| 词条 | Daniel Nathans |
| 释义 |
| name = Daniel Nathans | image = Daniel_Nathans.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|10|30|mf=y}} | birth_place = Wilmington, Delaware | death_date = {{death date and age|1999|11|16|1928|10|30}} | death_place = Baltimore, Maryland | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = American | ethnicity = | field = Microbiology | work_institution = Johns Hopkins University | education = University of Delaware {{small|(BS)}} Washington University in St. Louis {{small|(MD)}} | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = Restriction enzymes | prizes = {{no wrap|NAS Award in Molecular Biology {{small|(1976)}} Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine {{small|(1978)}} National Medal of Science {{small|(1993)}}}} | religion = | footnotes = |spouse =Joanne Gomberg }}Daniel Nathans (October 30, 1928 – November 16, 1999) was an American microbiologist. He shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application in restriction mapping.[1] Early life and education{{unreferenced|date=May 2018|section}}Nathans was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the last of nine children born to Russian Jewish immigrant parents, Sarah (Levitan) and Samuel Nathans. During the Great Depression his father lost his small business and was unemployed for a long time. Nathans attended public schools and then to the University of Delaware, where he received his BS degree in chemistry in 1950. He received his MD degree from Washington University in St. Louis in 1954. He then went to the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center for a one-year medical internship with Robert Loeb. Wanting a break before his medical residency, Nathans became a clinical associate at the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. There he split his time between caring for patients receiving experimental cancer chemotherapy and research on recently discovered plasma-cell tumors in mice, similar to human multiple myeloma. Struck by how little was known about cancer biology, he became interested in protein synthesis in myeloma tumors, and published his first papers on this research. Nathans returned to Columbia Presbyterian for a two-year residency in 1957, again on Robert Loeb's service. He continued working on the problem of protein synthesis as time allowed. In 1959, he decided to work on the research full time and became a research associate at Fritz Lipmann's lab at the Rockefeller Institute in New York. CareerIn 1962, Nathans came to Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine as an assistant professor of microbiology. He was promoted to associate professor in 1965 and to professor in 1967. He became the director of the microbiology department in 1972 and served in that position until 1982. In 1981, the department of microbiology was renamed the department of molecular biology and genetics. In 1982 Johns Hopkins University made Nathans a University Professor, a position in which he served until his death in 1999. He also became a senior investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute unit at the School of Medicine in 1982. From 1995 to 1996, Nathans served as the interim president of Johns Hopkins University. In January 1999, Johns Hopkins University established the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, a multidisciplinary clinical and research center named for Nathans and pioneering medical geneticist Victor McKusick.[2] Nathans was also given six honorary doctorates over the span of his career. Awards
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1978/nathans-facts.html |title=Daniel Nathans - Facts |work=Nobelprize.org }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/PD/p-nid/317|title=The Daniel Nathans Papers: Biographical Information|author=|date=|website=profiles.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=4 April 2018}} Further reading
|last=Brownlee |first=Christen |authorlink= |date=April 2005 |title=Danna and Nathans: Restriction enzymes and the boon to modern molecular biology |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=102 |issue=17 |pages=5909 | publisher = | location = |doi = 10.1073/pnas.0502760102 | bibcode =2005PNAS..102.5909B | oclc =| id = | language = | format = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |last2=Nathans |first2=D | pmid=15840710 | pmc=1087965
|last=Dimaio |first=D |authorlink= |year=2001 |title=Daniel Nathans: October 30, 1928-November 16, 1999 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=79 |issue= |pages=262–79 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 11762397 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Raju |first=T N |authorlink= |date=October 1999 |title=The Nobel chronicles. 1978: Werner Arber (b 1929); Hamilton O Smith (b 1931); Daniel Nathans (b 1928) |journal=Lancet |volume=354 |issue=9189 |pages=1567 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 10551539 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)76606-X
|last=Shampo |first=M A |authorlink= |author2=Kyle R A |date=April 1996 |title=Daniel Nathans--geneticist and microbiologist wins Nobel prize |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=360 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 8637258 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi=10.4065/71.4.360
|last=Kroon |first=A M |authorlink= |date=February 1979 |title=The Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 1978 (Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton Smith) |journal=Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde |volume=123 |issue=5 |pages=153–6 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 368662 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Piekarowicz |first=A |authorlink= |year=1979 |title=[Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton Smith. Nobel prizes for the studies on DNA restriction enzymes] |journal=Postepy Biochem. |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=251–3 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 388391 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Desiderio |first=S |authorlink= |author2=Boyer S |date=November 1978 |title=Arber, Smith and Nathans: Nobel Laureates in medicine and physiology, 1978 |journal=The Johns Hopkins Medical Journal |volume=143 |issue=5 |pages=ix–x | publisher = | location = | pmid = 364154 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = External links
15 : 1928 births|1999 deaths|American microbiologists|Jewish American scientists|Johns Hopkins University faculty|National Medal of Science laureates|Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine|American Nobel laureates|People from Wilmington, Delaware|Presidents of Johns Hopkins University|Washington University in St. Louis alumni|American people of Russian-Jewish descent|University of Delaware alumni|Howard Hughes Medical Investigators|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences |
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