| 词条 | Furongian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Furongian is the fourth and final series of the Cambrian. It lasted from {{Period start|Furongian}} to {{Period start|Ordovician}} million years ago. It succeeds the Miaolingian series of the Cambrian and precedes the Lower Ordovician Tremadocian stage. It is subdivided into three stages: the Paibian, Jiangshanian and the unnamed 10th stage of the Cambrian.[1] NamingThe Furongian was also known as the "Series 4" of the Cambrian and replaced the older term "Upper Cambrian" and equivalent to the local term "Hunanian". The name "Furongian" was ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in 2003. Furong (芙蓉) means "lotus" in Mandarin and refers to Hunan which is known as the "lotus state".[2] DefinitionThe lower boundary is defined in the same way as the GSSP of the Paibian stage. Both begin with the first appearance of the trilobite Glyptagnostus reticulatus around {{Period start|Paibian}} million years ago.[2] The upper boundary is the lower boundary and GSSP of the Tremadocian stage which is the first appearance of the conodont Iapetognathus fluctivagus around {{Period start|Tremadocian}} million years ago.[3] SubdivisionsThe following table shows the subdivisions of the Furongian series/epoch:[1]
BiostratigraphyThe base of two of three stages of the Furongian are defined as the first appearance of a trilobite. The base of the Paibian is the first appearance of Glyptagnostus reticulatus and the base of the Jiangshanian is the first appearance of Agnostotes orientalis.[4][5] The still unnamed Cambrian Stage 10 might be defined as the first appearance of Lotagnostus americanus or the conodont Eoconodontus notchpeakensis.[6] The Furongian can be divided into a number of trilobite zones:
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era|url=https://engineering.purdue.edu/Stratigraphy/gssp/index.php?parentid=77|publisher=Geologic Timescale Foundation|accessdate=17 November 2012}} {{Geological history|p|p|state=collapsed}}{{geochronology-stub}}{{paleo-stub}}2. ^{{cite web|title=GSSP for the Paibian|url=https://engineering.purdue.edu/Stratigraphy/gssp/paibian.htm|accessdate=12 November 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=GSSP for the Cambrian - Ordovician Boundary|url=https://engineering.purdue.edu/Stratigraphy/gssp/camord.htm|accessdate=17 November 2012}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Peng|first=Shanchi|author2=Babcock, Loren|author3= Robison, Richard|author4= Lin, Huanling|author5= Rees, Margaret|author6= Saltzman, Matthew|title=Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) of the Furongian Series and Paibian Stage (Cambrian)|journal=Lethaia|date=30 November 2004|volume=37|issue=4|pages=365–379|doi=10.1080/00241160410002081|url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/file43.pdf|accessdate=14 September 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=GSSP for Jiangshanian|url=https://engineering.purdue.edu/Stratigraphy/gssp/detail.php?periodid=145&top_parentid=0|accessdate=12 November 2012}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last=Landing|first=E.|author2=Westrop, S.R.|author3=Adrain, J.M.|title=The Lawsonian Stage - the Eoconodontus notchpeakensis FAD and HERB carbon isotope excursion define a globally correlatable terminal Cambrian stage|journal=Bulletin of Geosciences|date=19 September 2011|pages=621–640|doi=10.3140/bull.geosci.1251}} 3 : Cambrian geochronology|Geological epochs|Furongian |
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