“Edo language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Edo language

释义

Phonology
Vowels Consonants Phonotactics
Orthography
See also
References
External links

{{Infobox language
| name = Edo
| altname = Bini
| nativename = {{lang|ig|Ẹ̀dó}}
| states = Nigeria
| region = Edo State
| ethnicity = Edo people
| speakers = {{sigfig|1.64|2}} million
| date = 2015
| ref = e21
| familycolor = Niger-Congo
| fam2 = Atlantic–Congo
| fam3 = Volta–Niger
| fam4 = Edoid
| fam5 = North-Central
| fam6 = Edo–Esan–Ora
| script = Latin
| iso2 = bin
| iso3 = bin
| glotto = bini1246
| glottorefname= Bini
| map = Nigeria Benin Cameroon languages.png
| mapcaption = Linguistic map of Benin, Nigeria, and Cameroon. Edo is spoken in southern Nigeria.
}}

Edo {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|d|oʊ}}^[1] (with diacritics, {{lang|ig|Ẹ̀dó}}), also called Bini (Benin), is a Volta–Niger language spoken in Edo State, Nigeria. It is the primary native language of the Edo people and was the primary language of the Benin Empire and its predecessor, Igodomigodo.

Phonology

Vowels

There are seven vowels, {{IPA|/i e ɛ a ɔ o u/}}, all of which may be long or nasal, and three tones.

Consonants

Edo has a rather average consonant inventory for an Edoid language. It maintains only a single phonemic nasal, {{IPA|/m/}}, but has 13 oral consonants, {{IPA|/ɺ, l, ʋ, j, w/}} and the 8 stops, which have nasal allophones such as {{IPA|[n, ɲ, ŋʷ]}} before nasal vowels.

Labial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	{{IPA\|m}}
Plosive	{{IPA\|p b}} {{IPA\|[pm bm]}}	{{IPA\|t d}} {{IPA\|[tn dn]}}	{{IPA\|k ɡ}} {{IPA\|[kŋ ɡŋ]}}	{{IPA\|k͡p ɡ͡b}} {{IPA\|[k͡pŋ͡m ɡ͡bŋ͡m]}}
Fricative	{{IPA\|f v}}	{{IPA\|s z}}	{{IPA\|x ɣ}}	{{IPA\|h}}
Close approximant	{{IPA\|ɹ̝̊ ɹ̝}}
Open approximant	{{IPA\|ʋ}} {{IPA\|[ʋ̃]}}	{{IPA\|l ɹ}} {{IPA\|[n ɾ̃]}}	{{IPA\|j}} {{IPA\|[ɲ]}}	{{IPA\|w}} {{IPA\|[ŋʷ]}}

The three rhotics have been described as voiced and voiceless trills as well as a lax English-type approximant. However, Ladefoged^[2]{{page missing|date=August 2018}} found all three to be approximants, with the voiced–voiceless pair being raised (without being fricatives) and perhaps at a slightly different place of articulation compared to the third but not trills.

Phonotactics

Syllable structure is simple, being maximally CVV, where VV is either a long vowel or {{IPA|/i, u/}} plus a different oral or nasal vowel.

Orthography

The Edo alphabet has separate letters for the nasalised allophones of {{IPA|/ʋ/}} and {{IPA|/l/}}, mw and n:

Ẹ

Ọ

/a/}}

/b/}}

/d/}}

/e/}}

/ɛ/}}

/f/}}

/ɡ/}}

/ɡb/}}

/ɣ/}}

/h/}}

/i/}}

/k/}}

/x/}}

/kp/}}

/l/}}

/m/}}

/ʋ/}}

/l/}}

/o/}}

/ɔ/}}

/p/}}

/ɹ/}}

/ɹ̝̊/}}

/ɹ̝/}}

/s/}}

/t/}}

/u/}}

/v/}}

/ʋ/}}

/w/}}

/j/}}

/z/}}

Long vowels are written by doubling the letter. Nasal vowels may be written with a final -n or with an initial nasal consonant. Tone may be written with acute accent, grave accent, and unmarked, or with a final -h (-nh with a nasal vowel).

References

1. ^Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
2. ^{{SOWL}}

External links

Edo Language Dictionary Online
[https://archive.org/details/MelzianAConciseDictionaryOfTheBiniLanguageOfSouthernNigeria1937 Hans Melzian's Edo-English Dictionary]
[https://archive.org/details/AgheysiRebeccaN.AnEdoEnglishDictionary Rebecca Agheyisi's Edo-English Dictionary]
Centre for Edo Studies
[https://web.archive.org/web/20070225031019/http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Edo PanAfrican L10n page on Edo (Bini)]
Edo/Africa names dictionary{source Edoworld}
Bini (Edo) wordlists and recordings at the UCLA Phonetics Archive
[https://archive.is/20130620200824/http://naija-local.com/index.php/market_calender/ Bini (Edo) Market Days {{sic|nolink=y|Calender}}] on Naija local

3 : Edoid languages|Edo people|Languages of Nigeria

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