| 词条 | Falls County, Texas | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
county = Falls County| state = Texas | flag = Flag of Falls County, Texas.png| founded = 1850 | seat wl = Marlin | largest city wl = Marlin | area_total_sq_mi = 774 | area_land_sq_mi = 765 | area_water_sq_mi = 8.4 | area percentage = 1.1% | census yr = 2010 | pop = 17866 | density_sq_mi = 23 | ex image = Falls county courthouse.jpg | ex image size = 250| ex image cap = The Falls County Courthouse in Marlin. The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 2000. | web = http://www.co.falls.tx.us/ | time zone = Central | district = 17th }} Falls County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 17,866.[1] The county seat is Marlin.[2] It is named for the original 10-foot-tall waterfall on the Brazos River, which existed until the river changed course during a storm in 1866. The present falls can be found two miles northeast of the original falls, at the Falls on the Brazos Park, a camping site located only a few miles out of Marlin on Farm to Market Road 712. Falls County is included in the Waco, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area. With a large portion of its economy based on agriculture,[3] Falls County is sixth among 254 Texas counties in corn production.[4] HistoryNative AmericansThe Brazos River valley served as hunting grounds for several tribes, including Wacos, Tawakonis, and Anadarkos. The Comanches were often a more aggressive band who forced other tribes off the land. The Tawakoni[5] branch of Wichita Indians originated north of Texas, but migrated south into east Texas. From 1843 onward, the Tawakoni were part of treaties made by both the Republic of Texas and the United States. The Cherokees arrived in the early 1830s. Sam Houston, adopted son of Chief Oolooteka (John Jolly) of the Cherokee, negotiated the February 1836 treaty between Chief Bowl[6] of the Cherokees and the Republic of Texas.[6][7][8] January 1839, Falls County saw two brutal massacres by the Anadarkos, under chief José María,[9] at the homes of George Morgan and John Marlin.[10] A retaliatory offensive by settlers was ineffective and forced the group into a retreat. In 1846, several tribes negotiated a treaty[11][12] with the United States government. SettlersEmpresarios "Sterling C. Robertson: Texas Association/Nashville Co." and Robert Leftwich received a grant from the Coahuila y Tejas legislature to settle 800 families.[13] By contracting how many families each grantee could settle, the government sought to have some control over colonization. Robertson began bringing American settlers to his Nashville colony (later called Robertson's Colony).[14] Most of the settlers came from Alabama, Tennessee, and Mississippi. He named the capital of the Nashville colony Sarahville de Viesca.[15] Fort Viesca was built in 1834, with a name change to Fort Milam in 1835.[16] The settlement was deserted during the Runaway Scrape[17] of 1836, and reoccupied after the Battle of San Jacinto.[18] County established and growthThe state legislature formed Falls County from Limestone and Milam counties in 1850, and named it after the falls of the Brazos River.[19][20] Marlin became the county seat. By the census of 1860[21] the county had 1,716 slaves. Falls County voted in favor of secession from the Union. The county fared better during Reconstruction than most, perhaps due to its distance from areas subject to Union military occupation. Marlin[22] began to be known by the healing powers of its hot mineral waters by the 1890s.[23] Conrad Hilton built the Falls Hotel, with a tunnel to a mineral bath, to accommodate the business generated by the hot spring. The Houston and Texas Central Railway[24] became the first railroad through the county around 1870. The Waco Division of the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway,[25] in 1886-1925, had multiple stops in Falls County. In 1902 the Missouri Pacific Railroad[26] passed through the county. A log cabin served as the county's first courthouse in the 1850s,[27] until the second courthouse was built of white cedar. The second courthouse burned in 1870. A third courthouse was built in 1876 but was damaged by a storm in 1886. A fourth courthouse was built in 1888, which by the 1930s had greatly deteriorated. The concrete, brick, and stone fifth and present-day courthouse[28] was completed in 1939 by architect Arthur E. Thomas. GeographyAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|774|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|765|sqmi}} are land and {{convert|8.4|sqmi}} (1.1%) are covered by water.[29] Major highways
Adjacent counties
Demographics{{US Census population|1860= 3614 |1870= 9851 |1880= 16240 |1890= 20706 |1900= 33342 |1910= 35649 |1920= 36217 |1930= 38771 |1940= 35984 |1950= 26724 |1960= 21263 |1970= 17300 |1980= 17946 |1990= 17712 |2000= 18576 |2010= 17866 |estyear=2016 |estimate=17273 |estref=[30] |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[31] 1850–2010[32] 2010–2014[1] }} As of the census[33] of 2000, 18,576 people, 6,496 households, and 4,410 families resided in the county. The population density was 24 people per square mile (9/km²). The 7,658 housing units averaged 10 per square mile (4/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 61.50% White, 27.45% Black or African American, 0.50% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 8.81% from other races, and 1.59% from two or more races. About 15.83% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 6,496 households, 30.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.20% were married couples living together, 15.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.10% were not families. About 29.40% of all households was made up of individuals and 15.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.15. In the county, the population was distributed as 27.60% under the age of 18, 7.80% from 18 to 24, 27.00% from 25 to 44, 20.80% from 45 to 64, and 16.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.40 males. The median income for a household in the county was $26,589, and for a family was $32,666. Males had a median income of $27,042 versus $20,128 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,311. About 18.80% of families and 22.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.70% of those under age 18 and 18.40% of those age 65 or over. Government and infrastructureThe Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates the Marlin Unit, a transfer facility for men, in the city of Marlin. The unit opened in June 1992 and was transferred to the Texas Youth Commission (TYC) in May 1995.[34] When it was a part of TYC, the facility, then called the Marlin Orientation and Assessment Unit,[35] served as the place of orientation for minors of both sexes being committed into the TYC's care, from the facility's opening in 1995 to its transfer out of TYC in 2007.[36] In September 2007, the facility was transferred back to the TDCJ.[34] The TDCJ also operates the William P. Hobby Unit, a prison for women located southwest of Marlin in unincorporated Falls County.[37] Politics{{Hidden begin|titlestyle = background:#ccccff; |title = Presidential elections results }}
CommunitiesCities and towns
Census-designated place
Unincorporated communities{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
In popular cultureMarlin has been a filming location for two movies: Leadbelly (1976) and Infamous (2006). In 2013, a ranch in northeast Falls County near Mart, Texas, was the site of the series premiere of Treehouse Masters, in which a couple had a $200,000 treehouse built on their property.[39] See also{{Portal|Texas}}
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48145.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 16, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/603vHHbP4?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48145.html|archivedate=July 10, 2011|df=}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.texasalmanac.com/topics/government/falls-county|title=Falls County - Texas Almanac|author=|date=22 May 2015|website=www.texasalmanac.com|accessdate=9 April 2018}} 4. ^Texas Farm Facts{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 5. ^{{Handbook of Texas | name=Tawakoni Indians| id= bmt22| author=Krieger, Margery H | retrieved=02 May 2010}} Texas State Historical Association 6. ^1 {{cite web | title=Houston, Sam | publisher=The Sam Houston Memorial Museum | url=http://www.shsu.edu/~smm_www/History/ | accessdate=3 May 2010 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524144101/http://www.shsu.edu/~smm_www/History/ | archivedate=24 May 2010 | df= }}T he Sam Houston Memorial Museum 7. ^{{cite web | title=The Texas Cherokee | publisher=R. Edward Moore and Texarch Associates | url=http://www.texasindians.com/cherokee.htm | accessdate=3 May 2010}} R. Edward Moore and Texarch Associates 8. ^{{cite web | title=Houston, Sam | publisher=PBS | url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/d_h/houston.htm | accessdate=3 May 2010}} 9. ^{{Handbook of Texas | name=José María| id= fjo74| author=Hosmer, Brian C | retrieved=03 May 2010}} Texas State Historical Association 10. ^{{cite web | title=Morgan's Massacre | publisher=Fort Tours | url=http://www.forttours.com/pages/idmorgan.asp | author=Wilbarger, J.W. | accessdate=3 May 2010}} 11. ^{{cite web |title=U.S. Treaty with the Comanche, Aionai, Andarko, Caddo, etc. 1846 |publisher=Oklahoma State University |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/VOL2/treaties/com0554.htm |accessdate=3 May 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615184447/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/com0554.htm |archivedate=15 June 2010 |df= }} publisher=Oklahoma State University 12. ^{{cite web | title=May 15, 1846 U.S. Treaty with the Comanche, Aionai, Andarko, Caddo, etc. | publisher=First People of America | url=http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Treaties/TreatyWithTheComancheAionaiAnadarkoCaddoetc1846.html | accessdate=3 May 2010}} publisher=First People of America 13. ^{{cite web| title=Empresario Contracts in the Colonization of Texas 1825-1834| publisher=Texas A & M University| url=http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/empresarios.htm| accessdate=3 May 2010| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615055417/http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/empresarios.htm| archivedate=15 June 2010| df=}} Wallace L. McKeehan 14. ^{{Handbook of Texas | name=Robertson's Colony| id= uer01| author=McLean, Malcolm D | retrieved=03 May 2010}} Texas State Historical Association 15. ^{{Handbook of Texas | name=Sarahville de Viesca| id= hvs44| author=McLean, Malcolm D | retrieved=03 May 2010}} Texas State Historical Association 16. ^{{Handbook of Texas | name=Fort Milam | id= uef11| author=Cutrer, Thomas W | retrieved=03 May 2010}} Texas State Historical Association 17. ^{{Handbook of Texas | name=Runaway Scrape | id=pfr01 | author=Covington, Carolyn Callaway | retrieved=03 May 2010}} Texas State Historical Association 18. ^{{cite web | title=Battle of San Jacinto | publisher=Texas State Library and Archives Commission | url=http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/treasures/republic/san-jacinto.html | accessdate=3 May 2010}} Texas State Library and Archives Commission 19. ^{{cite web|title=Falls of the Brazos River |publisher=Texas Historical Markers |url=http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5145001563 |accessdate=3 May 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314204853/http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5145001563 |archivedate=14 March 2012 |df= }} 20. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA123#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=123}} 21. ^{{cite web | title=1860 Census Falls County | publisher=Falls County Genealogy | url=http://www.txgenweb6.org/txfalls/censusdata.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721054949/http://www.txgenweb6.org/txfalls/censusdata.html | dead-url=yes | archive-date=21 July 2011 | accessdate=3 May 2010 }} 22. ^{{cite web | title=Marlin, Texas | publisher=Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. | url=http://www.texasescapes.com/TOWNS/Marlin/marlin.htm | accessdate=3 May 2010}} Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. 23. ^{{cite web |title=Marlin, Texas History |publisher=Marlin, Texas |url=http://www.marlintexas.com/history.htm |accessdate=3 May 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403162815/http://www.marlintexas.com/history.htm |archivedate=3 April 2009 |df= }} 24. ^{{Handbook of Texas | name=Houston Texas and Central Railway | id= eqh09| author=Werner, George C | retrieved=03 May 2010}} Texas State Historical Association 25. ^{{cite web| title=San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway| url=http://saap.tnorr.com/| accessdate=3 May 2010| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912172901/http://saap.tnorr.com/| archivedate=12 September 2006| df=}} 26. ^{{cite web | title=Missouri Pacific Railroad | publisher=Missouri Pacific Historical Society, Inc | url=http://www.mopac.org/history_mp.asp | accessdate=3 May 2010 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409011728/http://www.mopac.org/history_mp.asp | archivedate=9 April 2011 | df= }} Missouri Pacific Historical Society, Inc 27. ^{{cite web|title=Falls County Courthouse |publisher=Texas Historical Markers |url=http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5145011717 |accessdate=3 May 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314204859/http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5145011717 |archivedate=14 March 2012 |df= }} 28. ^{{cite web | title=Falls County Courthouse | publisher=Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. | url=http://www.texasescapes.com/TOWNS/Marlin/Marlin-Texas-Falls-County-Courthouse.htm#1888 | accessdate=3 May 2010}} Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=April 26, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=April 26, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/topics/ctypophistweb2010.pdf|title=Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010|publisher=Texas Almanac|accessdate=April 26, 2015}} 33. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2011-05-14 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }} 34. ^1 "Marlin Unit {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725201337/http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/stat/unitdirectory/n1.htm |date=2010-07-25 }}." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on September 22, 2010. 35. ^"[https://web.archive.org/web/20011110114953/http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/programs/facility_address.html Facility Address List]." Texas Youth Commission. November 10, 2001. Retrieved on June 24, 2010. 36. ^"[https://web.archive.org/web/20011110110815/http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/about/how_movethru.html How Offenders Move Through TYC]." Texas Youth Commission. November 10, 2001. Retrieved on June 24, 2010. 37. ^"Hobby Unit {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725201237/http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/stat/unitdirectory/hb.htm |date=2010-07-25 }}." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on September 22, 2010. 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|date=|website=uselectionatlas.org|accessdate=9 April 2018}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wacotrib.com/news/couple-s-texas-sized-treehouse-near-mart-opens-new-television/article_ad918461-8f99-5594-9a25-acba9fbc0a8c.html|title=Couple's 'Texas-sized' treehouse near Mart opens new television series|first=CARL HOOVER |last=choover@wacotrib.com|date=|website=wacotrib.com|accessdate=9 April 2018}} External links{{Commons category|Falls County, Texas}}
|Centre = Falls County, Texas |North = |Northeast = Limestone County |East = |Southeast = Robertson County |South = Milam County |Southwest = Bell County |West = |Northwest = McLennan County }}{{Falls County, Texas}}{{Texas counties}}{{Texas}}{{coord|31.26|-96.93|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-TX_source:UScensus1990}} 3 : Falls County, Texas|1850 establishments in Texas|Populated places established in 1850 |
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