| 词条 | Derivative (chemistry) |
| 释义 |
In chemistry, a derivative is a compound that is derived from a similar compound by a chemical reaction. In the past, derivative also meant a compound that can be imagined to arise from another compound, if one atom or group of atoms is replaced with another atom or group of atoms,[1] but modern chemical language now uses the term structural analog for this meaning, thus eliminating ambiguity.{{Citation needed|reason=Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry – IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 still uses “derivative” and does not use “structural analogue”.|date=December 2016}} The term "structural analogue" is common in organic chemistry. In biochemistry, the word is used for compounds that at least theoretically can be formed from the precursor compound.[2] Chemical derivatives may be used to facilitate analysis. For example, melting point (MP) analysis can assist in identification of many organic compounds. A crystalline derivative may be prepared, such as a semicarbazone or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (derived from aldehydes or ketones), as a simple way of verifying the identity of the original compound, assuming that a table of derivative MP values is available.[3] Prior to the advent of spectroscopic analysis, such methods were widely used. See also
References1. ^{{cite web |title = Definition of Derivative |publisher = Chemicool |date = 2007-09-18 |url = http://www.chemicool.com/definition/derivative.html |accessdate = 2007-09-18 }} {{Authority control}}2. ^{{cite book |title = Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |publisher = Oxford University Press |isbn = 0-19-850673-2 }} 3. ^{{cite book |last = Williamson |first = Kenneth L. |title = Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, 3rd ed. |publisher = Houghton-Mifflin |year = 1999 |location = Boston |pages = 426–7 |isbn = 0-395-90220-7}} 1 : Chemical compounds |
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