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词条 Adnan Khashoggi
释义

  1. Family and education

  2. Business career

  3. Triad International

  4. Iran–Contra affair

  5. Imelda Marcos affair

  6. After Dark

  7. Genesis Intermedia

  8. Seymour Hersh report

  9. Personal life

  10. In popular culture

      Films    Books    Music  

  11. See also

  12. References

  13. Further reading

  14. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}{{Infobox person
| name = Adnan Khashoggi
| native_name = عدنان خاشقجي
| native_name_lang = ar
| image = AdnanKhashoggi06.JPG
| image_size =
| caption = Khashoggi in the 1980s
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1935|07|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| death_date = {{death date and age|2017|06|06|1935|07|25|df=y}}
| death_place = London, England
| death_cause =
| nationality = Saudi Arabia
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = International businessman
| parents = Mohammad Khashoggi
Samiha Ahmed
| spouse = {{marriage|Lamia Khashoggi|1979}}
{{marriage|Soraya Khashoggi|1961|1974|end=div}}
{{marriage|Shahpari Azam Zanganeh|1991|2014|end=div}}

| children = 6, including Nabila Khashoggi
| relatives = Samira Khashoggi (sister)
Soheir Khashoggi (sister)
Dodi Fayed (nephew)
Jamal Khashoggi (nephew[1])
| website =
| footnotes =
| signature =
}}Adnan Khashoggi ({{lang-ar|عدنان خاشقجي}}; 25 July 1935 – 6 June 2017) was a Saudi Arabian businessman and arms dealer, known for his lavish business deals and lifestyle.[2][2] He is estimated to have had a peak net worth of around US$4 billion in the early 1980s.[3]

Family and education

Khashoggi was born in Mecca, the son of Mohammad Khashoggi, who was King Abdul Aziz Al Saud's personal doctor.[4] His family is of Turkish origin, although Khashoggi himself has also said that he had a Jewish grandfather.[5] Adnan Khashoggi's sister was author Samira Khashoggi who married businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed and was the mother of Dodi Fayed.[6] Another sister, Soheir Khashoggi, is a well-known Arab writer (Mirage, Nadia's Song, Mosaic).[6] He was an uncle of journalist Jamal Khashoggi.

Khashoggi was educated at Victoria College in Alexandria, Egypt,[4] and the American universities California State University, Chico, Ohio State, and Stanford. Khashoggi left his studies in order to seek his fortune in business.[7]

Business career

Khashoggi's early years were spent among some of Saudi Arabia's most influential figures. "While attending school he met Hussein bin Talal, the future King of Jordan. It was at school that Khashoggi first learned the commercial value of facilitating a deal, bringing together a Libyan classmate whose father wanted to import towels with an Egyptian classmate whose father manufactured towels, earning US$1,000 for the introduction. Khashoggi's subsequent education at university would serve as a launchpad for his commercial career."[12][8]

In one of his first big deals, a large construction company was experiencing difficulties with the trucks that it used on the shifting desert sands. Khashoggi, using money given to him by his father for a car, bought a number of Kenworth trucks, whose wide wheels made traversing the desert considerably easier. Khashoggi made his first US$250,000 leasing the trucks to the construction company, and became the Saudi Arabia-based agent for Kenworth.[12][8]

In the 1960s and 1970s, Khashoggi helped bring together Western companies and the Saudi Arabian Government to satisfy the needs of the young Kingdom for its infrastructure and defense needs.[12][8] Between 1970 and 1975, Lockheed paid Khashoggi $106 million in commissions. His commissions started at 2.5% and eventually rose to as much as 15%. Khashoggi "became for all practical purposes a marketing arm of Lockheed. Khashoggi would provide not only an entrée but strategy, constant advice, and analysis", according to Max Helzel, then vice president of Lockheed's international marketing.[9]

A commercial pioneer, he established companies in Switzerland and Liechtenstein to handle his commissions as well as developing contacts with notables such as CIA officers James H. Critchfield and Kim Roosevelt and United States businessman Bebe Rebozo, a close associate of U.S. President Richard Nixon. His yacht, the Nabila, was the largest in the world at the time and was used in the James Bond film Never Say Never Again.[12][8] After Khashoggi ran into financial problems he sold the yacht to the Sultan of Brunei, who in turn sold it for $29 million to Donald Trump, who sold it for $20 million[10] to Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal as part of a deal to keep his Taj Mahal casino out of bankruptcy.

Khashoggi headed a company called Triad International Holding Company, which among other things built the Triad Center in Salt Lake City, which later went bankrupt.[11] He was famed as an arms dealer, brokering deals between US firms and the Saudi government, most actively in the 1960s and 1970s. In the documentary series The Mayfair Set, Saudi author Said Aburish states that one of Khashoggi's first weapons deals was providing David Stirling with weapons for a covert mission in Yemen during the Aden Emergency in 1963. Among his overseas clients were defense contractors Lockheed Corporation (now Lockheed Martin Corporation), Raytheon, Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation and Northrop Corporation (the last two of which have now merged into Northrop Grumman).[8][12]

Triad International

Triad International is a multi-national private investment corporation that was owned by Khashoggi. Its investments include many notable properties and businesses throughout the world. The company consisted of subsidiary companies, including Triad Management, Triad Properties, Triad Energy, Triad Technology, and Triad Financial resources.[2][8][27]

The Global span of the businesses prompted the creation by the Khashoggi family of a board-game called Triopoly which was modeled after the classic game of Monopoly. The various game tiles represented properties and companies owned by Khashoggi and his Triad corporation. The game was manufactured and given to family and friends.

Triad International was formed in the early 1960s and as it grew spanned five continents.[8] The company holdings included hotels, shopping centers, banks, oil refineries, a computer manufacturer, a gold mine, construction companies, car and truck franchises, and a professional sports team, the Utah Jazz.[2][8][27]

The company was headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland with its subsidiary companies located in the United States, Canada, and Saudi Arabia.

Khashoggi, through Triad, owned the Mount Kenya Safari Club, known as Ol Pejeta Conservancy, a several hundred acre reserve at the foot of Mount Kenya, San Francisco Town Center East a $250 million property, Long Beach Edgington Oil a $250 million per year oil refinery, Santa Ana based ATV computer systems, Arizona, Colorado Land & Cattle company, Security National bank in Walnut Creek, CA, Barrick gold mine in Toronto, Canada, Saudi Arabian Kenworth, Chrysler and Fiat car and truck dealerships, the National Gypsum company in Saudi Arabia, and Sahuaro Petroleum in Phoenix, AZ.[8]

The company also had major financial interests in Lloyd's of London, The Manera company, Las Brisas Resort in Acapulco, Mexico, The Houston Galleria, National car rental, Pyramid Oasis in Cairo, Egypt, Travel Lodge Australia, Pacific Harbor hotel in Fiji, Beirut Riyadh bank, and the bank of Contra Costa.[8]

Khashoggi's Triad real estate holdings included private residences in Beirut, Lebanon, Jeddah and Riyadh Saudi Arabia, Geneva, Switzerland, Cairo, Egypt, Salt Lake City Utah, Cone Ranch, Florida, Rome, Italy, Paris and Cannes, France, London, England, and a multi-floor penthouse in Olympic towers in New York.[2][8]

Khashoggi also owned several private jets, and super-yachts through Triad, including a McDonnell Douglas DC-8 and DC-9, three Boeing 727's, and several smaller business jets and helicopters. His three super-yachts, the Nabila, The Mohammadia, and the Khalida, were named after his children, Nabila, Mohammed, and Khalid.[8]

Iran–Contra affair

Khashoggi was implicated in the Iran–Contra affair as a key middleman in the arms-for-hostages exchange along with Iranian arms dealer Manucher Ghorbanifar and, in a complex series of events, was found to have borrowed money for these arms purchases from the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) with Saudi and United States backing.[12] His role in the affair created a related controversy when Khashoggi donated millions to the American University in Washington, DC to build a sports arena which would bear his name.[13] Khashoggi was a member of the university's board of trustees from 1983 until his indictment on fraud and other charges in May 1989.[14]

Imelda Marcos affair

In 1988, Khashoggi was arrested in Switzerland, accused of concealing funds, and held for three months. Khashoggi stopped fighting extradition when the U.S. prosecutors reduced the charges to obstruction of justice and mail fraud and dropped the more serious charges of racketeering and conspiracy. In 1990, a United States federal jury in Manhattan acquitted Khashoggi and Imelda Marcos, widow of the exiled Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, of racketeering and fraud.[15][16]

After Dark

In 1991 Khashoggi made an extended appearance on the British television programme After Dark, alongside, among others, former Prime Minister Edward Heath and Lord Weidenfeld.[17]

Genesis Intermedia

Khashoggi was a financier behind Genesis Intermedia, Inc. (formerly NASDAQ: GENI), a publicly traded Internet company based in the US. In 2006, Khashoggi was sued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for securities fraud.[18] The case was settled in 2008 and Khashoggi did not admit or deny the allegations.[19]

Seymour Hersh report

In January 2003, Seymour Hersh reported in The New Yorker magazine that former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard Perle had a meeting with Khashoggi in Marseille in order to use him as a conduit between Trireme Partners, a private venture capital company of which he was one of three principals, and the Saudi government.[20] At the time, Perle was chair of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee, a Defense Department advisory group, which provided him with access to classified information and a position to influence defense policy.[20]

Khashoggi told Hersh that Perle talked to him about the economic costs regarding a proposed invasion of Iraq. "'If there is no war,' he told me, 'why is there a need for security? If there is a war, of course, billions of dollars will have to be spent.'"[21]

Personal life

In the 1960s, Khashoggi married 20-year-old Englishwoman Sandra Daly who converted to Islam and took the name Soraya Khashoggi. They raised one daughter (Nabila)[22] and four sons together (Mohammed, Khalid, Hussein, and Omar).[23] Another daughter, Petrina, was born after the couple divorced in 1974 but assumed to be Adnan's, until a DNA test in 1999 revealed that her father was Conservative party politician Jonathan Aitken.[24]

His second wife, the Italian Laura Biancolini, also converted to Islam and changed her name to Lamia Khashoggi. She was seventeen when she met Adnan; together they had a son, Ali.[23]

In the 1980s, the Khashoggi family occupied one of the largest villa estates in Marbella, Spain, called Baraka, hosting lavish parties.{{Citation needed|date=June 2017}} Guests at these parties included film stars, pop celebrities and politicians.[25] In 1985, celebrity reporter Robin Leach reported Khashoggi threw a five-day birthday party in Vienna for his eldest son,[26] and in his heyday, Khashoggi spent $250,000 a day to maintain his lifestyle.[27] He continued to spend lavishly even when he encountered financial problems.[23] His net worth was said to have been down to about 8 million in 1990.[28]

Khashoggi also owned Ol Pejeta Conservancy, in Laikipia County, Kenya. His house has since been converted into a hotel which is run by Serena Hotels.[29]

Khashoggi died on 6 June 2017 while being treated for Parkinson's disease at the Harley Street Clinic in London.[30][31] He was 81.[32][33]

In popular culture

Films

  • The Hank Greenspun Story[34]
  • The One Percent[35]

Books

  • The Story of Adnan Khashoggi[36]
  • How to Get Your Business Pitch onto One Persuasive Page {{ISBN|9780062084125}}{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}
  • Inside the Global Arms Trade[37]

Music

  • "Khashoggi's Ship", a song by Queen from the album The Miracle (1989)[38]
  • "I am", a song by Army of Lovers, contains the lyrics "What Bobby is to Pam, Khashoggi to Iran, I am" (1993)
  • "La Plage de Saint-Tropez", a song by Army of Lovers (1993){{citation needed|date=October 2017}}

See also

{{Portal|Saudi Arabia|Biography|Politics}}
  • Bob Shaheen

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=Who is Jamal Khashoggi? |website=VOA |date=2018-10-12 |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/who-is-jamal-khashoggi/4610403.html |access-date=2018-10-12}}
2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/22/arts/lavish-lifestyle-of-a-wheeler-dealer.html|title=Lavish Lifestyle Of a Wheeler-Dealer|last=Salmans|first=Sandra|access-date=2018-06-05|language=en}}
3. ^{{cite news |author=David Leigh and Rob Evans|title=Biography: Adnan Khashoggi|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/08/bae52|website=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |accessdate=29 January 2012 |location=London |date=7 June 2007}}
4. ^1 {{cite news|title=About the Bin Laden family|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/family.html|access-date=26 February 2013|newspaper=PBS}}
5. ^New York Magazine, "Stepping Out", By Jeanie Kasindorf, 18 Dec 1989, Page 44. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=NugCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA37&dq=khashoggi+Jeanie+Kasindorf&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimvtGk7JjeAhVDYxoKHQi9ACcQ6AEIMTAD#v=snippet&q=grandfather&f=false
6. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Ponton|first1=Rebecca|title=Soheir Khashoggi: Success Is No Mirage|journal=Woman Abroad Magazine|volume=Sept/Oct 2001|issue=7|url=http://www.rebeccaponton.com/skhashoggi.htm|access-date=7 June 2017}}
7. ^{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2009 |isbn=9780810870789 |edition=2, illustrated |page=123}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{Citation|last=Cross|first=Jim|title=Adnan Khashoggi|date=1985-02-23|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7553370/|last2=Gessner|first2=Hal|accessdate=2018-06-05}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,963261-5,00.html|title=Cover Stories: Khashoggi's High-Flying Realm|last=Stengel|first=Richard|date=19 January 1987|newspaper=Time|access-date=25 August 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919071454/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C963261-5%2C00.html|archivedate=19 September 2008|deadurl=no|page=5}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/inside-the-fabulous-world-of-donald-trump-where-money-is-no-problem/2015/10/09/e51ae0fc-6161-11e5-8e9e-dce8a2a2a679_story.html|title=Inside the fabulous world of Donald Trump, where money is no problem|last1=Roberts|first1=Roxanne|date=9 October 2015|access-date=16 August 2016|publisher=The Washington Post}}
11. ^{{Cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1987-01-29/news/mn-2279_1_bankruptcy-court |title=Utah Company of Khashoggi Goes Bankrupt |access-date=7 June 2017 |work=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press |publication-date=29 January 1987}}
12. ^1 2 {{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/06/world/middleeast/adnan-khashoggi-dead-saudi-arms-trader.html?_r=0 |title=Adnan Khashoggi, High-Living Saudi Arms Trader, Dies at 81 |last=Kinzer |first=Stephen |access-date=7 June 2017 |work=The New York Times |publication-date=6 June 2017}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1987/01/11/american-u-donation-stirs-debate/a8487a86-1788-4a79-ab8f-16e02c03df43/|title=AMERICAN U. DONATION STIRS DEBATE|last=Isikoff|first=Michael|date=11 January 1987|work=The Washington Post|access-date=12 June 2017|last2=Isikoff|first2=Michael|issn=0190-8286}}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-05-05/news/mn-2038_1_towed-daley-s-press-secretary-fbi|title=In Arresting Move, School's Board Drops Khashoggi|last=CHRISTENSEN|first=DEBORAH|date=5 May 1989|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=7 June 2017|issn=0458-3035}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-07-02/news/mn-640_1_imelda-marcos-acquitted |title=Imelda Marcos Acquitted : Cleared of Looting Philippines to Buy N.Y. Skyscrapers : Khashoggi Also Freed in Blow to Justice Dept. |date=2 July 1990 |publisher=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press}}
16. ^{{cite news|last1=Yuenger|first1=James|title=Arms Dealer Goes From Riches To Jail|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1989-07-20/news/8902180958_1_imelda-marcos-adnan-khashoggi-philippine-treasury|access-date=8 April 2016|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=20 July 1989}}
17. ^Website of production company Open Media
18. ^Bloomberg News in the New York Times. 14 April 2006 [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/14/business/14court.html S.E.C. Accuses Saudi Financier and Executive of Stock Fraud]
19. ^Edvard Pettersson for Bloomberg news. 1 April 2010 [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-04-01/saudi-financier-khashoggi-settles-with-sec-over-seller-of-ab-twisters- Saudi Financier Khashoggi Settles SEC's GenesisIntermedia Case]
20. ^1 {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-TL9ictK2NMC&pg=PT138 |title=Sleeping with the Devil: How Washington Sold Our Soul for Saudi Crude |last=Baer |first=Robert |publisher=Crown/Archetype |year=2003 |isbn=9781400053377 |page=138}}
21. ^The New Yorker: Lunch With The Chairman. 17 March 2003.
22. ^{{cite news|title=Heiress who casts herself as a struggling actress|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4704434/Heiress-who-casts-herself-as-a-struggling-actress.html|date=21 September 1996|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=8 June 2017}}
23. ^1 2 3 Dominick Dunne. Khashoggi's Fall, Vanity Fair, September 1989; Retrieved 11 February 2012
24. ^https://www.pressreader.com/uk/scottish-daily-mail/20170607/282209420825295
25. ^Pierre Trudeau, en casa de Khashoggui, La Vanguardia, 6 August 1986; Retrieved 11 February 2012
26. ^{{cite news|last=Salmans|first=Sandra|title=Lavish Lifestyle Of a Wheeler-Dealer |url=http://nytimes.com/1985/02/22/arts/lavish-lifestyle-of-a-wheeler-dealer.html|access-date=24 December 2011|newspaper=The New York Times |date=22 February 1985|quote="Khashoggi's retreat at Marbella in southern Spain, an entire mountain with seven villas, a 1,300-acre hunting preserve and what we are told is the world's largest outdoor marble disco floor. We are led through his New York duplex, a $25 million apartment in the Olympic Tower on Fifth Ave."}}
27. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21578447-intriguing-twists-and-discoveries-case-against-former-arms |title=Chasing debtors: Cash-strapped Khashoggi? |date=25 May 2013 |work=The Economist}}
28. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/07/adnan-khashoggi-obituary Adnan Khashoggi obituary, Michael Gillard, The Guardian, 7 Jun 2017]
29. ^1 2 {{Cite news |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000039306/ol-pejeta-house-khashoggi-s-decadent-hideout |title=Ol Pejeta House: Khashoggi’s decadent hideout |last=Mwongela |first=Ferdinand |access-date=7 June 2017 |work=Standard Digital |publication-date=21 July 2011}}
30. ^{{cite news|title=Saudi businessman Khashoggi, ‘Onassis of the Arab world,’ dies|url=http://www.muslimglobal.com/2017/06/saudi-businessman-khashoggi-onassis-of.html|access-date=8 June 2017|publisher=Muslim Global}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/morto-miliardario-khashoggi-c20546f0-1174-4c85-bd7a-997acea077ce.html |title=Morto il miliardario Khashoggi: icona di lusso e ricchezza negli anni '80 – Rai News |publisher=Rainews.it |date=27 November 2013 |access-date=6 June 2017}}
32. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.khashoggi.com/ak/obit.shtml|title=Adnan Khashoggi Obituary 7 June 2017’}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1111066/saudi-arabia|title=Saudi businessman Khashoggi, ‘Onassis of the Arab world,’ dies|publisher=Arab News|access-date=7 June 2017}}
34. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/moving-documentary-embodies-hank-greenspun-a-las-vegas-character/ |title=Moving documentary embodies Hank Greenspun, a Las Vegas character |access-date=7 June 2017 |work=Las Vegas Review Journal |publication-date=28 March 2008}}
35. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.hbo.com/documentaries/the-one-percent/synopsis.html |title=The One Percent |website=www.hbo.com}}
36. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/adnan-khashoggi-saudi-arms-merchant-and-world-class-playboy-dies/2017/06/06/491bbe60-4adf-11e7-a186-60c031eab644_story.html |title=Adnan Khashoggi, Saudi arms merchant and world-class playboy, dies |last=Murphy |first=Brian |access-date=7 June 2017 |work=The Washington Post |publication-date=6 June 2017}}
37. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/8848716/The-Shadow-World-Inside-theGlobal-Arms-Trade-by-Andrew-Feinstein-review.html |title=The Shadow World: Inside the Global Arms Trade by Andrew Feinstein: review |last=Marozzi |first=Justin |access-date=7 June 2017 |work=The Telegraph |publication-date=1 November 2011}}
38. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/saudi-arms-dealer-adnan-khashoggie-dead-eighty-one/3889559.html |title=Saudi Arms Dealer Adnan Khashoggi Dead at 81 |access-date=7 June 2017 |work=VOA News |publication-date=6 June 2017}}

Further reading

  • Kessler, Ronald. The Richest Man in the World: The Story of Adnan Khashoggi, Warner Books, New York, 1986
  • Mackey, Sandra. The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom. Updated Edition. Norton Paperback. W. W. Norton and Company, New York. 2002 (first edition: 1987). {{ISBN|0-393-32417-6}}

External links

Adnan Khashoggi Website  {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khashoggi, Adnan}}

16 : 1935 births|2017 deaths|California State University, Chico alumni|Victoria College, Alexandria alumni|Saudi Arabian people of Turkish descent|Saudi Arabian businesspeople|Arms traders|Ferdinand Marcos|Imelda Marcos|Saudi Arabian Sunni Muslims|Deaths from Parkinson's disease|Saudi Arabian billionaires|Khashoggi family|Former billionaires|Lockheed bribery scandals|Saudi Arabian people
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