| 词条 | Carrickfergus |
| 释义 |
|official_name= Carrickfergus |irish_name= Carraig Fhearghais |scots_name= Carrick[1] {{noitalic|or}} Craigfergus[2] |map_type= Northern Ireland |coordinates = {{coord|54.716|-5.809|display=inline,title}} |population = 27,903 |population_ref = (2011 Census) |irish_grid_reference= |unitary_northern_ireland= Mid and East Antrim District |country= Northern Ireland |post_town= CARRICKFERGUS |postcode_area= BT |postcode_district= BT38 |dial_code= 028 93 |constituency_ni_assembly= East Antrim |constituency_westminster= East Antrim |lieutenancy_northern_ireland= County Antrim |belfast_distance= {{convert|11|mi|km}} |static_image_name = Carrickfergus Castle, reflections at sunset - geograph.org.uk - 1098306.jpg |static_image_caption=Carrickfergus Castle at sunset }}Carrickfergus ({{Irish derived place name|Carraig Fhearghais|Fergus's rock}})[3] is a large town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It sits on the north shore of Belfast Lough, {{convert|11|mi|km}} from Belfast. The town had a population of 27,903 at the 2011 Census. It is County Antrim's oldest town and one of the oldest towns in Ireland as a whole.[4] Carrickfergus was the administrative centre for Carrickfergus Borough Council, before this was amalgamated into the Mid and East Antrim District Council in 2015, and forms part of the Belfast Metropolitan Area. It is also a townland of 65 acres, a civil parish and a barony.[5] The town is the subject of the classic Irish folk song "Carrickfergus", a 19th-century translation of an Irish-language song (Do Bhí Bean Uasal)[6] from Munster, which begins with the words, "I wish I was in Carrickfergus".[7] The British peerage title of Baron Carrickfergus, which had become extinct in 1883, was bestowed upon Prince William on his wedding day in 2011. The Town is home to Saint Nicholas' Parish Church, which was established in 1180 and is still in use as a place of worship today (service times: Sunday: 9:30am Holy Communion, 11.00am Morning Worship, (Holy Communion first Sunday of month) 6:30pm Evening Worship and Cafe Church (Holy Communion 3rd Sunday of month) Wednesday: 10:00am Holy Communion.) There are also other notable churches such as that of North Street Presbyterian Church which was one of the first Presbyterian churches to be established in Ireland. (Services on Sunday: 9:30 a.m., 11:00 a.m. and 6:30 p.m.). There are many other churches beyond these. History{{refimprove section|date=March 2016}}The town is said to take its name from Fergus Mór (Fergus the Great), the legendary king of Dál Riata. According to one tale, his ship ran aground on a rock by the shore, which became known as "Carraig Fhearghais" – the rock of Fergus.[8] As an urban settlement, Carrickfergus far pre-dates the capital city Belfast and was for a lengthy period both larger and more prominent than the nearby city. Belfast Lough itself was known as 'Carrickfergus Bay' well into the 17th century. Carrickfergus and the surrounding area was, for a time, treated as a separate county. The historical walled town originally occupied an area of around 97,000 square metres, which now comprises the town centre, bordered by Albert Road to the west, the Marine Highway to the south, Shaftesbury Park to the north and Joymount Presbyterian Church grounds to the east. Segments of the town wall are still visible in various parts of the town and in various states of preservation. Archaeological excavations close to the walls' foundations have yielded many artefacts that have helped historians piece together a picture of the lives of the 12th and 13th century inhabitants.[4][8] Carrickfergus became an inhabited town shortly after 1170, when Anglo-Norman knight John de Courcy invaded Ulster, established his headquarters in the area and built Carrickfergus Castle on the "rock of Fergus" in 1177.[9] The castle, which is the most prominent landmark of Carrickfergus, is widely known as one of the best-preserved Norman castles in Ireland.[10] Sometime between 1203 and 1205, De Courcy was expelled from Ulster by Hugh de Lacy, as authorised by King John. de Lacy oversaw the final construction of the castle, which included the gatehouse, drum towers and outer ward. It was at this time that he established the nearby St Nicholas' Church. de Lacy was relieved of his command of the town in 1210, when King John himself arrived and placed the castle under royal authority. de Lacy eventually regained his title of Earl of Ulster in 1227, however the castle and its walled town were captured several more times following his death (in 1242) and the town largely destroyed by the Scots in 1402.[8][9] The Battle of Carrickfergus, part of the Nine Years War, took place in and around the town in November 1597. It was fought between the crown forces of Queen Elizabeth I and the Scots clan of MacDonnell, and resulted in a defeat for the English. A contemporary Elizabethan illustration of Carrickfergus shows ten tower-houses, as well as terraces of single-storey houses, some detached cottages and 70 or more Irish beehive-type huts in the town.[11] Sir Arthur Chichester was appointed by the Earl of Essex to govern the castle and town in 1599 and was responsible for the plantation of English and Scottish peoples in the town, as well as the building of the town wall.[12]In 1637 the Surveyor General of Customs issued a report compiled from accounts of customs due from each port and their "subsidiary creeks". Of the Ulster ports on the list, Carrickfergus was first, followed by Bangor, Donaghadee, and Strangford.[13] In the same year the town sold its customs rights - which ran from Groomsport, County Down up to Larne, County Antrim to Belfast. This in part led to its decline in importance as the province of Ulster grew.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} Nevertheless, the decaying castle withstood several days of siege by the forces of William of Orange in 1689, before surrendering on 28 August. William himself subsequently landed at Carrickfergus on 14 June 1690. During the Seven Years' War, in February 1760, the whole town was briefly captured and held to ransom by French troops landed from Francois Thurot's naval squadron, after the defenders ran out of ammunition. In 1711 Carrickfergus was the scene of the last witchcraft trial in Ireland. Eight women were charged with bewitching a young girl, and were convicted, despite a strong indication from one of the judges that the jury should acquit. They were sentenced to a year in prison and four sessions in the pillory.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} In April 1778, during the American War of Independence, John Paul Jones, in command of the American ship Ranger, attempted to capture a British Royal Navy sloop of war, HMS Drake, moored at Carrickfergus. Having failed, he returned a few days later and challenged Drake to a fight out in the North Channel which the Americans won decisively. During the 1790s there was considerable support in the Carrickfergus area for the United Irishmen.[14] On 14 October 1797 William Orr was hanged in the town following what was widely regarded as a show trial held in Carrickfergus Courthouse[15] (now the Town Hall[16]) and in 1798 United Irish founder Henry Joy McCracken was captured on the outskirts of the town while trying to escape to America.[17] In 1912 the people of Carrickfergus turned out in their thousands to watch as the RMS Titanic made its first ever journey up the lough from its construction dock in Belfast. The famous passenger liner was anchored overnight just off the coast of Carrickfergus, before continuing on its journey.[18] During World War II, Northern Ireland was an important military base for United States Naval and Air Operations and a training ground for American G.I.s. The First Battalions of the elite US Rangers were activated and based in Sunnylands Camp for their initial training. The US Rangers Centre in nearby Boneybefore pays homage to this period in history.[18] It is rumoured that Italian and German POWs were held in the town, the Italians in a camp at Sullatober mill, and Germans at Sunnylands.[19] Recent history{{unreferenced section|date=March 2016}}In the 1970s, the town became an important centre for the textile industry. An ICI man-made fibres factory was opened at Kilroot and was followed by the Rothman's cigarette factory. Courtaulds operated a large rayon works there until the 1980s. In 1981, Kilroot power station opened and is the largest power station in Northern Ireland. Carrickfergus now is a centre for leisure sailing, and is home to Carrickfergus Marina and Carrickfergus Sailing Club. The town is part of the Greater Belfast conurbation, being {{convert|11|mi|km}} from Belfast city centre. On 8 September 2007, Carrickfergus was the Northern Irish host for the Last Night at the Proms, featuring Alison Balsom, Alfie Boe, and Ulster conductor Kenneth Montgomery. The Troubles{{Details|The Troubles}}Throughout the course of The Troubles, there was a reasonably large paramilitary presence in the town, namely the Ulster Volunteer Force and Ulster Defence Association.[20] Census figures show that the Catholic population of Carrickfergus declined from 16.2% in 1971 to 9.56% in 2011.[21] DemographyCarrickfergus is classified by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA)[22] as a large town (i.e. population between 18,000 and 75,000 people) and within the Belfast Metropolitan Urban Area (BMUA). On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 37,659 people living in Carrickfergus. Of these:
Notable residents{{Refimprove section|date=April 2011}}Historical
20th century
Contemporary
Transport{{unreferenced section|date=March 2016}}Carrickfergus railway station opened on 1 October 1862.[25] In addition, the northwest of the town is served by Clipperstown railway station, and the east by Downshire railway station. All three stations have regular commuter services to Belfast and Larne. Three historic stations in Carrickfergus, Barn, Eden and Mount, closed in the 1970s. Translink also operates a local 'town-service' bus route and regular services to both Whitehead and Belfast. United Bus company (https://www.unitedbuscompany.com/), Northern Irelands oldest bus company that dates back to the late 1800s was started in Carrickfergus and has now grown to be the third largest bus and coach company across the entirety of Ireland. PoliticsCarrickfergus is covered by the East Antrim constituency, whose MP is Sammy Wilson of the DUP. The Parliamentary constituency of Carrickfergus existed from 1801-85. Local MLAs for the area are:[26]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20181106203800/http://carrickfergus.org/council/councillors/ Local Councillors] for the area are:
Schools and educationThere are many primary and secondary schools in Carrickfergus, including: Secondary
Primary
SportsSporting establishments in the town include:
Sister cities
See also
References1. ^North-South Ministerial Council 2002 annual report (Ulster-Scots) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829113640/http://www.northsouthministerialcouncil.org/nsmc_annual_report_2002_-_ulster-scots_version_%28pdf_837kb%29-2.pdf |date=29 August 2011 }} 2. ^The Online Scots Dictionary; retrieved 21 August 2012. 3. ^Placenames Database of Ireland 4. ^1 History of Carrickfergus {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709202143/http://www.carrickfergus.org/tourism/museum/history-of-carrickfergus/ |date=9 July 2011 }} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Carrickfergus|url=http://www.thecore.com/seanruad/|website=IreAtlas Townlands Database|accessdate=20 April 2015}} 6. ^Amhránleabhar Ógra Éireann, Folens, Dublin (8th edition, 1971) 7. ^George Petrie: Ancient Music of Ireland, M.H. Gill, Dublin 1855 (re-printed 2005, University of Leeds; {{ISBN|978-1-85918-398-4}}) 8. ^1 2 Mediæval Times in Carrickfergus' History {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305053225/http://www.carrickfergus.org/tourism/museum/medieval-times/ |date=5 March 2011 }}, carrickfergus.org; accessed 2 May 2016. 9. ^1 Culture Northern Ireland: A History of Carrickfergus 10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-26540165|title=History unearthed at medieval castle|last=Maxwell|first=David|date=2014-03-12|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-02-19|language=en-GB}} 11. ^{{cite book|last=O'Neill, B (ed).|year=2002|title=Irish Castles and Historic Houses|publisher=Caxton Editions|location=London, UK|page=14}} 12. ^1500s and Beyond in Carrickfergus {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305014508/http://www.carrickfergus.org/tourism/museum/1500s-and-beyond |date=5 March 2011 }}, carrickfergus.org; accessed 8 March 2016. 13. ^{{cite book|author1=O'Sullivan, Aidan |author2=Breen, Colin|year=2007|title=Maritime Ireland. An Archaeology of Coastal Communities|publisher=Tempus|location=Stroud, UK|page=212|isbn=978-0-7524-2509-2}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.saintnicholas.org.uk/carrickfergus.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-02-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209085932/http://www.saintnicholas.org.uk/carrickfergus.html |archivedate=9 February 2012 |df=dmy }} 15. ^ 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/ehod_antrim-2.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-02-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424144803/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/ehod_antrim-2.pdf |archivedate=24 April 2011 |df=dmy }} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ulsterhistory.co.uk/henryjoymccracken.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-03-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204035344/http://www.ulsterhistory.co.uk/henryjoymccracken.htm |archivedate=4 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 18. ^1 Recent Times {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305020042/http://www.carrickfergus.org/tourism/museum/recent-history/ |date=5 March 2011 }}, Carrickfergus.org; accessed 2 May 2016. 19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://carrickfergushistory.co.uk/about-carrick-2/|title=Carrickfergus History {{!}} The Complete History of Carrick {{!}} Part 2 {{!}} Carrickfergus History|work=Carrickfergus History|access-date=2018-02-19|language=en-GB}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.carrickparish.org/history_of_parish2.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-08-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215225542/http://www.carrickparish.org/history_of_parish2.htm |archivedate=15 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 21. ^Census data, cain.ulst.ac.uk; accessed 24 September 2015. 22. ^NI Statistics and Research Agency website. 23. ^ 24. ^{{cite book|title=Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896|publisher=Marquis Who's Who|year=1967}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Carrickfergus|work=Railscot - Irish Railways|url=http://www.railscot.co.uk/Ireland/Irish_railways.pdf|accessdate=27 August 2007}} 26. ^East Antrim MLAs {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829075511/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/members/constituency-profiles-2011/East-Antrim.pdf |date=29 August 2011 }} 27. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ruda-sl.pl/default.aspx?docId=7378 |title=Ruda Slaska webpage |accessdate=24 September 2015 }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 28. ^{{cite news|title=Anderson, sister city join hands |url=http://www.andersonindependent.com/news/2009/jul/30/anderson-sister-city-join-hands |date=30 July 2009 |journal=Anderson Independent Mail |accessdate=24 September 2015 }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 29. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.carrickadvertiser.co.uk/articles/news/8523/council-strengthens-links-with-america |date=5 August 2009 |title=Carrickfergus strengthens links with America |accessdate=24 September 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227054820/http://www.carrickadvertiser.co.uk/articles/news/8523/council-strengthens-links-with-america/ |archivedate=27 February 2012 |df=dmy }} 30. ^Fessel, Lynn (9 May 2006). "Jackson City Council Meeting: Minutes, 9 May 2006" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121095828/http://www.cityofjackson.org/departments/cityclerk/workflow/readnew.asp?id=301 |date=21 November 2007 }}, City of Jackson, Michigan website; accessed 24 September 2015. 31. ^Portsmouth-Carrickfergus agreement, 20 May 1994. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308212707/http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/relationship/Carrickfergus,%20Northern%20Ireland,%20United%20Kingdom/Portsmouth,%20New%20Hampshire# |date=8 March 2016 }}. External links{{Commons category|Carrickfergus}}{{EB1911 poster|Carrickfergus}}{{Wikivoyage}}
7 : Carrickfergus|Barony of Carrickfergus|Beaches of Northern Ireland|Port cities and towns in Northern Ireland|Ports and harbours of Northern Ireland|Townlands of County Antrim|Towns in County Antrim |
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