| 词条 | Clermont State Historic Site |
| 释义 |
| nrhp_type=nhl | nrhp_type2 = nhldcp | nocat = yes | image = Clermont-manor.jpg | caption = | location = One mile North of Tivoli, New York | coordinates = {{coord|42|05|09|N|73|55|10|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = New York#USA | area = | built = 1782 | architecture= Georgian | designated_nrhp_type = November 28, 1972[1] | added = February 18, 1971[2] | refnum = 71000535[2] | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation }} The Clermont State Historic Site, also known as the Clermont estate, the Clermont Manor or just Clermont, is a New York State Historic Site in southwestern Columbia County, New York, United States. It protects the former estate of the Livingston family, seven generations of whom lived on the site over more than two centuries. HistoryThe name Clermont derives from "clear mountain" in French and was inspired by the view of the Catskill Mountains across the Hudson River from the estate. The estate was established by Robert Livingston following the death of his father, the first Lord of Livingston Manor, in 1728; while most of the manor was inherited by the eldest son Philip Livingston, {{convert|13000|acre}} in the southwest corner, later named Clermont, was willed to Robert. The original house was built about 1740. Robert Livingston of Clermont died on June 27, 1775 and the estate passed to his son, Robert, who was known as 'Judge Livingston' to distinguish him from his father. Judge Livingston was a member of the New York General Assembly from 1759 to 1768, served as judge of the admiralty court from 1760 to 1763 and was a delegate to the Stamp Act Congress of 1765. He married Margaret Beekman, daughter of Colonel Henry Beekman. Their son, Robert R. Livingston, later known as "Chancellor", served on the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Judge Robert died about six months after his father, on December 9, 1775. Burning and rebuildingIn October 1777, British ships sailed upriver from New York City in support of General John Burgoyne who was north of Albany. That same force had already stormed two forts in the Hudson Highlands and burned Kingston, New York. Major General John Vaughan led a raiding party to Clermont and burned Livingston's home because of the family's role in the rebellion. Margaret Beekman Livingston rebuilt the family home between 1779 and 1782. Robert R. Livingston became the estate's most prominent resident. Chancellor Livingston administered the oath of office to President George Washington, became Secretary of Foreign Affairs, and negotiated the Louisiana Purchase.[3] He also partnered with Robert Fulton in 1807, to create the first commercially successful steamboat on the Hudson River, the North River Steamboat (later known as the Clermont), which stopped at the house on its inaugural trip.[4] The homes's final Livingston owners were John Henry Livingston and his wife Alice. They added to the home and greatly valued the homes important historical role. During their ownership, the Chancellor's second house, Arryl House, burned in 1909, the ruins of which are still visible at the south end of the property. Alice Livingston was responsible for creating many of the landscaped gardens that are continued to this day. Following John Henry's death, Alice turned the mansion and property over to the state in 1962 so that all the people of New York.[5] Present dayThe house is now a New York State Historic Site and was designated a United States National Historic Landmark in 1972.[1][6] It is a contributing property to another National Historic Landmark, the Hudson River Historic District. Although located in the town of Clermont, its mailing address is in the nearby town of Germantown. See also{{Portal|Hudson Valley}}
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1122&ResourceType=Building|title=Clermont|date=2007-09-10|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605233334/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1122&ResourceType=Building|archivedate=2011-06-05|df=}} 2. ^1 {{NRISref|2007a}} 3. ^"Clermont State Historic Site", NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation 4. ^"A Brief History of Clermony", Friends of Clermont {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070923074434/http://www.friendsofclermont.org/history/ |date=2007-09-23 }} 5. ^{{cite web |title=The Livingstons and their Riverfront House |url=https://www.friendsofclermont.org/the-livingstons |website=www.friendsofclermont.org |publisher=Friends of Clermont Historic Site |accessdate=18 October 2018 |language=en}} 6. ^{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory: "Clermont"-Livingston Lower Manor|url={{NHLS url|id=71000535}} |format=pdf|author=Charles W. Snell|date=April 20, 1972 |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=71000535|title=Accompanying 2 photos, exterior, from 1971.|photos=y}} {{small|(103 KiB)}} Further reading
External links{{Commons}}{{commons|Clermont Manor}}
16 : Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)|American Revolutionary War sites|Museums in Columbia County, New York|Biographical museums in New York (state)|New York state historic sites|National Historic Landmarks in New York (state)|Livingston family residences|Houses completed in 1782|Hudson River|Historic house museums in New York (state)|Houses in Columbia County, New York|Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area|Historic American Buildings Survey in New York (state)|Historic district contributing properties in New York (state)|National Register of Historic Places in Columbia County, New York|1782 establishments in New York (state) |
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