| 词条 | Fairbourne Railway | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Fairbourne Railway Rheilffordd y Friog |image = |caption = Official badge of the railway |locale = {{flagicon|WAL}} Wales |terminus = Fairbourne and Barmouth Ferry |coordinates = {{coord|52.69512|-4.05085|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |linename = Fairbourne Miniature Railway| |builtby = Narrow Gauge Railways Ltd| |originalgauge = 1895-1916: {{Track gauge|2ft|lk=on}} 1916-1940: {{Track gauge|15in|lk=on}} | |preservedgauge = 1947 - 1986: {{Track gauge|15in|lk=on}} 1986 – present: {{Track gauge|12.25in|lk=on}} |era = |owned = North Wales Coast Light Railway |operator = Fairbourne Railway Limited, supported by Fairbourne Railway Preservation Society| |stations = 2 and 4 halts |length = {{convert|2|mi|km}}| |originalopen = 1895 |com-years = 1916 |com-events = converted to {{Track gauge|15in|lk=on}} |closed = 1940 |stageyears = 1925 |stage = Arrival of Bassett-Lowke locomotive Count Louis |years1 = 1927 |events1 = Brief period of dual gauge operation ({{Track gauge|18in|lk=on|disp=or}} and {{Track gauge|15in|lk=on|disp=or}}) |years2 = 1935 |events2 = First Internal Combustion locomotive Whippit Quick arrives. |years3 = 1947 |events3 = Purchased and re-opened by John Wilkins |years4 = 1959 |events4 = Fairbourne Station expanded |years5 = 1976 |events5 = Line extended to its present length |years6 = 1984 |events6 = Purchased by John Ellerton |years7 = 1986 |events7 = regauged to {{Track gauge|12.25in|lk=on}} |years8 = 1995 |events8 = Purchased by Professor Tony Atkinson and Dr Roger Melton |years9 = 2006 |events9 = Fairbourne Railway Supporter's Association becomes Fairbourne Railway Preservation Society }}{{Fairbourne Railway}} The Fairbourne Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd y Friog) is a {{Track gauge|12.25in|lk=on}} gauge railway running for {{convert|2|mi|km}} from the village of Fairbourne on the Mid-Wales coast, alongside the beach to the end of a peninsula at Barmouth Ferry railway station, where there is a connection with the Barmouth Ferry across the Mawddach estuary to the seaside resort of Barmouth ({{lang-cy|Abermaw}}).[1] HistoryThe line has provided a service between Fairbourne village and Penrhyn Point since its opening in 1895 as a {{Track gauge|2ft|lk=on}} narrow gauge horse-drawn construction tramway. It was converted in 1916 to {{Track gauge|15in|lk=on}} gauge, and again to its present gauge in 1986. Originally built to carry building materials, the railway has carried holidaymakers for over a hundred years. At its peak in the 1970s it was carrying in excess of 70,000 passengers a year.[2] The Early Days - Fairbourne TramwayFollowing the construction of the Cambrian Coast Line in 1865 and the completion of the Barmouth Bridge in 1867 there were lavish schemes to develop the area for tourism, the area being easily accessible to day-trippers and weekend visitors from the Midlands.[3] There were several horse-drawn construction tramways in the area serving the Henddol Quarry above the neighbouring village of Friog. The tramway that was used to construct the Fairbourne village soon introduced passenger cars to transport people to the ferry station.{{sfn|Green|1996|p=78}} The Pioneering Days - Fairbourne Miniature RailwayThe line was converted to a {{Track gauge|15in}} gauge steam railway in 1916 by Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke of Narrow Gauge Railways Ltd (NGR). They were keen to promote tourism in the area after the failure of the Arthog scheme in the early 1900s. The railway played an important part in the development of the {{Track gauge|15in}} gauge railways in the UK. Services were operated by Bassett-Lowke Class 10 locomotive Prince Edward of Wales designed by Henry Greenly and passengers were conveyed in four open top carriages. The railway had mixed fortunes during the inter war years and went through a series of changes in ownership. At one time it was leased to the ferrymen. The railway experienced motive power problems and at one stage experimented with dual gauge track after purchasing an {{Track gauge|18in|lk=on}} gauge locomotive. This was a model of a GNR Stirling 4-2-2. A third rail was laid as far as the Golf Course. The line closed in 1940 after operating its final year with Whippit Quick, a Lister 'Railtruck' petrol locomotive, as the steam locomotive Count Louis was out of service. The Wilkins Era - 1947-1984The railway was rescued by a consortium of businessmen from the Midlands in 1946 and after rebuilding, was reopened by 1947. The line's owner John Charles Wilkins (of Wilkins & Mitchell, Darlaston), funded the redevelopment of the railway and the purchase of new steam locomotives. The line's heyday was in the 1960s and early 1970s but the advent of mass foreign holidays meant there was a steady decline in passenger numbers during the 1970s and 1980s. The Ellerton Era - 1984-1995The line was sold again in 1984 to the Ellerton family[4] and underwent dramatic changes to the infrastructure which included construction of a new station at Fairbourne and the re-gauging to 12¼ inches in 1986. Four new steam locomotives were introduced and most of the {{Track gauge|15in}} gauge locomotives left the site. Two of the new locomotives had run on the Réseau Guerlédan Chemin de Fer Touristique in Brittany, France in 1978. All four steam locomotives are half sized replicas of narrow gauge engines: Yeo, Sherpa, Beddgelert and Russell. Of the extant {{Track gauge|15in}} gauge locomotives only Sylvia (rebuilt as Lilian Walter) remained. Most of the {{Track gauge|15in}} gauge locomotives are still intact and have found homes on lines around the world. In 1990 the railway built their first steam locomotive, Number 24, a replica of a locomotive from the Sandy River & Rangeley Lakes Railroad in Maine. The locomotive has since left the line and now operates on the Cleethorpes Coast Light Railway in Lincolnshire. The railway was again put up for sale in 1990 and the line's fortunes appeared to be declining once more. During the five years it was up for sale the railway deteriorated dramatically. Present: 1995 onwardsProfessor Tony Atkinson and Dr Roger Melton bought the line in April 1995, they and their wives Mrs Maureen Atkinson and Mrs Amanda Melton being appointed directors. There was considerable investment in the railway to improve reliability of the locomotives and the quality of the track, and a new attraction, the Rowen Centre, was set up at Fairbourne station. In 2007 some of the displays were changed to accommodate a large G scale model railway which is gradually being added to and improved by local model engineers.[5] In 2008 ownership of the railway was transferred to a charity, the North Wales Coast Light Railway Limited (Registered number 1127261). Professor Atkinson subsidised the railway's operation but the subsidy was withdrawn after he died on 19 June 2011, leaving the railway's future in doubt.[6] With reductions in staff and by the encouragement of donations the railway has been able to continue in operation.[7] Preservation SocietyLike most heritage railways, the Fairbourne Railway has an active volunteer society: Fairbourne Railway Preservation Society (formerly the Fairbourne Railway Supporter's Association). The society is actively involved with the running of services and maintaining the locomotives, rolling stock, stations and track work.[8] Ferry{{main|Barmouth Ferry}}For hundreds of years the ferry has been providing a crossing service over the Mawddach estuary and was originally operated by monks. In recent years it has been operated by independent operators. During the summer of 2007 the Railway Company acquired a ferry boat and commenced operating its own ferry service in July 2007.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} The new ferry boat "Y Chuff" was bought to ensure that a reliable service across the harbour to Barmouth would operate even during quiet periods of the season.[9] Stations and facilities
Operation{{See also|List of Fairbourne Railway rolling stock}}Steam Locomotives haul most of the passenger services, some of the locomotives are approximately half-size replicas of famous narrow gauge prototype locomotives such as the Class B Tanks from the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway and the Manning Wardle Tanks of the Lynton and Barnstaple Railway. References1. ^{{cite web |title=Fairbourne Railway History page |url=http://www.fairbournerailway.com/railway-history.htm}} 2. ^{{cite book |title=Rails Through The Sand|author=W J Milner|publisher=Rail Romances|year=1996}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=Mawddach Crescent History page |url=http://members.aol.com/fquirk202/page42.html}} 4. ^{{cite magazine |title=Fairbourne Railway Sold |department=News and notes |magazine=Railway Magazine|date=April 1984|volume=130|issue=996|pages=163-164|publisher=Transport Press |location=Sutton, Surrey|issn=0033-8923 |editor-first=John |editor-last=Slater }} 5. ^{{cite web |title=G Scale Model Railway |url=http://www.fairbournerailway.com/rowen-nature-centre.htm}} 6. ^Steam Railway No 291 (July 2011) 7. ^Steam Railway No 395 (November 2011) 8. ^{{cite web |title=Preservation Society |url=http://www.fairbournerailway.com/steam-railway-preservation-society.htm}} 9. ^{{cite web |title=Ferry Service|url=http://www.fairbournerailway.com/barmouth-ferry.htm}} BibliographyBooks:{{refbegin}}
External links{{commons category|Fairbourne Railway}}
8 : Fairbourne Railway|15 in gauge railways in Wales|12¼ in gauge railways in Wales|2 ft gauge railways in Wales|Miniature railways in the United Kingdom|Railway lines opened in 1895|Heritage railways in Gwynedd|Articles containing video clips |
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