| 词条 | Deva, Romania | |||||
| 释义 |
| official_name = Deva | settlement_type = Municipality | image_skyline = RO_HD_Deva_Centru.jpg | imagesize = 310px | image_shield = ROU HD Deva CoA1.png | pushpin_map = Romania | pushpin_label_position = none | map_caption = Location in Romania | coordinates = {{coord|45|52|41|N|22|54|52|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Romania | subdivision_type1 = County | subdivision_name1 = Hunedoara County | subdivision_type2 = Country status | subdivision_name2 = Municipiu | subdivision_type3 = County status | subdivision_name3 = County seat | established_title = First mention | established_date = 1269 || parts_type = Component localities | parts_style = coll | parts = Archia Bârcea Mică Cristur Sântuhalm | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Nicolae Florin Oancea | leader_party = National Liberal Party | area_total_km2 = 60.03 | elevation_m = 187 | population_footnotes = .[4] Under Voivod John Hunyadi, Deva became an important military and administrative centre.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}} Partially destroyed by the Ottoman Turks in 1550, it was afterward rebuilt and the fortress extended. In 1621 Prince Gabriel Bethlen transformed and extended the Magna Curia Palace (also known as the Bethlen Castle) in Renaissance style. Bulgarian merchant colonyIn 1711–1712, Deva was settled by a group of Roman Catholic Bulgarian merchant colonists, refugees from the unsuccessful anti-Ottoman Chiprovtsi Uprising of 1688. The colonists were originally mostly from Chiprovtsi and Zhelezna in northwest Bulgaria, though also from the neighbouring Kopilovtsi and Klisura.[5][6] However, the colonists came to Deva from Wallachia and from Alvinc (now Vinţu de Jos, Romania), where a similar colony had been established in 1700.[7] The Bulgarian merchants, who in 1716[8] numbered 51 families and three Franciscan friars, established their own neighbourhood, which was known to the locals as Greci ("Greeks", i.e. "merchants"). Their influence over local affairs caused Deva to be officially called a "Bulgarian town" for a short period, even though the maximum population of the colony was 71 families in 1721.[8] The Bulgarians received royal privileges of the Austrian crown along with their permission to settle and their acquisition of land and property. The construction of Deva's Franciscan friary commenced in 1724 with the funding and efforts of its Bulgarian population, so that the monastery was commonly known as the Bulgarian Monastery. However, the Great Plague of 1738 and the gradual assimilation of the Deva Bulgarians into other ethnicities of Transylvania prevented the colony from growing and by the late 19th century the Bulgarian ethnic element in the town had disappeared completely.[5][6] GeographyDeva is situated in the central part of Hunedoara County, on the left bank of the middle course of the Mureș River at 187 m above sea level.[9] The city administers four villages: Archia (Árki), Bârcea Mică (Kisbarcsa), Cristur (Csernakeresztúr) and Sântuhalm (Szántóhalma). Demographics{{Historical populations|source = Census data |1912 |8654 |1930 |10509 |1948 |12959 |1956 |16879 |1966 |26969 |1977 |60334 |1992 |78438 |2002 |69390 |2011 |61123 }} According to the last census, from 2011, there were 56,647 people living within the city of Deva, making it the 37th largest city in Romania. The ethnic makeup is as follows:
EconomyAutomotive, commerce, construction materials and power industries are important to Deva's economy. EducationA private University of Ecology and Tourism was established in the city in 1990, and the academic centres of Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca have opened branches in the city. Deva is also the home of Romania's national women gymnastics training center called Colegiul National Sportiv "Cetatea" Deva . Here is a list of the high schools from Deva:
Natives
ClimateDeva has a humid continental climate {{Weather box|location = Deva |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 0.9 |Feb high C = 4.7 |Mar high C = 11.3 |Apr high C = 17.0 |May high C = 22.6 |Jun high C = 24.3 |Jul high C = 26.7 |Aug high C = 26.7 |Sep high C = 23.0 |Oct high C = 17.0 |Nov high C = 8.9 |Dec high C = 3.0 |year high C = 15.5 |Jan low C = -5.9 |Feb low C = -3.2 |Mar low C = 0.3 |Apr low C = 4.6 |May low C = 9.0 |Jun low C = 12.0 |Jul low C = 13.2 |Aug low C = 12.8 |Sep low C = 9.7 |Oct low C = 4.6 |Nov low C = 1.1 |Dec low C = -2.7 |year low C = 4.6 |Jan precipitation mm = 33.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 28.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 29.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 50.0 |May precipitation mm = 63.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 79.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 67.1 |Aug precipitation mm = 56.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 42.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 37.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 37.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 39.5 |year precipitation mm = 565.0 |source 1 = Administrația Natională de Meteorologie[10][11] |date=August 2010 }} Tourism and sportDeva is dominated by the Citadel Hill, a protected nature reserve because of its rare floral species and the presence of the horned adder. Perched on the top of the hill are the ruins of the Citadel built in the 13th century. Tourists can visit the Citadel by climbing the hill or using the cable car. The machinery covers a distance of 160 meters and it can transport up to 16 people.[12] {{wide image|RO_HD_Deva_Cetate_Vedere_NORD.jpg|1000px|Deva seen from the Citadel (view towards the North)}}{{wide image|RO_HD_Deva_Cetate_Vedere_EST.jpg|1000px|Deva seen from the Citadel (view towards the East)}}{{clear}}Deva's tourist attractions include the Arts Theatre, the Patria Cinema, the Old Centre and the Citadel Park, where there are the statues of Mihai Eminescu and Decebal and the Magna Curia Palace. There is also the Aqualand Complex, a recently built leisure centre situated near the Citadel Park. It is an important tourist spot for the Transylvania region.[13] Downtown the city, the House of culture and the musical fountain represent two elements that basically define the centre of Deva.[14] {{wide image|Deva noaptea.jpg|1000px|Deva by night}}Deva is considered the Gymnastics capital of Romania because the National gymnastics training center is located within the city. Many of the country's Olympic gymnasts have trained in Deva.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Twinned cities
Photo galleryReferences1. ^ tags -->| population_total = 61,123| population_as_of = 2011| population_rank | population_density_km2 = auto| population_density_sq_mi=| timezone = EET| utc_offset = +2| timezone_DST = EEST| utc_offset_DST = +3| postal_code_type = Postal code| postal_code = 330005–330260| area_code_type = Phone area code| area_code = +40 a54| twin1 = Arras| twin1_country = {{FRA}}| twin2 = {{nowrap|Cherbourg-Octeville}}| twin2_country = {{FRA}}| twin3 = Szigetvár| twin3_country = {{HUN}}| twin4 = Yancheng| twin4_country = {{PRC}}| website = www.primariadeva.ro}}Deva ({{IPA-ro|ˈdeva|-|Ro-Deva.ogg}}; Hungarian: Déva, Hungarian pronunciation: {{convertIPA-hu|’|d|é|v|a}}; German: Diemrich, Schlossberg, Denburg; Latin: Sargetia; Turkish: Deve, Devevar){{cite web|author1=Fundaţia Jakabffy Elemér |author2=Asociaţia Media Index |author3=Attila M. Szabó | title = Dicţionar de localităţi din Transilvania | url = http://dictionar.referinte.transindex.ro/index.php3?action=betu&betu=d&kezd=90&co=roman | language = romanian | accessdate = 2010-04-17}} 2. ^{{cite web|author=János András Vistai|title= Tekintő – Erdélyi Helynévkönyv|page=236}}Transylvanian Toponym Book {{hu icon}} 3. ^{{cite book | last = Octavian | first = Floca | title = Hunedoara ghid al judeţului | year = 1969 | location = Deva | pages = 50 | quote = Argumente de ordin lingvistic dovedesc că Deva îşi are originea într-un nume slav-sudic(Deva – fecioară).|language = romanian|ref= }} 4. ^{{cite book | last= Octavian | first= Floca |author2=Ben Bassa | title= Cetatea Deva|series = Monumentele patriei noastre | year = 1965 | publisher=Editura Meridiane|location = București | language = Romanian|pages= 14| quote= }} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://orasuldeva.ro/orasul/index.php/populatia|title=Populatia|date=2012-04-11|publisher=Orasul Deva|language=Romanian|accessdate=28 August 2012}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|last=Балкански|first=Тодор|title=Трансилванските (седмиградските) българи. Етнос. Език. Етнонимия. Ономастика. Просопографии|trans-title=The Transylvanian (Sedmigradsko) Bulgarians. Ethnicity. Language. Ethnonymy. Onomastics. Prosopographies|publisher=ИК "Знак ‘94"|location=Велико Търново|year=1996|language=Bulgarian|pages=111–115|isbn=9789548709163}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Телбизов|first=Карол|title=Български търговски колонии в Трансилвания през XVIII век|trans-title=Bulgarian merchant colonies in Transylvania in the 18th century|publisher=Издателство на Българската академия на науките|location=София|year=1984|pages=17|oclc=490158032|language=Bulgarian}} 8. ^1 Телбизов, p. 68 9. ^{{cite book|last=Octavian|first= Floca|title= Hunedoara ghid al judeţului|year= 1969|location = Deva|pages = 50|quote = Deva, localitate de reşedinţă a judeţului Hunedoara, situată în stînga Mureşului, la poalele ultimelor ramificaţii dinspre nord ale munţilor Poiana Ruscăi, la înălţimea de 187 m deasupra mării, deşi este o localitate relativ mică, numărând 34982 (1968), este totuşi un oraş pitoresc, important centru administrativ şi cultural – animată aşezare pe cursul de mijloc al Mureşului.|language = romanian|ref = }} 10. ^{{cite web |work=Administrația Natională de Meteorologie (Romanian National Administration of Meteorology) | language = romanian | title = Medii lunare multianuale 1961–1990 | url = http://www.meteoromania.ro/index.php?id=475 | accessdate = 2010-04-22|date=June 2011}} 11. ^{{cite web |work=Administrația Natională de Meteorologie (Romanian National Administration of Meteorology) | language = romanian | title = Arhivă meteo | url = http://www.meteoromania.ro/index.php?id=124 | accessdate = 2010-04-22}} 12. ^Acces telecabina 13. ^Aqualand Deva 14. ^Obiective turistice Deva External links{{commons category|Deva}}
4 : Deva, Romania|Populated places in Hunedoara County|Cities in Romania|Capitals of Romanian counties |
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