“Dale Warland Singers”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Dale Warland Singers (DWS) was a 40-voice professional chorus based in St. Paul, Minnesota, founded in 1972 by Dale Warland and disbanded in 2004. They performed a wide variety of choral repertoire but specialized in 20th-century music and commissioned American composers extensively. In terms of sound, the DWS was known for its purity of tone, intonation, legato sound and stylistic range. During their existence, the DWS performed roughly 400 concerts and recorded 29 CDs.^[1]

Biography

Warland’s first conducting job was in high school, in which he had to direct an offstage choir for a school musical. He also began writing music around this time, and even won first prize from the Iowa Federation of Music Clubs for one of his motets. Warland attended St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota, graduating in 1954, where he was directing his own choir in his junior year. After graduating, Warland served in the Air Force for two years where he led a choir consisting of officers and enlisted men. Afterwards, Warland earned his Master’s degree at the University of Minnesota in 1960 and his Doctorate at the University of Southern California in 1965. Warland taught at Humboldt State College (California), Keuka College (New York), and eventually settled at Macalester College in St. Paul, where he taught from 1967 to 1986.^[5]

History of the Choir

During his career as a college educator, Warland had expressed interest in conducting a professional choir in which the membership was more stable than a college choir.^[6] The actual inception of the Dale Warland Singers (DWS) took place in 1972, when Warland received a call from the Walker Art Center (Minneapolis) asking if he would put together a concert of new music. Warland assembled a choir of forty singers, and the concert, which took place on 12 June 1972, was a success.^[7]

The unique sound of the DWS is based on many factors. Warland decided he needed forty singers to attain the sound he wanted, rather than the standard sixteen to twenty for most chamber choirs.^[8] He chose singers not based on homogeneity but on personality and warmth.^[9] He would also audition and choose seating arrangements with his back to the ensemble so that he was judging by sound alone. Singers for the ensemble were chosen based on their strong musical skills, beautiful voice, solid vocal technique, and positive attitude.^[10] 355 singers participated in the organization during its existence.^[11]

Warland began the DWS during a time when professional choirs were uncommon.^[12] However, the 1980-81 season was a turning point in which the DWS offered its first subscription series and hired a full-time manager.^[13] In 1982, the DWS began to pay its singers,^[14] which set a new precedent for professional choirs nationally.^[15]

In 1975, the DWS began regularly performing at the Walker Art Center. The DWS made many tours across the country and to Europe. They have collaborated extensively with many notable ensembles and musicians including the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, Chanticleer, and the Dave Brubeck Quartet. The DWS has additionally sung under the conductors Robert Shaw, Leonard Slatkin, Stanislaw Skrowaczewski, Neville Mariner, Edo de Waart, Hugh Wolff, Bobby McFerrin, David Zinman, Roger Norrington, and James Conlon.^[16]

The DWS made many radio appearances, including Garrison Keilor's A Prairie Home Companion and annual broadcasts of "Echoes of Christmas" and "Cathedral Classics" which reached audiences of 1.5 million across the United States.^[17] The DWS have also appeared in feature film soundtracks, most notably those of "My Best Friend's Wedding" and "The Garden of Redemption."^[18]

The DWS presented its final concert, “I Have Had Singing: A Choral Celebration,” on 30 May 2004 at Orchestra Hall in Minneapolis. Warland had many reasons for retiring at this time. He was at his height musically and wanted time for other pursuits. Because the finances of the ensemble were usually a struggle (the choir never earned an endowment and rarely finished a concert season in the black), the board of directors decided that it was better to disband the choir than to find a successor.

The archives for the DWS are located at the Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music, which consists of the score library (including more than 1,100 copies of all 270 commissioned works), all organizational and artistic records, and over 300 audio and video recordings of the ensemble’s performances.^[19]

Literature

The mission statement of the DWS demonstrates its commitment to the best repertoire available: The mission of the Dale Warland Singers is to enrich, inspire and entertain its audiences through the superb, world-class performances of important a cappella choral music, while fostering awareness, understanding and appreciation of recent choral music repertoire.^[20]

The repertoire of the DWS consisted of works ranging from the great choral masterworks to American folk songs to vocal jazz. However, the choir’s specialization was twentieth century music.^[21] Commissioning and premiering new works was an important part of the DWS’s mission.^[22] Warland commissioned 270 works from 150 composers, which include Libby Larsen, Dominick Argento, Aaron Jay Kernis, George Shearing, Dave Brubeck, Peter Schickele, Alice Parker, Kirke Mechem, Mary Ellen Childs, Augusta Read Thomas, Janika Vandervelde, Bernard Rands, Emma Lou Diemer, Brent Michael Davids, Bill Banfield, and Eric Whitacre. Stephen Paulus, Frank Ferko and Carol Barnett have been composers-in-residence with the ensemble.^[23] Significant works commissioned by the DWS include Water Night by Eric Whitacre, A Procession Winding Around Me by Jeffery Van, and The Road Home by Stephen Paulus. In their final season alone, the DWS premiered sixteen new works by fourteen composers.^[24] In 1987, the DWS created a reading and commissioning program, called Choral Ventures, for emerging composers.^[25] This program resulted in the commissioning of over fifty works by emerging composers.^[26]

In honor of the DWS and their legacy to new music, the American Composers Forum established the "Dale Warland Singers Fund for New Choral Music" in 2004, dedicated to commissioning, performing and recording new choral works.^[27]

Significant performances

Awards

Warland

Dale Warland Singers

Discography

References

1. ^Mary K. Geston, "Dale Warland Singers," in Grove Music Online (Oxford University Press, 2001—), accessed 17 November 2013, http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/A2218924.
2. ^Carole Glenn, In Quest of Answers: Interviews with American Choral Conductors, (Chapel Hill, NC: Hinshaw Music, 1991), 269.
3. ^Brian Newhouse et al., “Dale Warland: 2001 Distinguished Artists,” The McKnight Foundation, September 2001, accessed 20 September 2013, http://www.issuelab.org/resource/dale_warland_2001_distinguished_artist.
4. ^Newhouse et al., “Distinguished Artists.”
5. ^Diana Leland, “Dale Warland: An Interview,” Choral Journal vol. 45, no. 1 (August 2004): 38.
6. ^Kevin Norberg, Commemorative Video: Dale Warland Singers 1972-2004, DVD, (Arden Hills, MN: Studio by the Pond, 2004).
7. ^Newhouse et al., “Distinguished Artists.”
8. ^Norberg, Commemorative Video.
9. ^Kelsey Menehan, “We Have Had Singing: The Legacy & Lessons of the Dale Warland Singers,” The Voice of Chorus America vol. 28, no. 1 (Fall 2004): 21.
10. ^Leland, “Dale Warland: An Interview,” 36.
11. ^Norberg, Commemorative Video
12. ^Matt Parish, "Changing the Culture of Professional Choirs," Choral Director vol. 10, no. 1 (January 2013), accessed 11 November 2013, http://search.proquest.com/docview/1317915950/141AE5E4108BB8A676.
13. ^Norberg, Commemorative Video.
14. ^Menehan, “We Have Had Singing,” 21.
15. ^Norberg, Commemorative Video.
16. ^Dale Warland Singers, "Dale Warland Singers, Farewell Concert, 30 May 2004, Orchestra Hall" (Concert program, 2004), accessed 17 November 2013, 6, http://drc.libraries.uc.edu/bitstream/handle/2374.UC/1771/20040530.pdf
17. ^Nilanjana Kundu, "The Dale Warland Singers Archive" (Finding aid, University of Cincinnati, 2004), 2, accessed 11 November 2013, http://www.libraries.uc.edu/libraries/arb/archives/collections/documents/DaleWarlandSingers.pdf.
18. ^DWS, "Farewell Concert," 30.
19. ^Menehan, “We Have Had Singing,” 19.
20. ^DWS, "Farewell Concert," 51
21. ^Glenn, In Quest of Answers, 78.
22. ^Menehan, “We Have Had Singing,” 21.
23. ^DWS, "Farewell Concert," 44
24. ^DWS, "Farewell Concert," 6.
25. ^DWS, Reincarnations.
26. ^Kundu, "The Dale Warland Singers Archive," 2004, 2.
27. ^Dale Warland Singers, '"American Composers Forum Establishes Endowment Fund to Honor Dale Warland Singers," accessed 17 November 2013, http://www.dalewarlandsingers.org/ACF%20Press%20Release.html.
28. ^DWS, Reincarnations.

Biography

History of the Choir

Literature

Significant performances

Awards

Warland