| 词条 | Dickinson W. Richards |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox scientist |name = Dickinson W. Richards |image =Dickinson W. Richards nobel.jpg |image_size =180px |caption = Dickinson W. Richards |birth_name=Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr. |birth_date = {{Birth-date|October 30, 1895}} |birth_place = Orange, New Jersey |death_date = {{Death-date and age|February 23, 1973|October 30, 1895}} |death_place = Lakeville, Connecticut |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = American |ethnicity = |field = medicine physiology |work_institutions = Columbia University Bellevue Hospital Presbyterian Hospital |alma_mater = Yale University Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = cardiac catheterization |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }} Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr. (October 30, 1895 – February 23, 1973) was an American physician and physiologist. He was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 with André Cournand and Werner Forssmann for the development of cardiac catheterization and the characterisation of a number of cardiac diseases. Early lifeRichards was born in Orange, New Jersey. He was educated at the Hotchkiss School in Connecticut, and entered Yale University in 1913. At Yale he studied English and Greek, graduating in 1917 as a member of the senior society Scroll and Key. CareerHe joined the United States Army in 1917, and became an artillery instructor. He served from 1918–1919 as an artillery officer in France. When{{when|date=August 2013}} he returned to the United States, Richards attended Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, graduating with an M.A. in 1922 and his M.D. degree in 1923. He was on the staff of the Presbyterian Hospital in New York until 1927, when{{when|date=August 2013}} he went to England to work at the National Institute for Medical Research in London, under Sir Henry Dale, on the control of circulation in the liver. In 1928, Richards returned to the Presbyterian Hospital and began his research on pulmonary and circulatory physiology, working under Professor Lawrence Henderson of Harvard. He began collaborations with André Cournand at Bellevue Hospital, New York, working on pulmonary function. Initially their research focussed on methods to study pulmonary function in patients with pulmonary disease. Their next area of research was the development of a technique for catheterization of the heart. Using this technique they were able to study and characterise traumatic shock, the physiology of heart failure. They measured the effects of cardiac drugs and described various forms of dysfunction in chronic cardiac diseases and pulmonary diseases and their treatment, and developed techniques for the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases. For this work, Richards, Cournand, and Werner Forssmann were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for 1956.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} In 1945 Richards moved his lab to Bellevue Hospital, New York. In 1947 he was made the Lambert Professor of Medicine at Columbia University, where he had taught since 1925. During his career he also served as an advisor to Merck Sharp and Dohme Company, and edited the Merck Manual. Richards retired from his positions at Bellevue and Columbia in 1961. HonorRichards received many other honors, including the John Phillips Memorial Award of the American College of Physicians in 1960, the Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur in 1963, the Trudeau Medal in 1968, and the Kober Medal of the Association of American Physicians in 1970. He died in Lakeville, Connecticut. References
|last=Ventura |first=Hector O |authorlink= |date=August 2007 |title=Dickinson Woodruff Richards and cardiac catheterization |journal=Clinical Cardiology |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=420–1 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 17680601 |doi = 10.1002/clc.20093 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Chamberlin |first=M D |authorlink= |date=February 2001 |title=Dickinson W. Richards, MD: through a grand-daughter's eyes |journal=Coron. Artery Dis. |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=79–82 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 11211171 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1097/00019501-200102000-00012
|last=Raju |first=T N |authorlink= |date=May 1999 |title=The Nobel chronicles. 1956: Werner Forssmann (1904–79); André Frédéric Cournand (1895–1988); and Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr (1895–1973) |journal=Lancet |volume=353 |issue=9167 |pages=1891 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 10359453 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75106-0
|last=Cournand |first=A |authorlink= |year=1989 |title=Dickinson Woodruff Richards: October 30, 1895 – February 23, 1973 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=58 |issue= |pages=459–87 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 11616152 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Carroll |first=D G |authorlink= |year=1975 |title=Memorial. Dickinson W. Richards, M.D |journal=Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc. |volume=86 |issue= |pages=XLIII–XLIV | publisher = | location = | pmid = 1101509 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |pmc=2441343
|date=March 1973 |title=Dickinson Woodruff Richards |journal=Lancet |volume=1 |issue=7805 |pages=732–3 | pmid = 4120541 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91532-8
|last=Cournand |first=A |authorlink= |year=1973 |title=Dickinson Woodruff Richards, 1895–1973 |journal=Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians |volume=86 |issue= |pages=33–8 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 4596458 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Kenéz |first=J |authorlink= |date=November 1970 |title=[Dickinson Woodruff Richards and cor pulmonale] |journal=Orvosi hetilap |volume=111 |issue=48 |pages=2849–52 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 4923281 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Cournand |first=A F |authorlink= |year=1970 |title=Presentation of the Kober Medal for 1970 to Dickinson W. Richards |journal=Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians |volume=83 |issue= |pages=36–42 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 4927298 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Sulek |first=K |authorlink= |date=January 1969 |title=[Nobel prize for Andre F. Cournand, Werner T. O. Forssmann and Dickinson W. Richards in 1956 for the discovery related to heart catheterization and studies on pathological changes in the cardiovascular system] |journal=Wiad. Lek. |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=203–4 | publisher = | location = | pmid = 4890192 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote ={{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1951-1975}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Richards, Dickinson W.}} 14 : 1895 births|1973 deaths|American physiologists|American Nobel laureates|Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine|United States Army officers|Hotchkiss School alumni|Yale University alumni|Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni|Columbia University faculty|People from Orange, New Jersey|National Institute for Medical Research faculty|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Harvard Medical School people |
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