| 词条 | Chickasaw National Recreation Area |
| 释义 |
| name = Chickasaw National Recreation Area | iucn_category = |photo = Travertine creek fall evening.jpg |photo_width = |photo_caption = Travertine Creek, in the Chickasaw National Recreation Area | map_image = Chickasaw National Recreation Area.jpg |map_width =200 | map_caption = Map of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area | location = Murray County, Oklahoma, USA | nearest_city = Sulphur, OK | coordinates = {{coords|34|30|2|N|96|58|20|W|region:US|display=inline, title}} | area_acre = 9,899 | area_ref = [1] | established = July 1, 1902 | visitation_num = 1,212,139 | visitation_year = 2011 | visitation_ref = [2] | governing_body = National Park Service | website = [https://www.nps.gov/chic/ Chickasaw National Recreation Area] }}Chickasaw National Recreation Area is a National Recreation Area situated in the foothills of the Arbuckle Mountains in south-central Oklahoma near Sulphur in Murray County. It includes the former Platt National Park and Arbuckle Recreation District.[3] The area was established as Sulphur Springs Reservation on July 1, 1902; renamed and redesignated Platt National Park on June 29, 1906; combined with the Arbuckle Recreation Area and additional lands and renamed and redesignated on 17 March 1976. Of the park's {{convert|9888.83|acre|ha|0}}, water covers {{convert|2409|acre|ha|0}}. The park contains many fine examples of 1930's Civilian Conservation Corps architecture. CCC workers created pavilions, park buildings, and enclosures for the park's many natural springs.[4] The Chickasaw National Recreation Area preserves partially forested hills of south-central Oklahoma near Sulphur. Named to honor the Chickasaw Indian Nation, who were relocated to the area from the Southeastern United States during the 1830s (and who later sold the original {{convert|640|acre|ha}} of land for the park to the Federal government), the park's springs, streams, and lakes provide opportunities for swimming, boating, fishing, picnicking, camping, and hiking, among other activities. As part of the Chickasaw tribe's arrangement with the U.S. government, the park does not charge an admission fee. HistoryWhen the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes were forced to move from their former lands in the southeastern United States, they found an area within the new Chickasaw nation that contained a number of natural fresh and mineral springs that they believed had healing powers. Fearing that developers would turn the springs into a private resort, as had happened earlier at Hot Springs, Arkansas, the Chickasaw sold a 640-acre parcel to the U. S. Government, which named it the Sulphur Springs Reservation in 1902.[5] Platt National ParkIn 1902, Orville H. Platt, a U.S. Senator from the state of Connecticut, introduced legislation to establish the 640-acre Sulphur Springs Reservation, protecting 32 freshwater and mineral springs, in Murray County, Oklahoma (then part of Indian Territory). The reservation officially opened to the public April 29, 1904.[6] On June 29, 1906, Congress re-designated the reservation as Platt National Park, named for the senator, a year after his death. It had the distinctions of being the seventh and smallest national park created in the United States as well as the only national park in Oklahoma, until its redesignation as a National Recreation Area in 1976. Since then, Gateway Arch National Park has taken its place as the smallest national park at just 91 acres. Visitors soon thronged to the new national park. Both the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway (Frisco) and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (Santa Fe) had built spur lines to Sulphur, which became the main entrance to the park. According to the National Park Service (NPS), in 1914, Platt had more visitors than either Yellowstone or Yosemite.[7] In the 1930s, crews of the New Deal Civilian Conservation Corps developed the park's infrastructure, applying then-popular ideas of landscape design to create a tranquil and scenic oasis. The environment built during this time has remained well-preserved,[8] and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2011. Creation of CNRAPlatt National Park was abolished by Congress and made part of the much larger Chickasaw National Recreation Area (CNRA) in 1976, which included Lake of the Arbuckles.[9] In 1983, the city of Sulphur traded the 67-acre Veterans Lake to the recreation area in exchange for a strip of land above the State Highway Seven bridge.[3] In 2011, the United States Mint issued a quarter featuring the Chickasaw's Lincoln Bridge, a limestone bridge built in 1909 to commemorate the 100th birthday of Abraham Lincoln, as part of its America the Beautiful Quarters series.[10] Travertine districtTravertine district, embracing the old Platt National Park, is like a large city park, three miles long and less than one mile wide. A narrow road circles the district, passing by parking areas, camp and picnic grounds, the Travertine Nature Center, swimming holes, springs, and a bison pasture. Travertine Creek, joined by Rock Creek, flows through the district, rising in Antelope Springs and Buffalo Springs at the eastern end of the park. The springs produce 5 million gallons per day (20 million liters) of cool, crystal clear-water and form Travertine Creek which is joined by Rock Creek about 2 miles from its source. A number of other fresh water and mineral springs contribute to Travertine and Rock Creek as they flow through Travertine District, dropping in small waterfalls over several ledges. Several miles of walking and biking trails wind through the heavily forested creek bottomland. Very popular and often crowded in summer, the Travertine district has been described as an oasis in the Oklahoma prairie.[11]Lake of the Arbuckles{{main|Lake of the Arbuckles}}Most of the National Recreational Area is taken up by the 2,350 acre (950 ha) Lake of the Arbuckles and the prairie and woodland along its shores. The scenic lake is a principal water supply reservoir for the city of Ardmore, some 30 mi (48 km) to the southwest. Lake of the Arbuckles was built by the Bureau of Reclamation in 1966 by impounding Rock Creek. Water quality and clarity are excellent. The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation has rated the lake as the best for bass fishing in the state[12]. The lake features 36 miles of shoreline. Fishing is permitted year-round for crappie, catfish, largemouth bass, white bass and bluegill. Facilities include three campgrounds for tents and RVs, picnic areas, public restrooms, boat docks and ramps, and several miles of multi-use trails.[11] Hunting is also allowed, and typically hunted species are quail, turkey, squirrel, rabbit, dove, ducks, geese, and deer. However, due to heavy hunting pressure and small area size, game is declining and trapping is prohibited. Hunting regulations and certain special rules (such as not killing male deer), are designed to regulate the hunt.[13] {{-}}See also
References1. ^{{NPS area |year=2011 |accessdate=2012-12-16}} 2. ^{{NPS visitation|accessdate=2012-12-26}} 3. ^1 Constance A. Rudd, "Chickasaw National Recreation Area." Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. 4. ^Chickasaw National Recreation Area - History & Culture (U.S. National Park Service) 5. ^National Park Service. Chickasaw National Recreation Area. Remembering Platt National Park. Retrieved December 22, 2013. 6. ^byNational Park Service. Chickasaw National Recreation Area. "Creating the Park:1902-1910."Retrieved December 24, 2013. 7. ^National Park Service. Chickasaw National Recreation Area. "The Civilian Conservation Corps at Platt National Park." Retrieved December 24, 2013. 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nhl/news/LC/fall2010/PlattES.pdf|title=Executive Summary of National Historic Landmark nomination for Platt National Park Historic District|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2017-03-27}} 9. ^Cold Splinters. "Platt National Park/Oklahoma Oasis." Retrieved December 22, 2013. 10. ^Michael Overall, "Chickasaw quarter to debut as part of special coin series", Tulsa World, November 16, 2011. 11. ^1 "Chickasaw National Recreation Area" Visitors Guide, National Park Service. 12. ^http://www.travelok.com/listings/view.profile/id.4362 accessed on 6-28-2010 13. ^{{cite web|title=Hunting - Chickasaw National Recreation Area|url=http://www.nps.gov/chic/planyourvisit/hunting.htm|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2012-12-16}}
Further reading
External links{{Wikivoyage}}{{commonscat|Chickasaw National Recreation Area}}
15 : Protected areas of Murray County, Oklahoma|National Park Service National Recreation Areas|National Park Service areas in Oklahoma|Civilian Conservation Corps in Oklahoma|Nature centers in Oklahoma|Protected areas established in 1976|1976 establishments in Oklahoma|National Register of Historic Places in Murray County, Oklahoma|Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma|National Historic Landmarks in Oklahoma|Geography of Oklahoma|Tourist attractions in Oklahoma|Environment of Oklahoma|Protected areas of Oklahoma|National Recreation Areas of the United States |
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