“Closely Watched Trains”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The young Miloš Hrma, who speaks with misplaced pride of his family of misfits and malingerers, is engaged as a newly trained station guard in a small railway station during the Second World War and the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. He admires himself in his new uniform, and looks forward, like his prematurely retired railwayman father, to avoiding real work. The sometimes pompous stationmaster is an enthusiastic pigeon-breeder with a kind wife, but is envious of the train dispatcher Hubička's success with women. Miloš holds an as-yet platonic love for the pretty, young conductor Máša. The experienced Hubička presses for details of their relationship and realizes that Miloš is still a virgin.

The idyll of the railway station is periodically disturbed by the arrival of the councillor, Zednicek, a Nazi collaborator, who spouts propaganda at the staff without success. At her initiative, Máša spends the night with Miloš, but in his youthful excitability he ejaculates prematurely before achieving penetration and then is unable to perform sexually; and the next day, despairing, he attempts suicide. He is saved, and a young doctor explains to him that ejaculatio praecox is normal at Miloš's age. The doctor recommends Miloš to "think of something else" (at which point Miloš volunteers an interest in football), and to seek the assistance of an experienced woman. During the nightshift, Hubička flirts with the young telegraphist, Zdenička, and imprints her thighs and buttocks with the office's rubber stamps. Her mother sees the stamps and complains to Hubička's superiors, and the ensuing scandal helps to frustrate the stationmaster's ambition of being promoted to inspector.

The Germans and their collaborators are on edge, since their trains are being attacked by the partisans. A glamorous Resistance agent (a circus artist in peacetime), code-named Viktoria Freie, delivers a time bomb to Hubička for use in blowing up a large ammunition train. At Hubička's request, the "experienced" Viktoria also helps Miloš to resolve his sexual problem.

The next day, at the crucial moment when the ammunition train is approaching, Hubička is caught up in a farcical disciplinary hearing, overseen by Zednicek, over his rubber stamping of Zdenička's backside. In Hubička's place, Miloš, liberated by his experience with Viktoria from his former passivity, takes the time bomb and drops it from a semaphore gantry, that extends transversely above the tracks, onto the train. A machine-gunner on the train, spotting Miloš, sprays him with bullets, and his body falls onto the train.^[3] With the Nazi collaborator Zednicek winding up the disciplinary hearing, dismissing the Czech people as "nothing but laughing hyenas" (a phrase actually employed by the senior Nazi official Reinhard Heydrich^[4]), the implicit retort to his jibe comes in the form of a huge series of explosions that destroys the train.^[5] Now Hubička and the other railwaymen are indeed laughing — to express their joy at the blow to the Nazi occupiers — and it is left to a wistful Máša to pick up Miloš's uniform cap, hurled across the station by the power of the blast.

Cast

Production

The film is based on a 1965 novel of the same name by the noted Czech author Bohumil Hrabal, whose work Jiří Menzel had already begun to adapt in 1965 in the short The Death of Mr. Balthazar, a segment from the anthology film of Hrabal stories Pearls from the Deep.^[4] Barrandov Studios first offered the film project to the more experienced directors Evald Schorm and Vera Chytilova, neither of whom saw a way to adapt the book to film,^[6] before offering it to Menzel as his feature-film debut. Menzel and Hrabal worked together closely on the script, making a number of modifications to the novel.^[6] Menzel's first choice for the lead role of Milos was Vladimír Pucholt, who however was occupied filming Jiří Krejčík's Svatba jako řemen. At one point Menzel considered playing the role himself, but concluded that at almost 28 he was too old. Fifteen non-professional actors were tested, before the wife of Ladislav Fikar (a poet and publisher) came up with the suggestion of the pop singer Václav Neckář.^[6] Menzel has related that he himself took on the cameo role of the doctor only at the last minute after the actor originally cast failed to show up for shooting. Filming began in late February and lasted until the end of April 1966. Locations were used in and around the station building in Loděnice.^[7] The association between Menzel and Hrabal was to continue. They collaborated on the script of the long-banned film Larks on a String, filmed in 1969 but not released until 1990, and after Hrabal's death in 1997 Menzel filmed another of Hrabal's novels, I Served the King of England, released in 2007.

Reception

The film premiered in Czechoslovakia on 18 November 1966.^[8] Release outside Czechoslovakia took place in the following year.

Critical response

In his study of the Czechoslovak New Wave, Peter Hames places the film in a broader context, connecting it inter alia to the most famous anti-hero of Czech literature, Jaroslav Hašek's The Good Soldier Švejk, a fictional World War 1 soldier whose artful evasion of duty and undermining of authority are sometimes held to epitomize characteristic Czech qualities:

Awards and honors

See also

References

1. ^"Big Rental Films of 1968", Variety, 8 January 1969 p 15. Please note this figure is a rental accruing to distributors.
2. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1968 |title=The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners |accessdate=2011-11-12|work=oscars.org}}
3. ^In an alternative version of the ending, not usually shown, Miloš is not shot and does not fall onto the train, but he is killed anyway when, unexpectedly, the train, having received the time bomb that Miloš has dropped onto it, proceeds forward and away from Miloš and the gantry for some distance but then unaccountably stops and backs up underneath the gantry, where it then explodes, destroying the gantry and killing Miloš.{{Citation needed|date=July 2014}}
4. ^¹Hames, Peter. The Czechoslovak New Wave. Second Edition, 2005, London and New York, Wallflower Press.
5. ^{{cite book |title=Český hraný film IV./Czech Feature Film IV. (1961-1970) |last=Collective of editors |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=Národní filmový archiv |location=Prague |isbn=80-7004-115-3 |page= |pages=339–344 |url= }}
6. ^¹²³Hames.
7. ^{{Cite web|last=Taussig|first=Pavel|url=http://instinkt.tyden.cz/rubriky/ostatni/serial/ostre-sledovane-vlaky_25187.html|title=Ostře sledované vlaky|language=Czech|work=instinkt.tyden.cz|publisher=Empresa Media|accessdate=2011-07-08 |date=2010-05-07|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329012301/http://instinkt.tyden.cz/rubriky/ostatni/serial/ostre-sledovane-vlaky_25187.html|archivedate=2012-03-29|df=}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.csfd.cz/film/6664-ostre-sledovane-vlaky/|title=Ostře sledované vlaky|language=Czech|work=Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze|publisher=POMO Media Group|accessdate=2011-10-07}}
9. ^{{Cite web|authorlink=Bosley Crowther|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=1967-10-16|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9804E0D9123BE53BBC4E52DFB667838C679EDE|title=Closely Watched T/rains (1966)|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2011-10-07}}
10. ^{{Cite web|author=Staff writer|year=1966|url=http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117793773?refcatid=31|title=Ostre Sledovane Vlaky|work=Variety|accessdate=2011-10-07}}

Plot