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词条 Business simulation game
释义

  1. Real-world applications

  2. History

  3. See also

  4. References

{{about|the video game genre||Business simulation (disambiguation)}}{{Simulation VG}}Business simulation games,[1][2] also known as economic simulation games[3][4] or tycoon games, are games that focus on the management of economic processes,[5] usually in the form of a business. Pure business simulations have been described as construction and management simulations without a construction element,[2] and can thus be called management simulations.[2] Indeed, micromanagement is often emphasized in these kinds of games. They are essentially numeric, but try to hold the player's attention by using creative graphics.[2] The interest in these games lies in accurate simulation of real-world events using algorithms,[9] as well as the close tying of players' actions to expected or plausible consequences and outcomes.[6][7] An important facet of economic simulations is the emergence of artificial systems, gameplay and structures.[8]

There are many games in this genre which have been designed around numerous different enterprises and different simulations. Theme Park can be called a business simulation because the goal of the game is to attract customers and make profits, but the game also involves a building aspect that makes it a construction and management simulation.[2] This genre also includes many of the "tycoon" games such as Railroad Tycoon and Transport Tycoon. Another similar example of a business simulation (that models a startup business) is "SimVenture Classic".

Trevor Chan is a notable developer of business simulation games,[9] having developed the 1995 game Capitalism which has been described as the "best business simulation game".[1] Similar in complexity and functionality is Virtonomics business simulation. This is a browser-based multiplayer game in which realistic market behavior is formed as a result of the interaction of a large number of players.[10]

Active development of Internet technologies and the growth of the Internet audience in recent years gave a powerful impetus to the development of the industry of online games, and in particular, online business simulations.[17] There are many varieties of online business simulations - browser-based and downloadable, single-player and multiplayer, real-time and turn-based. Some online simulations are aimed primarily at the leisure market while others have real world applications in training, education and modelling.

Real-world applications

Because business simulations simulate real-world systems, they are often used in management, marketing, economics and hospitality education.[11][12] Some benefits of business simulations are that they permit students to experience and test themselves in situations before encountering them in real life,[20] they permit students to experiment and test hypotheses,[20][13] and that subjects seem more real to them than when taught passively from the blackboard.[14] They are also used extensively in the professional world to train workers in the financial industries,[15][25] hospitality and management,[16] and to study economic models[27] (an association of professionals, ABSEL, exists for the sole purpose of promoting their use[15]), with some simulations having in excess of 10,000 variables.[17] Economic simulations have even been used in experiments, such as those done by Donald Broadbent on learning and cognition that revealed how people often have an aptitude for mastering systems without necessarily comprehending the underlying principles.[18] Other games are used to study the behavior of consumers.[19]

History

{{Expand section|date=January 2017}}{{see also|List of business simulation video games}}

An early economic sim by Dan Bunten, M.U.L.E., released in 1983, foreshadowed events that would transpire later in video gaming history, especially in the MMOG market, with regard to player cooperation and simulated economies.[20] The game was Electronic Arts' most highly awarded game, despite selling only 30,000 copies.[21] That same year, Epyx released the business sim Oil Barons.[22]

See also

  • Business game
  • Serious game
  • Simulations and games in economics education
  • Training simulation

References

1. ^1 Review - IGN: Trevor Chan's Capitalism II
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Rollings|first=Andrew|authorlink=|author2=Ernest Adams|title=Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams on Game Design|publisher=New Riders Publishing|year=2003|location=|pages=417–441|url=http://safari.adobepress.com/1592730019/ch14|doi=|id=|isbn=1-59273-001-9}}
3. ^IGN: Air Bucks,
4. ^News - IGN: Big Biz Tycoon Ships
5. ^{{cite book|last=Rollings|first=Andrew|authorlink=|author2=Ernest Adams|title=Fundamentals of Game Design|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=2006|location=|url=http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_gamedev_1/54/14053/3597646.cw/index.html}}
6. ^1 {{cite book | last = Laramee | first = Francois Dominic | title = Game Design Perspectives: Advances in Computer Graphics and Game Development | publisher = Charles River Media | year = 2002 | isbn = 1-58450-090-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T9kS82J5LG0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=game+design+perspectives | page = 117}}
7. ^{{cite book | last = Slator | first = Brian M. |author2=Richard T. Beckwith |author3=Harold Chaput | title = Electric Worlds in the Classroom: Teaching and Learning with Role-Based Computer Classes | publisher = Teachers College Press | year = 2006 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CoBW2rJO7mkC&pg=PA61&dq=%22economic+simulation%22+game | isbn = 0-8077-4675-4 | page = 61}}
8. ^{{cite book | last = Natkin | first = Stéphane | title = Video Games and Interactive Media: A Glimpse at New Digital Entertainment | publisher = A K Peters, Ltd. | year = 2006 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Huph6EeDVggC&pg=PA97&dq=%22economic+simulation%22+game | isbn = 1-56881-297-3 | page = 97}}
9. ^IGN: Joan of Arc Interview
10. ^[https://www.inc.com/margarita-hakobyan/2-types-of-brain-games-that-can-substantially-improve-your-decision-making.html INC: 2 Types of Brain Games That Can Substantially Improve Your Decision-Making]
11. ^1 Online Business Simulations
12. ^{{cite book | last = Farkas | first = Meredith | title = Social Software in Libraries: Building Collaboration, Communication, and Community Online | publisher = Information Today, Inc. | year = 2007 | accessdate = 2008-06-18 | isbn =1-57387-275-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AlARogbZHqcC&pg=PA216&dq=%22economic+simulation%22+game | page=216}}
13. ^{{cite journal | last = Thole | first = Heinz-Jürgen |author2=Claus Möbus |author3=Olaf Schröder | title = Domain Knowledge Structure, Knowledge Representation and Hypotheses Testing | journal = Artificial Intelligence in Education: Knowledge and Media in Learning | pages = 410 | publisher = IOS Press | year = 1997 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9L4reNbo7MQC&pg=PA410&dq=%22economic+simulation%22+game | isbn = 978-90-5199-353-0}}
14. ^1 2 {{cite book | last = Schurr | first = Sandra | title = Dynamite in the Classroom: A How-to Handbook for Teachers | publisher = National Middle School Association | year = 1994 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HK_uqW_oS7EC&pg=PA73&dq=economic+simulation+game| isbn = 1-56090-041-5 | page = 73}}
15. ^1 {{cite book | last = Rutter | first = Jason |author2=Jo Bryce | title = Understanding Digital Games | publisher = Sage Publications, Inc. | year = 2006 | isbn = 1-4129-0033-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ji3baoCZL8gC&pg=PA227&dq=%22economic+simulation%22+game|page=227}}
16. ^1 {{cite book | last = Fallows | first = Stephen J. |author2=Kemal Ahmet | title = Inspiring Students: Case Studies in Motivating the Learner | publisher = Routledge | year = 1999 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nk49AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA63&dq=%22business+simulation%22+game | isbn = 0-7494-2872-4 | page = 63}}
17. ^1 {{cite book | last = Gatti | first = Domenico Delli | title = Interaction and Market Structure: Essays on Heterogeneity in Economics | publisher = Springer | year = 2000 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5D4V5DwKeKgC&pg=PA37&dq=%22economic+simulation%22+game | isbn = 3-540-66979-5 | page = 37}}
18. ^{{cite book | last = Hogarth | first = Robin M. | title = Educating Intuition | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 2001 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fsffJGkpwVIC&pg=PA184&dq=%22economic+simulation%22+game | isbn = 0-226-34860-1 | page = 184}}
19. ^{{cite book | last = Jain | first = L. C. |author2=R. J. Howlett |author3=N. S. Ichalkaranje |author4=G. Tonfoni | title = virtual environments for teaching & learning | publisher = World Scientific | year = 2002 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gDPbGslq1LoC&pg=PA20&dq=%22economic+simulation%22+game | isbn = 981-238-167-8 | page = 20}}
20. ^{{cite web | last = Sharkey | first = Scott | title = The Essential 50 Archives | publisher = 1UP.com | date = January 22, 2004 – January 12, 2005 | url = http://www.1up.com/do/feature?cId=3133886 | accessdate = 2008-06-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090306122222/http://www.1up.com/do/feature?cId=3133886# | archive-date = 2009-03-06 | dead-url = yes | df = }}
21. ^{{cite book | last = DeMaria | first = Rusel |author2=Johnny L. Wilson | title = High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games | publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional | year = 2004 | pages = 174–175 | isbn = 0-07-223172-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HJNvZLvpCEQC&pg=PA174&dq=%22economic+simulation%22+game}}
22. ^http://www.mobygames.com/game/oil-barons MobyGames. "Oil Barons," (retrieved on January 25th, 2009).
{{VideoGameGenre}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Business Simulation Game}}

2 : Business simulation games|Video game genres
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