| 词条 | Icelandic nationality law |
| 释义 |
|short_title = Icelandic Citizenship Act |legislature = Parliament of Iceland |image = Coat of arms of Iceland.svg |imagesize = |imagealt = |caption = |long_title = An Act relating to Icelandic citizenship |citation = |territorial_extent = |enacted_by = Government of Iceland |date_enacted = |date_passed = |enacted_by2 = |date_enacted2 = |date_passed2 = |date_assented = |royal_assent = |date_signed = |signed_by = |date_commenced = |date_of_expiry = |date_repealed = |administered_by = |bill = |bill_citation = |bill_date = |introduced_by = |1st_reading = |2nd_reading = |3rd_reading = |conf_committee_passed = |committee_report = |bill2 = |bill_citation2 = |bill_date2 = |introduced_by2 = |1st_reading2 = |2nd_reading2 = |3rd_reading2 = |conf_committee_passed2 = |committee_report2 = |date_conf_committee = |white_paper = |amendments = |repeals = |related_legislation = |summary = |keywords = |status = current }} Icelandic nationality law is based upon the principles of jus sanguinis. In other words, descent from an Icelandic parent is the primary method of acquiring Icelandic citizenship. Birth in Iceland to foreign parents does not in itself grant Icelandic citizenship. Icelandic law changed on 1 July 2003 to remove restrictions on dual citizenship. Former Icelandic citizens who lost Icelandic citizenship before this date had until 1 July 2007 to reclaim Icelandic citizenship. Birth in IcelandIn general, if a person is born in Iceland they will receive Icelandic citizenship after the age of 18. Descent from an Icelandic parentA person acquires Icelandic citizenship at birth if:
Prior to 1 July 1982, acquisition of Icelandic citizenship from an Icelandic mother was restricted.[4] Those born to an Icelandic mother and a foreign father between 1 July 1964 and 30 June 1982 may be permitted to apply for Icelandic citizenship by declaration. Naturalisation as an Icelandic citizenA person may be naturalised as an Icelandic citizen after seven years' residence in Iceland. There are various concessions to the residence requirement:
Applicants are expected to be of good character and capable of supporting themselves in Iceland. Since 1 July 2003, applicants have not been required to renounce any foreign citizenship they may hold. Declaration of Icelandic citizenshipIn some circumstances, persons are able to become Icelandic citizens by declaration. This is a simpler process than naturalisation:
Persons not eligible for Icelandic citizenship by declaration may still be eligible for naturalisation. Icelandic citizenship by adoptionA person adopted by Icelandic citizens normally acquires Icelandic citizenship on that basis if aged under 12. Where the adoption takes place outside Iceland, an application for citizenship is required. Icelandic citizenship by lawEach year, a number of people petition Alþingi to acquire Icelandic citizenship by law. This is usually done if a person does not qualify for acquiring citizenship in any other way. One notable example of this process was the controversial chess champion Bobby Fischer. Loss of Icelandic citizenshipIcelandic citizenship used to be lost through the acquisition of another citizenship, and it can in some circumstances be lost as a result of residence outside Iceland: Acquisition of another citizenshipAn Icelandic citizen who naturalised in another country before 1 July 2003 generally lost Icelandic citizenship automatically. The option to resume citizenship by declaration was available until 1 July 2007. Residence overseasAn Icelandic citizen born outside Iceland is liable to lose Icelandic citizenship upon turning age 22 unless:
An Icelandic citizen who holds no other nationality cannot lose Icelandic citizenship on this basis. Dual citizenshipWith effect from 1 July 2003, there are no restrictions on Icelandic citizens holding dual citizenship. Prior to that date, dual citizenship was only permitted in limited circumstances (such as where another citizenship was acquired alongside Icelandic citizenship at birth). Travel freedom of Icelandic citizens{{Main|Visa requirements for Icelandic citizens}}Visa requirements for Icelandic citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Iceland. In 2015, Icelandic citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 164 countries and territories, ranking the Icelandic passport 8th in the world according to the Visa Restrictions Index. The Icelandic nationality is ranked 3rd in The Quality of Nationality Index (QNI). This index differs from the Henley Passport Index, which focuses on external factors including travel freedom. The QNI considers in addition to travel freedom on internal factors such as peace & stability, economic strength, human development as well. See also
References1. ^ article 1 (1.gr.) https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/1952100.html 2. ^ article 1 (1.gr.) https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/1952100.html 3. ^ article 1 (1.gr.) https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/1952100.html 4. ^https://grapevine.is/news/2018/02/07/icelandic-man-doesnt-get-icelandic-citizenship/ External links
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