词条 | Geography of Haiti |
释义 |
| name = Haiti | map = HaitiOMC.png | continent = Americas | region = Caribbean Greater Antilles | coordinates = {{coord|19|00|N|72|25|W|type:country}} | area ranking =147th | km area = 27750 | percent land= | km coastline = 1,771 | borders =Total land borders: 388 km | highest point= Pic la Selle 2,680 m | lowest point= Caribbean Sea 0 m| | longest river= Artibonite River| | largest lake= Étang Saumâtre| }} The Republic of Haiti comprises the western three-eighths of the island of Hispaniola, west of the Dominican Republic.[1][2] Haiti is positioned east of the neighboring island of Cuba, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. Haiti's geographic coordinates are at a longitude of 72° 25′ west and a latitude of 19° 00′ north. Haiti's total area is {{convert|27750|km2|0}}, of which {{convert|27560|km2|0}} is land and {{convert|190|km2|0}} is water. Haiti has {{convert|1771|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of coastline and a {{convert|360|km|0}}-border with the Dominican Republic. ClimateThe climate is tropical with some variation depending on altitude. Port-au-Prince ranges in January from an average minimum of {{convert|23|°C|1}} to an average maximum of {{convert|31|°C|1}}; in July, from {{convert|25|–|35|°C|°F}}. The rainfall pattern is varied, with rain heavier in some of the lowlands and on the northern and eastern slopes of the mountains. Port-au-Prince receives an average annual rainfall of {{convert|1370|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. There are two rainy seasons, April–June and October–November. Haiti is subject to periodic droughts and floods, made more severe by deforestation. Hurricanes are also a menace. Physical geographyHaiti's terrain varies, with more than 3/4ths of the territory above {{convert|700|ft|m}}. Its climate is predominantly tropical, with some smaller areas of semi-arid, subtropical, and oceanic climate. Fertile valleys are interspersed between the mountain ranges forming vast areas of contrast between elevations in many areas throughout the territory. Haiti (and Hispaniola) are separated from Cuba by way of the Windward Passage, a {{convert|45|nmi|km mi|0|abbr=on|lk=in}} wide strait that passes between the two countries. Haiti's lowest elevation is reported by one source to be sea level (the Caribbean Sea[3]), by another source to be below sea level (Gheskio clinic, Port-au-Prince[4] or in Gonaïves, <-1m[5]), while its highest point is Pic la Selle at {{convert|2680|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.
Islands{{Further|List of islands of Haiti}}Numerous smaller islands make up a part of Haiti's total territory. The most notable islands are:
Haiti also has several lakes. The largest lake in Haiti, and the second largest lake of the island of Hispaniola and the West Indies, is Lake Azuei. It is located in the Cul-de-Sac Depression with an area of 170 km2. It is a saline lake with a higher concentration of salt than the sea water and harbors numerous fauna such as American crocodiles and American flamingos. Lake Péligre is an artificial lake created by the construction of the Peligre Hydroelectric Dam. Trou Caïman is a saltwater lake with a total area of 16.2 km2. Lake Miragoâne is one of the largest natural freshwater lakes in the Caribbean, with an area of 25 km2. Statistics
Tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
Mostly rough and mountainous
Bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower, arable land
970 km3
14.03 km3 (2011)
Lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts
Extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=de9NDQAAQBAJ|title=Vascular Surgery: A Global Perspective |editor=Dardik, Alan |page=341 |year=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-33745-6}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5wBsDQAAQBAJ|title=Current Affairs November 2016 eBook |editor=Josh, Jagran |page=93 |year=2016 }} 3. ^CIA factbook 4. ^Wall Street Journal, Feb 20-21, 2010 5. ^Several sources, such as http://www.france24.com/en/20080911-disaster-aftermath-hurrican-ike-hanna-gonaives-haiti 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/haiti/rock.htm |title=Whose Rock Is It? Yes, the Haitians Care |first=Larry |last=Rohter |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=October 19, 1998 |month= |year= |work=Port-au-Prince Journal |publisher=The New York Times |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans-title=|id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=January 28, 2012 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}} External resources{{commons category}}{{Haiti topics}}{{Geography of North America}}{{North America topic|Climate of}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Geography Of Haiti}} 1 : Geography of Haiti |
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