| 词条 | Cranbrook, British Columbia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Cranbrook |official_name = City of Cranbrook |settlement_type = City |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |motto = Mountains of Opportunity |image_skyline = Downtown Cranbrook.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = 10th Ave Cranbrook |image_flag = Cranbrook, BC flag.png |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Canada British Columbia |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption =Location of Cranbrook in British Columbia |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Canada}} |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|British Columbia}} |subdivision_type2 = Regional District |subdivision_name2 = East Kootenay |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Lee Pratt[1] |leader_title2 = Governing body |leader_name2 = Cranbrook City Council |leader_title3 = MP |leader_name3 = Wayne Stetski |leader_title4 = MLA |leader_name4 = Tom Shypitka |established_title = Established |established_date = 1898 |established_title2 = Incorporation |established_date2 = 1905 |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 31.95 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = Agglomeration |area_blank1_km2 = 4568.03 |population_as_of = 2016 |population_note = |population_total = 19,259 |population_metro = |population_blank1_title = Agglomeration |population_blank1 = 26,083 |population_blank2_title = Demonym |population_blank2 = Cranbrookite, Cranbrookian |population_density_km2 = 604.7 |population_density_sq_mi = |timezone = Mountain Standard (MST) |utc_offset = -7 |timezone_DST = Mountain Daylight (MDT) |utc_offset_DST = -6 |coordinates = {{coord|49|30|35|N|115|46|0|W|region:CA-BC|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 921 |elevation_ft = 3021 |postal_code_type = Forward sortation area |postal_code = V1C |area_code = 236, 250, 778 |blank_name = Telephone Exchanges |blank_info = 236-363, 250-417, 250-420, 250-421, 250-426, 250-464, 250-489, 250-581, 250-919, 778-261, 778-450, 778-517, 778-520, 778-550, 778-570, 778-687, 778-761, 778-963 |blank1_name = NTS Map |blank1_info = 082G05 |blank2_name = GNBC Code |blank2_info = JAIQY |blank3_name = Highways |blank3_info = {{jct|state=BC|Hwy|3}} {{jct|state=BC|Hwy|95}} {{jct|state=BC|Hwy|95A}} {{jct|state=BC|Hwy|93}} |website = City of Cranbrook |footnotes =City Data[2] }} Cranbrook ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|æ|n|b|r|ʊ|k}} {{respell|KRAN|bruuk}}) is a city in southeast British Columbia, Canada, located on the west side of the Kootenay River at its confluence with the St. Mary's River,[3] It is the largest urban centre in the region known as the East Kootenay. As of 2016, Cranbrook's population is 19,259[4] with a census agglomeration population of 26,083. It is the location of the headquarters of the Regional District of East Kootenay and also the location of the regional headquarters of various provincial ministries and agencies, notably the Rocky Mountain Forest District. Cranbrook is home to the Canadian Museum of Rail Travel which presents static exhibits of passenger rail cars built in the 1920s for the CPR and in the 1900s for the Spokane International Railway. It is also the home of the Kootenay Ice, a WHL hockey team, which has won the league title three times and the Memorial Cup once. HistoryOriginally inhabited by Ktunaxa peoples, the land that Cranbrook now occupies was bought by European settlers, notably Colonel James Baker who named his newly acquired land Cranbrook after his home in Cranbrook, Kent, England. In 1898, Baker had successfully convinced Canadian Pacific Railway to establish their Crowsnest Pass line through Cranbrook rather than nearby Gold Rush Boom Town Fort Steele. With that accomplishment Cranbrook became the major centre of the region, while Fort Steele declined; however, the latter is today a preserved heritage town. On November 1, 1905, Cranbrook was incorporated as a city. Some of the major industries include mining and forestry services, trades, and health care. GeographyWhile much of the city is relatively flat, Cranbrook is surrounded by many rising hills where many residential homes are located.[5] Cranbrook faces the Purcell Mountains to the west and the Rocky Mountains to the north and east. There are many lakes in close proximity to Cranbrook. Some of these lakes include Jim Smith Lake, Wasa Lake, Lazy Lake, Moyie Lake, Monroe Lake, Norbury Lake and Elizabeth Lake. Many of these lakes contain opportunities for boating, fishing and camping. There are public recreational beaches and provincial campgrounds. ClimateCranbrook features a humid continental climate under the Köppen climate classification. Environment Canada reports Cranbrook as having the most sunshine hours of any BC city at approximately 2190.5 hours annually. It is a fairly dry city throughout the year, and when precipitation does fall a good percentage of it will be in the form of snow. Environment Canada also states that the city experiences some of the lightest wind speeds year-round, has few foggy days, and has among the highest average barometric pressure of any city in Canada.[6] Frost-free days average 110 days, typically occurring between May 26 to September 14. Mean daily temperatures range from {{convert|-8.3|C|abbr=on|1}} to {{convert|18.2|C|abbr=on|1}}. However, temperatures can range from {{convert|-20|C|abbr=on|1}} in the winter to {{convert|35|C|abbr=on|1}} in the summer months. Overall, its climate is extremely similar to that of Kelowna, in the nearby Okanagan Valley to the west - especially in regard to precipitation patterns and total monthly accumulation. However, Kelowna is significantly warmer throughout all seasons. The highest temperature ever recorded in Cranbrook was {{convert|40.5|C|0}} on August 10th, 2018.[7] The coldest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-41.1|C|0}} on January 19, 1958.[8] {{Weather box|location = Cranbrook International Airport, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1901–present{{efn|Climate data was recorded at Cranbrook from January 1901 to March 1939 and at Cranbrook Airport from February 1938 to present.}} |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 13.9 |Feb record high C = 13.5 |Mar record high C = 22.4 |Apr record high C = 30.6 |May record high C = 34.2 |Jun record high C = 37.4 |Jul record high C = 38.9 |Aug record high C = 40.5 |Sep record high C = 33.9 |Oct record high C = 29.4 |Nov record high C = 19.5 |Dec record high C = 13.3 |year record high C = 40.5 |Jan high C = -1.9 |Feb high C = 1.9 |Mar high C = 7.5 |Apr high C = 12.9 |May high C = 17.9 |Jun high C = 21.6 |Jul high C = 26.2 |Aug high C = 26.0 |Sep high C = 19.9 |Oct high C = 11.7 |Nov high C = 2.7 |Dec high C = -3.4 |year high C = 11.9 |Jan mean C = -6.1 |Feb mean C = -3.2 |Mar mean C = 2.0 |Apr mean C = 6.6 |May mean C = 11.3 |Jun mean C = 15.0 |Jul mean C = 18.7 |Aug mean C = 18.2 |Sep mean C = 12.6 |Oct mean C = 5.7 |Nov mean C = -1.3 |Dec mean C = -7.2 |year mean C = 6.0 |Jan low C = -10.2 |Feb low C = -8.3 |Mar low C = -3.5 |Apr low C = 0.3 |May low C = 4.7 |Jun low C = 8.4 |Jul low C = 11.2 |Aug low C = 10.3 |Sep low C = 5.3 |Oct low C = -0.3 |Nov low C = -5.2 |Dec low C = -11.0 |year low C = 0.1 |Jan record low C = -41.1 |Feb record low C = -37.2 |Mar record low C = -30.0 |Apr record low C = -17.2 |May record low C = -12.2 |Jun record low C = -4.4 |Jul record low C = -1.7 |Aug record low C = -5.0 |Sep record low C = -12.2 |Oct record low C = -29.4 |Nov record low C = -31.8 |Dec record low C = -40.0 |year record low C = -41.1 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 25.5 |Feb precipitation mm = 18.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 22.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 24.6 |May precipitation mm = 46.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 62.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 38.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 28.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 31.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 20.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 35.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 32.7 |year precipitation mm = 385.3 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 4.5 |Feb rain mm = 4.2 |Mar rain mm = 10.8 |Apr rain mm = 19.9 |May rain mm = 44.1 |Jun rain mm = 62.1 |Jul rain mm = 38.3 |Aug rain mm = 28.0 |Sep rain mm = 30.8 |Oct rain mm = 16.5 |Nov rain mm = 14.5 |Dec rain mm = 5.8 |year rain mm = 279.5 |Jan snow cm = 25.3 |Feb snow cm = 18.2 |Mar snow cm = 12.5 |Apr snow cm = 5.4 |May snow cm = 1.5 |Jun snow cm = 0.0 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 0.6 |Oct snow cm = 3.8 |Nov snow cm = 23.7 |Dec snow cm = 34.4 |year snow cm = 125.3 |time day = 3pm |Jan humidity = 70.6 |Feb humidity = 58.7 |Mar humidity = 47.7 |Apr humidity = 40.9 |May humidity = 41.0 |Jun humidity = 42.2 |Jul humidity = 35.7 |Aug humidity = 35.6 |Sep humidity = 41.3 |Oct humidity = 49.7 |Nov humidity = 67.1 |Dec humidity = 73.4 |year humidity = 50.3 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days = 11.1 |Feb precipitation days = 8.5 |Mar precipitation days = 9.2 |Apr precipitation days = 8.8 |May precipitation days = 11.6 |Jun precipitation days = 13.6 |Jul precipitation days = 9.2 |Aug precipitation days = 8.4 |Sep precipitation days = 8.4 |Oct precipitation days = 8.2 |Nov precipitation days = 11.8 |Dec precipitation days = 12.8 |year precipitation days = 121.5 |unit rain days = 0.2 mm |Jan rain days = 2.8 |Feb rain days = 2.5 |Mar rain days = 5.4 |Apr rain days = 7.3 |May rain days = 11.4 |Jun rain days = 13.6 |Jul rain days = 9.2 |Aug rain days = 8.4 |Sep rain days = 8.4 |Oct rain days = 7.4 |Nov rain days = 5.7 |Dec rain days = 2.3 |year rain days= 84.2 |unit snow days = 0.2 cm |Jan snow days = 10.4 |Feb snow days = 7.2 |Mar snow days = 5.6 |Apr snow days = 2.7 |May snow days = 0.7 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.1 |Oct snow days = 1.2 |Nov snow days = 7.6 |Dec snow days = 12.2 |year snow days = 47.8 |Jan sun = 63.5 |Feb sun = 106.9 |Mar sun = 163.2 |Apr sun = 215.0 |May sun = 256.7 |Jun sun = 267.8 |Jul sun = 315.1 |Aug sun = 302.7 |Sep sun = 218.2 |Oct sun = 159.5 |Nov sun = 69.8 |Dec sun = 51.9 |year sun = 2190.5 |Jan percentsun = 23.7 |Feb percentsun = 37.5 |Mar percentsun = 44.4 |Apr percentsun = 52.2 |May percentsun = 54.0 |Jun percentsun = 55.0 |Jul percentsun = 64.2 |Aug percentsun = 67.7 |Sep percentsun = 57.5 |Oct percentsun = 47.6 |Nov percentsun = 25.5 |Dec percentsun = 20.4 |year percentsun = 45.8 |source 1 = Environment Canada[7][9][10][11][12] |date=February 26, 2017 }} Demographics
EducationSchoolsPublic schools are run by School District 5 Southeast Kootenay, consisting of seven elementary schools and two middle schools that feed into the city's only high school: Mount Baker Secondary School, home to approximately 1,000 students and 90 staff members. Mount Baker is the largest high school in school district five. Prior to 2004, the middle schools were referred to as junior high schools housing grades 8-10 rather than the current 7-9. However, due to declining enrollment, the school district adopted the new system. There is also a local home-school network. The following 13 schools are located in Cranbrook.
Post-secondary educationCranbrook is home to the main campus of the College of the Rockies, which has over 2,500 full and part-time students from over 21 countries.[15] TransportationCranbrook is at the junction of major highways 3 and 93/95, and due to its close proximity to the borders of Alberta and the United States, it is an important transportation hub. Cranbrook has a major Canadian Pacific Railway yard, which serves as a key gateway for trains arriving from and departing to the United States. The McPhee Bridge also known as the St. Mary's Bridge rises high above the St. Mary River and is near the Canadian Rockies International Airport and the Shadow Mountain Golf Community. It supports the thousands of people who travel between Kimberley and Cranbrook on highway 95A. Approximately {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} north is the Canadian Rockies International Airport, which has recently completed its 12.5 million dollar expansion including the lengthening of its runway from 6000 to 8000 feet in order to accommodate a limited number of international flights and an expansion to the Terminal for more passengers. The airport is served by Air Canada Jazz to Vancouver and Calgary, Pacific Coastal Airlines to Vancouver and Kelowna. On February 11, 1978, Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314, a Boeing 737-200, nearly impacted a snowplow on the runway at the airport in Cranbrook, then lost control and crashed, killing 42 of the 49 people on board. Cranbrook has a public transit system operated by BC Transit, which runs buses on eight different lines.[16] Sports and recreationWestern Financial Place (formerly called the RecPlex) is a pool and hockey arena in Cranbrook that opened in 2000 and is home to the Kootenay Ice.[17] A paved, two-lane {{convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}} trail exists between Cranbrook and Kimberley, BC.[18] This trail constitutes a section of the Trans-Canada Trail and is known as the Rails to Trails. Canadian Pacific Railway donated the rail right-of-way and the teardown of the railway began by CP Rail in 2009.[19] In addition to this trail, there are 2000 acres of wilderness to explore in the community forest.[20]Media
Notable peopleThe following notable people come from or were born in Cranbrook: {{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
Sister citiesCranbrook is twinned with
References1. ^Meet Our Mayor | City of Cranbrook {{Notelist}}2. ^{{Cite web|title = Population, Age characteristics, Dwellings, Houses, Language, Education, Work, Industry, Earnings, Income, Immigration, Citizenship, Labor|url = http://www.city-data.com/canada/Cranbrook-City.html|website = www.city-data.com|accessdate =November 16, 2015}} 3. ^BCGNIS entry "Cranbrook (city)"{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4. ^http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=POPC&Code1=0210&Geo2=PR&Code2=47&Data=Count&SearchText=Cranbrook&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 5. ^City of Cranbrook website. 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/weather/winners/city.cfm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=July 10, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060711175059/http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/weather/winners/city.cfm |archivedate=July 11, 2006|df= }} 7. ^1 {{cite web |title=Daily Data Report for August 2018 - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada |url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?StationID=50818 |website=climate.weather.gc.ca |accessdate=12 August 2018 |language=en}} 8. ^{{cite web |url= http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1938-02-01%7C1968-02-29&mlyRange=1938-01-01%7C1968-12-01&StationID=1173&Prov=BC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2017&selRowPerPage=25&Line=1&searchMethod=contains&Month=1&Day=1&txtStationName=cranbrook&timeframe=2&Year=1958|title=Daily Data Report for January 1958 |publisher= Environment Canada |accessdate=February 26, 2017 }} 9. ^{{cite web |url= http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=Cranbrook&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=1174&dispBack=0|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data |publisher= Environment Canada |accessdate=May 27, 2016 }} 10. ^{{cite web |url= http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=cranbrook&searchMethod=contains&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2017&optLimit=specDate&Year=1901&Month=1&Day=1&selRowPerPage=25|title=Cranbrook |publisher= Environment Canada |accessdate=February 26, 2017 }} 11. ^{{cite web |url= http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=cranbrook+a&searchMethod=contains&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2017&optLimit=specDate&Year=1938&Month=2&Day=1&selRowPerPage=25|title=Cranbrook A|publisher= Environment Canada |accessdate=February 26, 2017 }} 12. ^{{cite web |url= http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=cranbrook+airport+auto&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2017&Year=2017&Month=2&Day=25&selRowPerPage=25|title=Cranbrook Airport Auto|publisher= Environment Canada |accessdate=February 26, 2017 }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915025&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Burnaby&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&Custom= |title=Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Subdivision |publisher=2.statcan.gc.ca |date=December 6, 2010 |accessdate=April 13, 2013}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-558/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CSD&Code=59&Table=1&Data=Count&Sex=1&Age=1&StartRec=26&Sort=2&Display=Page&CSDFilter=5000 |title=Aboriginal Peoples - Data table |publisher=2.statcan.ca |date=October 6, 2010|accessdate=April 13, 2013}} 15. ^College of the Rockies website 16. ^Cranbrook Transit System. 17. ^"Cranbrook Rec Plex Becomes Western Financial Place", Cranbrook, August 1, 2012. 18. ^"The Trail", North Star Rails to Trails. 19. ^"History of the Trail", North Star Rails to Trails. 20. ^Cranbrook Community Forest Society web External links{{Commonscat|Cranbrook, British Columbia}}
1 : Cranbrook, British Columbia |
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