“Corfe Castle (village)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Corfe Castle is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset. It is the site of a ruined castle of the same name. The village and castle stand over a gap in the Purbeck Hills on the route between Wareham and Swanage. The village lies in the gap below the castle, and is some eight kilometres (five miles) south-east of Wareham, and the same distance west of Swanage. Both the current main A351 road from Lytchett Minster to Swanage and the Swanage Railway thread their way through the gap and the village.

The civil parish of Corfe Castle stretches across the width of the Isle of Purbeck, with coasts facing both the English Channel and Poole Harbour. It therefore includes sections of both the low-lying sandy heathland that lies to the north of the castle, and the rugged Jurassic Coast upland to the south.

History

Burial mounds around the common of Corfe Castle suggest that the area was occupied from 6000BC. The common also points to a later Celtic field system worked by the Durotriges tribe. Evidence suggests that the tribe co-existed with the Romans in a trading relationship following the Roman invasion c. 50AD.^[1]

The name "Corfe" is derived from the Saxon word, ceorfan, meaning to cut or carve, referring to the gap in the Purbeck hills where Corfe Castle is situated.

In the 18th century the extraction of clay developed as an industry in the village, with activity expanding significantly in the middle of the century with the arrival of William Pike, a merchant from Devon. In 1791 Pike signed a five-year contract with Josiah Wedgwood to supply 1200 tons of clay and search for further deposits.^[2] From the 1796 Corfe Castle Census of the 96 men involved in local industries and living in the town, 55 were clay cutters. Clay extraction continued to provide a major employment for the local population until the 20th century.

Geography

The parish of Corfe Castle (area 37.45 km²) encompasses a broad swathe of the Isle of Purbeck. To the south it includes the smaller village of Kingston and a section of the Jurassic Coast facing the English Channel. To the north it includes a large area of heathland stretching as far as the southern shore of Poole Harbour, where Furzey, Green, Long and Round little islands also form part of the parish.^[3] The village is constructed almost completely from the local grey Purbeck limestone and comprises two main streets, East Street and West Street, linked at their north end at the Square.

Landmarks

The National Trust runs a shop and a tearoom in the village. The Corfe Model Village, located on the village square, is a 1/20 scale model that shows what the castle and village would have looked like in 1646 before the castle was slighted.^[4] Within the Church of St. Edward is an alabaster reredos inset with carvings in white marble, designed by the famous Victorian architect George Edmund Street R.A., which was presented by Lord Eldon in 1876.^[5] A cross in the square commemorates Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee of 1897. Next to the cross is a defunct village pump, bearing the village's coat of arms.^[6]

Corfe Castle

The castle stands above the village and dates back in some form to the 10th century. It was the site of the murder of Edward the Martyr in 978.

During the English Civil War it was a Royalist stronghold and was besieged twice, in 1643 and again in 1646.

Governance

The former royal status of Corfe meant that it existed as a borough electing two members of parliament. In the 17th and 18th centuries, with the Bankes's owning much of the property and thereby controlling most of the votes, the town was a rotten borough. The Bankes family was able to ensure that at least one of the MPs returned to the House of Commons was a member of the family or a Bankes nominee. The Reform Act 1832 abolished the rotten boroughs and Corfe lost its direct representation. The village and castle were part of Corfe Castle hundred.

The parish now forms part of the District of Purbeck. It is within the South Dorset constituency of the House of Commons and the South West England constituency of the European Parliament.^[3]^[7]^[8] There is an electoral ward called Castle which is based on the village but this includes Studland and the intermediate areas. The total population of Castle ward is 1,780.^[9]

Demography

In the 2011 census Corfe Castle civil parish had 738 dwellings,^[10] 612 households and a population of 1,355.^[11]

Transport

The main route through the village is East Street which forms part of the A351 main road taking traffic to Wareham in the north and Swanage in the south. Separating the two streets is an area of common land called "the Halves".

Corfe Castle railway station lies to the east of East Street, adjacent to the village centre. Originally the only intermediate station on the London and South Western Railway's branch line from Wareham to Swanage, the station is now a stop on the Swanage Railway, a steam locomotive operated heritage railway. The railway links the tourist centres of Corfe Castle and Swanage with each other, and with a Park and Ride site at Norden station just to the north of Corfe Castle.

Notable residents

The village was for many years the residence of composer Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji.

Brendan Flockton, who scored the goal that won the local football team the Dorset Senior League title, lives in Corfe

Cultural references

Keith Roberts, an English science fiction writer living nearby set his novel Pavane partly around the castle and similar events in an alternate history.

The children's author Enid Blyton spent time in the area and some of her adventure stories like The Famous Five (Kirrin Island) featured castles that were said to be based on Corfe Castle.

In 1957 the Children's Film Foundation (CFF) movie "Five on a Treasure Island" was filmed in and around Corfe Castle, Corfe Castle Village and the Jurassic Coast (Durdle Door and Stairhole at Lulworth Cove).

The castle is a central setting in Ron Dawson's children's story, 'Scary Bones meets the Wacky Witches of Wareham'. One of the 'Amazing adventures of Scary Bones the Skeleton' series, the story tells how a wicked wizard has become part of the castle itself.

Corfe was featured in the 1971 film Bedknobs and Broomsticks released by The Walt Disney Company, doubling as the fictional village of Pepperinge Eye.

The Castle itself features prominently in Mike Leigh's 1976 TV play "Nuts in May". The two main characters, Keith and Candice-Marie, pay a visit to the castle during their camping holiday.

The backside of Corfe Castle plus Oliver's Bistro in Corfe Castle Village are featured in the German TV thriller "Am Ende des Schweigens" (At the End of the Silence) based on the novel by Charlotte Link.

The juxtaposition of castle and steam train at Corfe Castle is familiar to many television viewers throughout Southern England, as it features in the opening sequences of the BBC's South Today regional news programme along with the official train.

An episode of Mary Queen of Shops centred on Mary Portas revamping the village's convenience store.

See also

References

1. ^History. The Corfe Castle Chamber of Trade & Commerce. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
2. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-y_Jy8UvR-sC&pg=PA72&lpg=PA72&dq=josiah+wedgwood+corfe+castle+1791&source=bl&ots=zMbE5kJXrH&sig=QZnc5Z6H19gaWOyeY_sLnGaiOyI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjat6XL5-fKAhWJWhoKHe7-B4gQ6AEIMzAE#v=onepage&q=josiah%20wedgwood%20corfe%20castle%201791&f=false |title=Locating the Industrial Revolution: Inducement and Response |first=Eric Lionel |last=Jones |year=2010 |publisher=World Scientific |page=72 |isbn=978-9814295253}}
3. ^¹{{cite book | title = OS Explorer Map OL15 – Purbeck & South Dorset | publisher = Ordnance Survey | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-319-23865-3 }}
4. ^{{cite web | title = Isle of Purbeck – Corfe Model Village | url = http://www.isleofpurbeck.com/corfemvill.html | publisher = isleofpurbeck.com | accessdate = 16 August 2007}}
5. ^Michael Habermann & Liane Hansen, 1996. Weekend Edition. National Public Radio; Alistair Hinton, 2000. "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji."
6. ^http://www.villagepumps.org.uk/corfecastle.htm
7. ^{{cite web | title = Corfe Castle – Dorset For You | url = http://www.dorsetforyou.com/index.jsp?articleid=324115 | publisher = Dorset For You Partnership | accessdate = 14 August 2007}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.purbeck.gov.uk/pdf/Parish%20Statistics1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927050126/http://www.purbeck.gov.uk/pdf/Parish%20Statistics1.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=27 September 2007 |title=Parish Statistics |publisher=Purbeck District Council |date=11 January 2007 |accessdate=12 August 2007 |df=dmy }}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/castle-e05003724#sthash.FEpw2BYP.dpbs|title=Castle ward 2011. Retrieved 27 Feb 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=https://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11122310&c=Corfe+Castle&d=16&e=62&g=6418125&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1423734057469&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2481 |title=Area: Corfe Castle (Parish). Dwellings, Household Spaces and Accommodation Type, 2011 (KS401EW) |publisher=Office for National Statistics |work=Neighbourhood Statistics |accessdate=12 February 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=https://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11122310&c=Corfe+Castle&d=16&e=62&g=6418125&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1423733419422&enc=1 |title=Area: Corfe Castle (Parish). Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics |publisher=Office for National Statistics |work=Neighbourhood Statistics |accessdate=12 February 2015}}