sherman was Vice President of the United States from 1909 until his death from Bright's disease in 1912.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018|reason=Sherman's article has no inline citation}}
  • Ellen Axson Wilson, first wife of Woodrow Wilson, died on 6 August 1914.[21]
  • Woodsman Louis "French Louie" Seymour died on February 28, 1915.
  • John Bunny, an American actor and one of the first comic stars of the early motion picture era, died on April 26, 1915.
  • Australian cricketer Victor Trumper died at age 37, in June 1915.
  • Booker T. Washington, founder and principal of Tuskegee University, died in November 1915.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018|reason=Washington's article has a reference but not one I can access}}
  • Charles Sumner Sedgwick, a prominent architect based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, died in 1922.
  • Baseball Hall of Famer Ross Youngs died on October 22, 1927.
  • Master of Science Fiction Horror, Howard Phillips “H. P.” Lovecraft, died from a combination of cancer and Bright’s Disease on March 15, 1937, at the age of 46.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
  • Albert Carl "Al" Ringling (1852–1916), eldest of the Ringling brothers, died of Bright's disease at the age of 63 in Wisconsin.[22]
  • Charles H. Spurgeon, legendary London pastor and known as "The Prince of Preachers", died in 1892 at the age of 57 of Bright's disease.[23]

References

1. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Cameron|first=J. S.|date=14 October 1972|title=Bright's Disease Today: The Pathogenesis and Treatment of Glomerulonephritis—I|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=4|issue=5832|pages=87–90|issn=0007-1447|pmc=1786202|pmid=4562073|doi=10.1136/bmj.4.5832.87}}
2. ^1 {{cite book | last = Bright | first = R | authorlink = | title = Reports of Medical Cases, Selected with a View of Illustrating the Symptoms and Cure of Diseases by a Reference to Morbid Anatomy, vol. I | publisher = Longmans | date = 1827–1831 | location = London | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = }}
3. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/treatiseonbright00mill|title=A treatise on Bright's disease of the kidneys; its pathology, diagnosis, and treatment ..|last=Millard|first=Henry B.|date=1 January 1884|publisher=New York, W. Wood & Company}}
4. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonbright1904tyso#page/82/mode/2up|title=A treatise on Bright's disease and diabetes : with especial reference to pathology and therapeutics|website=archive.org|access-date=23 July 2016}}
5. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Peitzman|first=Steven J.|date=1 January 1989|title=From Dropsy to Bright's Disease to End-Stage Renal Disease|jstor=3350183|journal=The Milbank Quarterly|volume=67|pages=16–32|doi=10.2307/3350183|pmid=2682170}}
6. ^{{cite journal |author=Wolf G |title=Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs (1819–1885) and Bright's disease |journal=American Journal of Nephrology |volume=22 |issue=5–6 |pages=596–602 |year=2002 |pmid=12381966 |doi= 10.1159/000065291|url=http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=ajn22596}}
7. ^{{cite journal |author=Peitzman SJ |title=From dropsy to Bright's disease to end-stage renal disease |journal=The Milbank Quarterly |volume=67 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=16–32 |year=1989 |pmid=2682170 |doi= 10.2307/3350183|url=|jstor=3350183 }}
8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dMLYBAAAQBAJ|title=Lectures on Bright's Disease|last=Saundby|first=Robert|date=22 October 2013|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=9781483195360|language=en}}
9. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWmRAgAAQBAJ|title=Diets and Dieting: A Cultural Encyclopedia|last=Gilman|first=Goldwin Smith Professor of Human Studies Sander L.|last2=Gilman|first2=Sander L.|date=23 January 2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135870683|language=en}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.history.com/news/bass-reeves-real-lone-ranger-a-black-man|title=Was the Real Lone Ranger a Black Man?|author=|date=|website=history.com}}
11. ^{{cite book|editor-last=Bailey|editor-first=Michael R.|year=2003|title=Robert Stephenson; The Eminent Engineer|publisher= Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-3679-3|page=XXIII}}
12. ^{{Cite book|title=Mary Cassatt: Reflections of Women's Lives|last=Mancoff|first=Debra|publisher=Frances Lincoln|year=1998|isbn=|location=London|pages=15}}
13. ^{{cite book|last=Commire|first=Anne|title=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia|date=1999|publisher=Yorkin Publications}}
14. ^{{cite book |last1=Church |first1=W.C. |title=The Life of John Ericsson |date=1892 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Co. |location=London |pages=320–323 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKgTAAAAYAAJ&q=solar#v=snippet&q=solar&f=false}}
15. ^* {{cite book|last1=Leeper|first1=Maranda|editor-last1=Lancaster|editor-first1=Guy|title=Arkansas in Ink: Gunslingers, Ghosts, and Other Graphic Tales|date=2014|publisher=University of Arkansas Press|isbn=9781935106739|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTNLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2|ref=harv}}
16. ^{{cite book|last1=Beolens|first1=Bo|last2=Watkins|first2=Michael|title=Whose Bird? Common Bird Names and the People They Commemorate|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, London|year=2003|pages=47–48|isbn=978-0-300-10359-5|lccn=2003113608}}
17. ^{{cite news |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88053055/1898-10-03/ed-1/seq-1/ |title=Death of Mrs. Caroline Hoyt |date=October 3, 1898 |work=The Wilmington Daily Republican |access-date=November 25, 2018 }}
18. ^{{Cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Modjeska | title=Helena Modjeska}}
19. ^{{Cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_N._Johnson | title=Martin N. Johnson}}
20. ^{{Cite book|title=The Brandywine Tradition|last=Pitz|first=Henry|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|year=1969|page=162|lccn=68028457|location=Boston}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=28|title=Ellen Wilson Biography :: National First Ladies' Library|author=|date=|website=www.firstladies.org}}
22. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Al. Ringling Dead. Veteran Circus Man Stricken with Bright's Disease In Wisconsin. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/01/02/104018612.pdf |quote= |work=New York Times |date=January 2, 1916|accessdate=2018-10-10 | format=PDF}}
23. ^Nettles, Tom. Living by Revealed Truth: The Life and Pastoral Theology of Charles Haddon Spurgeon (Ross-Shire, Scotland: Mentor Imprint, 2013), 599-600

External links

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3 : Kidney diseases|Obsolete medical terms|1827 in science
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