| 词条 | George IV State Diadem |
| 释义 |
The George IV State Diadem, officially the Diamond Diadem, is a crown that was made in 1820 for King George IV. The diadem is worn by queens and queens consort in procession to coronations and State Openings of Parliament. It has been featured in paintings and on stamps and currency. It can be seen in the Queen's Gallery at Buckingham Palace. OriginGeorge IV commissioned Rundell & Bridge to make the diadem in 1820 at a cost of £8,216. The fee included a hire charge of £800 for the diamonds but there is no evidence they were ever returned to the jewellers.[1] George IV wore the diadem over his velvet cap of maintenance in the procession to his coronation at Westminster Abbey.[2] These are the equivalent of £{{Inflation|UK-GDP|8216|1820|fmt=c|r=-5}} and £{{Inflation|UK-GDP|800|1820|fmt=c|r=-4}} in {{Inflation-year|UK-GDP}}, respectively.{{Inflation-fn|UK-GDP}} DescriptionThe gold and silver frame, measuring {{convert|7.5|cm|in}} tall and {{convert|19|cm|in}} in diameter, is decorated with 1,333 diamonds weighing a total of 320 carats (64 g), including a four-carat yellow diamond in the front cross pattée.[3] Along the base are two strings of pearls. Originally, the upper string had 86 pearls and the lower 94, but they were changed to 81 and 88 in 1902.[4] Instead of the heraldic fleurs-de-lis usually seen on British crowns, the diadem has four bouquets of roses, thistles and shamrocks, the floral symbols of England, Scotland and Ireland respectively,[5] alternating with four crosses pattée around the top of its base. UsageIt has been worn by every queen and queen consort from Queen Adelaide, the wife of William IV, onwards. The diadem was reset with jewels from the royal collection for Queen Victoria.[6] Queen Elizabeth II wore the diadem in the procession to her coronation in 1953,[7] and she also wears it in the procession to and from the annual State Opening of Parliament.[8] When not in use, the diadem is on display in the Queen's Gallery at Buckingham Palace.[9] In art, stamps, and currencyThe iconic piece of jewellery has featured in many portraits of the Queen, including one painted by Lucian Freud in 2001[10] and one by Raphael Maklouf in 1984 that appears on Commonwealth coinage. Arnold Machin designed an earlier portrait in the 1960s that was used on coins and the Machin series of postage stamps in the UK.[11] The diadem has also featured on the banknotes of most Commonwealth realms, and those of Anguilla, Bermuda, British Guyana, British Honduras, British Virgin Islands, Cyprus, Dominica, Fiji, Hong Kong, Malaya, Malta, Mauritius, North Borneo, Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Saba, Southern Rhodesia, St Kitts and Nevis and Trinidad and Tobago. See also
References1. ^{{Royal Collection|31702|The Diamond Diadem}} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=Ronald Allison|author2=Sarah Riddell|title=The Royal Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kIoUAQAAIAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Macmillan Press|isbn=978-0-333-53810-4|page=173}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=The Journal of Gemmology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0_zAAAAMAAJ|volume=23|year=1992|publisher=Gemmological Association of Great Britain|page=41}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Edward Francis Twining|title=A History of the Crown Jewels of Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvIOAQAAMAAJ|year=1960|publisher=B. T. Batsford|page=169}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Paul D. Van Wie|title=Image, History and Politics: The Coinage of Modern Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egIVS0rwFhUC&pg=PA63|year=1999|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=978-0-7618-1222-7|pages=63–64}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Sophie McConnell|title=Metropolitan Jewelry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pdyPGIM0rygC&pg=PA56|year=1991|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=978-0-87099-616-0|page=56}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Don Coolican|title=Tribute to Her Majesty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8nH4lYwJxsAC|year=1986|publisher=Windward/Scott|isbn=978-0-7112-0437-9|page=273}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Jerrold M. Packard|title=The Queen & Her Court: A Guide to the British Monarchy Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c6D-5G3uSSsC|year=1981|publisher=Scribner|isbn=978-0-684-16796-1|page=162}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=50 facts about The Queen's Coronation|date=25 May 2003|publisher=The Official Website of the British Monarchy|author=The Royal Household|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2003/50factsaboutTheQueensCoronation.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209002249/http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Pressreleases/2003/50factsaboutTheQueensCoronation.aspx|archivedate=9 February 2012}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/exhibitions/the-queen-portraits-of-a-monarch/lucian-freud|title=The Queen: Portraits of a Monarch - Lucian Freud|publisher=Royal Collection Trust|accessdate=29 December 2015}} 11. ^{{cite book|title=Country Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AnJBAQAAIAAJ|volume=196|year=2002|page=161}} External links
4 : Jewellery of the Royal Collection of the United Kingdom|1820 works|George IV of the United Kingdom|Individual crowns |
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