| 词条 | Clan Maxwell |
| 释义 |
|clan name = Clan Maxwell |image badge = |chiefs crest = |chiefs motto = |chiefs slogan = |war cry = |region = Lowland |district = Dumfries |gaelic names = Macsuail |image arms =Arms of Maxwell, Earls of Nithsdale.svg |plant badge = |animal = |pipe music = |chiefs name = |chiefs title = |chiefs gaelic title= |seat = |historic seat = Caerlaverock Castle |septs = Adair, Blackstock, Dinwiddie, Dinwoddie, Dinwoodie, Dunwoodie, Edgar, Egarr, Halldykes, Herries, Kirk, Kirkdale, Kirkhaugh, Kirkland, Kirko, Latimer, Latimore, Macetterick, Macettrick, Macgetrick, Macgettrich, Macgettrick, Macghittich, Machethrick, Macittrick, Mackethrick, Macketterick, Mackitterick, Mackittrick, Macsata, Macsetree, Maxey, Maxon, Maxton, Monreith, Moss, Nithdale, Paulk, Peacock, Poak, Pogue, Poke, Polk, Pollock, Pollok, Sturgeon, and Wardlaw |branches =Maxwell of Cardoness[1] Maxwell of Monreith[1] Maxwell of Sprinkel[1] Maxwell of Pollock[1] |Allied clans =Clan Pollock Clan Heron |Rival clans =Clan Johnstone Clan Douglas |last chiefs name= William Maxwell of Carruchan |date of death of last chief= 1863 |commander = }}Clan Maxwell is a Lowland Scottish clan and is recognized as such by the Lord Lyon King of Arms.[1] However, as the clan does not currently have a chief it is considered an Armigerous clan.[1] HistoryOrigins of the ClanThe claimed origin of the name Maxwell is that it comes from Maccus Well, a pool in the River Tweed near Kelso, Scottish Borders.[1] Maccus was believed to be a Norse chief who lived during the reign of David I of Scotland.[1] Sir John Maxwell was Chamberlain of Scotland but he died without issue and was succeeded by his younger brother, Aymer.[1] From Aymer's sons sprang many branches of the family throughout south-west Scotland.[1] Wars of Scottish IndependenceSir Herbert Maxwell appears on the Ragman Rolls of 1296, swearing fealty to Edward I of England.[1] Herbert's son, Eustace Maxwell held Caerlaverock Castle as a vassal of the English, however he later followed Robert the Bruce to the Battle of Bannockburn.[1] 15th and 16th centuriesEustace's descendant, another Sir Herbert, was created Lord Maxwell in about 1440.[1] He took a seat as a Lord of Parliament.[1] A branch of the clan, the Maxwells of Monreith descend from his second son and they were later created baronets in 1681.[1] The fifth Lord Maxwell intrigued with King Henry VII of England.[1] In 1526 the Maxwells supported Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus at the Battle of Melrose where they defeated the forces of Sir Walter Scott.[2] However, by 1542 King James V of Scotland had appointed him Warden of the Marches.[1] Also in 1542 Lord Maxwell was captured at the Battle of Solway Moss.[1] John Maxwell, the seventh Lord Maxwell was a devout Catholic throughout the Scottish Reformation and he was linked to a number of plots to restore Mary, Queen of Scots to the throne.[1] After Mary was executed in 1587 and after the defeat of the Spanish Armada, Lord Maxwell continued to correspond with Philip II of Spain trying to gain support for a Catholic revolution.[1] However Maxwell was killed in 1593 in a feud with the Clan Johnstone of Lockerbie.[1] (See: Battle of Dryfe Sands). The feud continued and the next Lord Maxwell shot Sir James Johnstone.[1] Maxwell's brother, Robert, succeeded to the Maxwell title and was created Earl of Nithsdale in 1620.[1][3] 17th centuryLord Maxwell was also at feud with the powerful Clan Douglas over the Earldom of Morton, which he regarded as his inheritance.[3] For this quarrel he was imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle in 1607. After escaping, he shot Sir James in the back during a meeting held "under trust", and he fled to France. He was convicted of treason in his absence and sentenced to death. On his return to Scotland in 1612 he was arrested, and was beheaded at Edinburgh on 21 May 1613.[4][5] 18th century & Jacobite risingsThe fifth Earl of Nithsdale was a staunch Jacobite and was captured at the Battle of Preston (1715)[3] during the Jacobite rising of 1715.[1] He was sentenced to death and imprisoned in the Tower of London.[1][3] However, with the assistance of his wife Winifred,[3] he disguised himself as a serving woman and the couple fled to Rome where the earl died in 1744.[1] Castles
TartanSee also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Way, George and Squire, Romily. Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). Published in 1994. Pages 429 - 430. 2. ^Battle of Darnick historic-scotland.gov.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2014. 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Maxwell |volume=17 |pages=928–929}} 4. ^{{citation |url=https://archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun06pauluoft#page/485/mode/1up |title=Maxwell, Earl of Nithsdale |work=The Scots Peerage |authorlink=James Balfour Paul |last=Balfour Paul |first=James |year=1904 |publisher=D. Douglas |location=Edinburgh |volume=VI |pages=482–487}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/index1705.htm |title=Maxwell, Lord (S, 1445 - forfeited 1716) |work=Cracroft's Peerage |publisher=Heraldic Media Limited |accessdate=17 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703055244/http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/index1705.htm |archivedate=3 July 2012 |df=dmy }} External links
2 : Clan Maxwell|Armigerous clans |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。