| 词条 | Dezful |
| 释义 |
|official_name =Dezful |nicknames = دسفیل', 'دژپل desfeal,dezhpoll |native_name = دزفول |settlement_type = City |image_skyline = rudband2.jpg |imgsize = |image_caption = Rudband Shrine and the City along the Dez River |pushpin_map =Iran |mapsize =150px |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Iran}} |subdivision_type1 =Province |subdivision_name1 =Khuzestan |subdivision_type2 =County |subdivision_name2 =Dezful |subdivision_type3 =Bakhsh |subdivision_name3 =Central |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_total_km2 = |area_footnotes = |population_as_of = 2016 Census |population_urban = 264,709 [1] |population_metro = |population_est = |population_est_as_of = |population_density_km2 =auto |timezone = IRST |utc_offset = +3:30 |timezone_DST = IRDT |utc_offset_DST = +4:30 |coordinates = {{coord|32|22|57|N|48|24|07|E|region:IR|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 150 |postal_code =646xx-xxxxx |area_code = 061 |footnotes = }}Dezful ({{lang-fa|دزفول}}, pronounced {{IPA-fa|dɛzˈfuːl|}}, in local dialect {{lang-fa|دسفیل}}, also Romanized as Dezfūl and Dezfool; also known as Dīzfūl[2] and Ab I Diz[3]) is a city and capital of Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 420,000 people in 105,000 families.[4] In 2006, the city had 235,819 inhabitants.[5][6] Dezful is located 721 kilometers away from the national capital of Tehran and 155 kilometres away from the provincial capital of Ahvaz. The city is located 300 kilometres from the Persian Gulf and is at an altitude of 143 meters. The city is located at the foot of the Zagros Mountains and has a history that dates back to the Sassanian era. The area around Dezful has been home to civilizations for 5000 years.[7] Located in an area with a history that extends back to ancient civilization, the city houses a bridge that dates back to 300 AD.[8] EtymologyThe name Dezful has been derived from the two words diz (fortress) + pul (bridge), which in combination could stand for 'the bridge to the fortress' or 'fortified bridge'.[9] The original name of the city was Dizpul, but after the Muslim conquest of Persia, the city was renamed Dezful.[9] Historya city from dawn of history. Dezful is one of the oldest city in the Khuzestan province. according to Walther Hinz excavations, Awan (capital of first Elam empire) was located in Dezful. The bridge was built during the reign of Shapur I who used Roman prisoners of war to build the bridge.[10] The bridge protected the city from military interventions, hence its name. The old part of the city adjacent to the bridge is known as the Qaleh (castle). In the middle of the river, close to the bridge, you can see remains of several water mills built ca. 300 AD. Most of them were actually used up to the beginning of the 20th century. The last one was in use up to 1985.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} The Academy of Gundishapur, a teaching hospital that was the intellectual center of the Sassanid empire, was founded near Dezful.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} PeopleThe people of Dezful, known as Dezfuli, Dezfoolians or Dezfulians, speak Dezfuli – a dialect distinct to Dezful – and Shushtar, which is sometimes considered the most archaic of Persian dialects.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} Archaeology{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2012}}North Khuzestan was home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world. The Chogha Mish hills have more than 8,000 years of treasures from different periods, and archaeologists have called on the city of dawn. Susa Zanbil temple symbolizes the people of knowledge in this area over 3000 years ago. Apadana Palace is a symbol of the greatness of the Iranians. Shushtar waterfalls are a symbol of Iranian engineering and technology. Dezful Old Bridge is a symbol of Persian authority. Cole Farah Izeh {{Clarify|post-text= (what is this?)|date=December 2012}} symbol of nobility of the people. These attractions put Dezful Area in the list of archaeologists' main study areas. GeographyDezful sits close to the foothills of the Zagros Mountains on the main north-south highway from Tehran to Ahvaz, the provincial capital of Khuzestan. The main rail line from Tehran to the Persian Gulf is 15 km (9 mi) from Dezful, on the opposite side of the Dez River. ClimateDezful has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) with extremely hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is higher than most of southern Iran, but is almost exclusively confined to the period from November to April, though on occasions it can exceed {{convert|250|mm|in}} per month or {{convert|600|mm|in}} per year.[11] {{Weather box|location = Dezful |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 28.0 |Feb record high C = 29.0 |Mar record high C = 36.0 |Apr record high C = 40.5 |May record high C = 46.5 |Jun record high C = 50.0 |Jul record high C = 53.6 |Aug record high C = 52.0 |Sep record high C = 48.0 |Oct record high C = 43.0 |Nov record high C = 35.0 |Dec record high C = 29.0 |Jan high C = 17.2 |Feb high C = 19.6 |Mar high C = 24.1 |Apr high C = 30.0 |May high C = 37.5 |Jun high C = 43.7 |Jul high C = 46.0 |Aug high C = 44.9 |Sep high C = 41.7 |Oct high C = 34.8 |Nov high C = 26.2 |Dec high C = 19.3 |Jan mean C = 10.8 |Feb mean C = 13.2 |Mar mean C = 17.3 |Apr mean C = 22.8 |May mean C = 29.9 |Jun mean C = 35.1 |Jul mean C = 37.0 |Aug mean C = 35.8 |Sep mean C = 32.0 |Oct mean C = 25.6 |Nov mean C = 17.9 |Dec mean C = 12.5 |Jan low C = 5.3 |Feb low C = 6.8 |Mar low C = 10.0 |Apr low C = 14.7 |May low C = 20.5 |Jun low C = 23.8 |Jul low C = 26.2 |Aug low C = 25.5 |Sep low C = 21.1 |Oct low C = 16.2 |Nov low C = 10.8 |Dec low C = 6.8 |Jan record low C = −9.0 |Feb record low C = -4.0 |Mar record low C = −2.0 |Apr record low C = 3.0 |May record low C = 10.0 |Jun record low C = 16.0 |Jul record low C = 19.0 |Aug record low C = 16.5 |Sep record low C = 10.0 |Oct record low C = 6.0 |Nov record low C = 1.0 |Dec record low C = −2.0 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 100.6 |Feb rain mm = 60.0 |Mar rain mm = 50.2 |Apr rain mm = 34.5 |May rain mm = 9.2 |Jun rain mm = 0.0 |Jul rain mm = 0.2 |Aug rain mm = 0.0 |Sep rain mm = 0.0 |Oct rain mm = 7.4 |Nov rain mm = 39.1 |Dec rain mm = 83.2 |Jan rain days = 9.9 |Feb rain days = 8.1 |Mar rain days = 8.1 |Apr rain days = 6.5 |May rain days = 3.0 |Jun rain days = 0.0 |Jul rain days = 0.1 |Aug rain days = 0.0 |Sep rain days = 0.0 |Oct rain days = 2.1 |Nov rain days = 6.2 |Dec rain days = 8.0 |Jan sun = 131.6 |Feb sun = 158.4 |Mar sun = 192.3 |Apr sun = 217.7 |May sun = 272.5 |Jun sun = 325.6 |Jul sun = 322.7 |Aug sun = 317.0 |Sep sun = 291.3 |Oct sun = 234.8 |Nov sun = 158.2 |Dec sun = 121.9 |Jan humidity = 75 |Feb humidity = 68 |Mar humidity = 59 |Apr humidity = 49 |May humidity = 32 |Jun humidity = 22 |Jul humidity = 24 |Aug humidity = 28 |Sep humidity = 29 |Oct humidity = 40 |Nov humidity = 59 |Dec humidity = 73 |source 1 = NOAA (1961-1990) [12] |date=December 2012}} EconomyDezfūl is the primary commercial center for northern Khuzestan and one of the main producers of agricultural products in Iran. Dezful is also a market for the agricultural products of Lorestan province. The city also contains a large cotton textile mill and many small- and medium-scale industries. The Dez Dam, 203 m (666 ft) high, completed in 1963, is 32 km (20 mi) upstream from Dezful; the dam provides water and electricity for the city, as well as irrigation for nearby sugarcane farms. AgricultureAgriculture around Dezful was modernized in the mid-1960s by an Iranian-American joint venture company. Flowers and citrus fruits from Dezful are held in high regard in the country.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} Also popular are yogurt and cream from local buffalos. Various vegetables, fruit and grains are grown in Dezful. Meat, poultry and fish are also produced. Dezful Vahdati Air Force Base and AirportDezful Vahdati Air Force Base is the 4th IRIAF Air Force base and it is operational for F-5A, E, F and B fighters. The base was bombarded by the Iraqi Air Force during the early stages of the Iran–Iraq War. There is an annual air show for the remembrance of war heroes at the beginning of the Iranian New Year (Nowruz). Held from March 21 to April 4, it is the only military air show in Iran.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} The Dezful air force base is also used for domestic passenger flights. There have been occasional bans of passenger flights in Dezful air base because of military security matters in the past 20 years, but finally, based on an agreement between military commanders and Dezful civil governors, a regular daily program of flights was settled at the end of 2007 by two domestic airlines, Iran Air Tour and Aseman.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} There are currently at least one or two flights from this base (which is now called Dezful Airport) to Tehran and back from Tehran every day. TransportationThere are direct flights from Tehran to Dezful (and reverse) at least twice a day. There are also weekly flights from Dezful to Mashhad (mawhad or mašhad). Dezful can also be reached by the Iranian railways. Buses are available from almost all Iranian major cities to Dezful or one of its adjacent cities. Trains of the Trans-Iranian Railway serve the neighboring town of Andimeshk. Twin towns – sister cities
See also{{Portal|Iran}}
References1. ^https://www.amar.org.ir/english 2. ^{{GEOnet3|-3061127}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Burujird |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Burujird |website=WikiSource |accessdate=12 January 2019}} 4. ^{{IranCensus2011|10}} 5. ^Census85 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601034554/http://www.sci.org.ir/portal/faces/public/census85/census85.natayej/census85.informationfile |date=2007-06-01 }} - (Statistical Center of Iran (in Persian)) 6. ^Population and Housing Census {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006141932/http://www.sci.org.ir/portal/faces/public/ecensus85 |date=2007-10-06 }} 7. ^http://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4928655/دزفول-شهری-از-سپیده-دم-تاریخ 8. ^سايت اداره ميراث فرهنگي ، صنايع دستي و گردشگري شهرستان دزفول {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013094905/http://www.dezfulmiras.com/historical_dezful.htm |date=2008-10-13 }} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dezfulshenasi.mihanblog.com|title=اخبار استان های ایران|author=|date=|website=www.dezfulshenasi.mihanblog.com|accessdate=2 April 2018}} 10. ^{{Citation | last1 = Hartung | first1 = Fritz | last2 = Kuros | first2 = Gh. R. | editor-last = Garbrecht | editor-first = Günther | contribution = Historische Talsperren im Iran | title = Historische Talsperren | place = Stuttgart | publisher = Verlag Konrad Wittwer | year = 1987 | volume = 1 | pages = 221–274 (232) | isbn = 3-87919-145-X}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/DEZFUL/25.asp|title=اداره کل هواشناسی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری|author=|date=|website=www.chaharmahalmet.ir|accessdate=2 April 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IR/40795.TXT |title = Dezful Climate Normals 1961-1990 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate = December 28, 2012}} 13. ^http://www.iribnews.ir/NewsText.aspx?ID=1692228 Sources
External links
2 : Populated places in Dezful County|Cities in Khuzestan Province |
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