| 词条 | Bykle | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Bykle |native_name = |native_name_lang = |other_name = |official_name = |image_skyline = |image_caption = |idnumber = 0941 |county = Aust-Agder |district = Setesdal |capital = Bykle |demonym = Byklar (N) Bykler (B) |language = Nynorsk |coatofarms = Bykle komm.svg |munwebpage = www.bykle.kommune.no |mayor = Jon-Rolf Næss |mayor_party = Ap |mayor_as_of = 2011 |area_rank = 55 |area_total_km2 = 1467.13 |area_land_km2 = 1253.94 |area_water_km2 = 213.19 |population_as_of = 2017 |population_rank = 400 |population_total = 952 |population_density_km2 = 0.8 |population_increase = 5.5 |coordinates = {{coord|59|26|35|N|07|15|18|E|region:NO|display=inline,title}} |utm_zone = 32V |utm_northing = 6590701 |utm_easting = 0401056 | geo_cat = adm2nd }} Bykle is a municipality in Aust-Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Setesdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Bykle. Other villages in Bykle municipality include Berdalen, Bjåen, Breive, Hoslemo, Hovden, and Nordbygdi. Bykle was established as a municipality on 1 January 1902 when it was separated from the municipality of Valle. The {{convert|1467|km2|adj=on}} municipality is the 55th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Bykle is the 400th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 952. The municipality's population density is {{convert|0.8|PD/km2}} and its population has increased by 5.5% over the last decade.[1] General informationThe municipality of Bykle was created when it was separated from the older municipality of Valle on 1 January 1902 after a dispute over the costs of road building (Bykle was the bigger area, while Valle had more people and more money).[2] Initially, Bykle had a population of 476 residents in the new municipality. The boundaries of the municipality have not changed since that time.[3] NameThe municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Byklum farm (Old Norse: Byklar), since the first Bykle Church was built there. The farm is named after Lake Bykil, but the meaning of that name is unknown. Historically, the name has been spelled Bøgle or Bøckle, but the spelling has been Bykle since the 19th century.[4] Coat-of-armsThe coat-of-arms is from modern times; they were granted on 4 April 1986. The arms show eleven (11) silver or white water droplets on a green background. The water droplets were chosen as a symbol for the water and rivers in the municipality, as well as for the hydropower plant which was founded in 1915. The plant has brought prosperity to the area since then. The green color of the background symbolizes agriculture.[5] {{see also2|Coats-of-Arms of Samnanger and Tinn}} ChurchesThe Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Bykle. It is part of the Otredal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.
GeographyBykle sits in the northern part of the Setesdalen valley. It is bordered to the north by Vinje municipality and to the east by Tokke municipality both of which are in Telemark county. It is bordered to the south by Valle in Aust-Agder county and by Sirdal municipality in Vest-Agder county. It is bordered in the southwest by Forsand municipality and in the west by Hjelmeland and Suldal municipalities–all in Rogaland county. There are many lakes that are located within the mountainous municipality including Blåsjø, Botsvatn, Hartevatnet, Holmavatnet, Ormsavatnet, Reinevatn, Skyvatn, Store Urevatn, Svartevatnet, and Vatndalsvatnet, and Ytre Storevatnet. The Setesdalsheiene mountain range runs through the municipality, including the tallest mountain in that range, Sæbyggjenuten at {{convert|1507|m}}. The Byklestigen pass is a torturous trail up a steep cliff face. Until the 1870s, it was the only route to reach Bykle from the middle Setesdal valley to the south. It runs above the river Otra and was the site of numerous accidents on the hazardous route. The eastern side of the valley (and the municipal/county border) is lined by the mountains Gråsteinsnosi, Brandsnutene, Svolhusgreini, Sæbyggjenuten, and Støylsdalsnutene. The western side of the valley (and the municipal/county border) is lined by the mountains Storhellernuten, Skyvassnuten, Sveigen, and Kaldafjellet. The southern border of the municipality is marked by the mountain Steinheii. The mountains Urevassnutene, Djuptjønnuten, Snjoheinuten, and Kvervetjønnuten mark the highlands in the southwestern part of the municipality, northwest of the village of Bykle. Climate{{Weather box|metric first = yes |single line = yes |location = Bykle | Jan mean C = -6.1 | Feb mean C = -5.7 | Mar mean C = -1.3 | Apr mean C = 2.5 | May mean C = 8.0 | Jun mean C = 13.1 | Jul mean C = 14.1 | Aug mean C = 13.0 | Sep mean C = 9.0 | Oct mean C = 4.7 | Nov mean C = -1.6 | Dec mean C = -4.1 |year mean C = 3.8 |precipitation colour = | Jan precipitation mm = 79 | Feb precipitation mm = 55 | Mar precipitation mm = 54 | Apr precipitation mm = 37 | May precipitation mm = 70 | Jun precipitation mm = 73 | Jul precipitation mm = 72 | Aug precipitation mm = 97 | Sep precipitation mm = 117 | Oct precipitation mm = 127 | Nov precipitation mm = 109 | Dec precipitation mm = 69 |year precipitation mm = 80 |source 1= Norwegian Meteorological Institute[6] }} EconomyBykle has several hydroelectric power generation facilities. The second-largest sector of income for Bykle is the alpine skiing facility in Hovden. Due to its vast amount of hydroelectric power, Bykle is now the wealthiest of the municipalities in Setesdal. GovernmentAll municipalities in Norway, including Bykle, are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor. Municipal councilThe municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Bykle is made up of 13 representatives that are elected to four year terms. Currently, the party breakdown is as follows:[7] {{Kommunestyre table|name = Bykle |start = 2015 |end = 2019 |Total = 13 |nynorsk = yes |Arbeiderpartiet = 6 |Fremskrittspartiet = |Høyre = 2 |Kristelig_Folkeparti = 1 |Senterpartiet = 2 |Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = |Venstre = 2 |Pensjonistpartiet = |Rødt = |Grønne = |Kyst = |Kristne = |Local_Lists = |}} PoliticsBykle has been run by one mayor, Kai Jeiskelid, from 1985 until 2011. In September 2011, a new mayor was elected: Jon-Rolf Næss. Due to a law implemented for 50 years ago by the Labour Party, the obligation of politicians' residence in this municipality is required. HistoryAt Storhedder, north of the lake Storheddervatnet near the mountain Storheddernuten, there are prehistoric runic inscriptions dating over 1000 years old. The Hovden area was interconnected more with the districts to the west of the mountains than communities further down the Setesdal valley. The main mountain plateau trade route led west to Suldal municipality in Rogaland. The Byklestigen pass was the line of divisions between dialects; in Valle to the south the classic Setesdal tongue was spoken while in Bykle the dialect includes a significant mixture from neighboring Telemark county. Falcons were trapped in the heights above Bykle. From as early as 1203 and as late as 1780 there are reports of English and Dutch trapping of falcons at Breivik in Bykle. One byproduct of the numerous Dutch visits in the 1560s was the discovery that the natives had no natural resistance to syphilis; a state physician had to be dispatched there to stem the disease. Attractions
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)|url=https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=Folkemengd1951&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=folkendrhist&StatVariant=&checked=true|year=2017|language=Norwegian|author=Statistisk sentralbyrå|authorlink=Statistics Norway|accessdate=2017-11-05}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=South Norway|first=Frank Noel|last=Stagg|publisher=George Allen & Unwin, Ltd|year=1958}} 3. ^{{cite web|first=Dag|last=Jukvam|publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå|title=Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen|year=1999|url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/00/90/rapp_9913/rapp_9913.pdf|language=Norwegian}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Norske gaardnavne: Nedenes amt|edition=8|authorlink=Oluf Rygh|last=Rygh|first=Oluf|publisher=W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri|year=1905|location=Kristiania, Norge|pages=211–213|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4pBAAAAIAAJ|language=Norwegian}} 5. ^{{cite web|publisher=Heraldry of the World|title=Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen|url=http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Bykle|accessdate=2017-03-20}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.yr.no/place/Norway/Aust-Agder/Bykle/Bykle/statistics.html|title=Weather statistics for Bykle (Aust-Agder)|publisher=Norwegian Meteorological Institute}} 7. ^{{cite web|publisher=Statistics Norway|url=https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/SelectTable/hovedtabellHjem.asp?KortNavnWeb=kommvalgform&CMSSubjectArea=valg&StatVariant=&PLanguage=1&checked=true|title=Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)|language=Norwegian|year=2015}} External links{{commons category|Bykle}}{{wiktionary|Bykle}}{{Wikivoyage|Aust-Agder}}
3 : Setesdal|Municipalities of Aust-Agder|Bykle |
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