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词条 Georg von Trapp
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Naval career

  3. Italian citizenship

  4. First marriage and inherited wealth

  5. Second marriage

  6. Departure from Austria and later life

  7. Death

  8. Children

  9. Orders, decorations and medals

  10. Portrayals

  11. Notes

  12. References

  13. Map locations

{{short description|Trapp family's father}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}{{Infobox person
| name = Baron Georg von Trapp
| image = Georg von Trapp.jpg
| birth_name = Georg Johannes Ludwig Ritter von Trapp
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1880|4|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = Zara, Kingdom of Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary (Zadar, Croatia)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1947|5|30|1880|4|4|df=yes}}
| death_place = Stowe, Vermont
| nationality = Austrian; Italian
| spouse = {{marriage|Agatha Whitehead
|1911|1922|end=her death}}
{{marriage|Maria Augusta Kutschera
|1927|1947|end=his death}}
| children = Rupert von Trapp
Agathe von Trapp
Maria Franziska von Trapp
Werner von Trapp
Hedwig von Trapp
Johanna von Trapp
Martina von Trapp
Rosmarie von Trapp
Eleonore von Trapp
Johannes von Trapp
| module = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
|nickname=
| allegiance= {{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} Austro-Hungarian Empire (to 1918)
| branch= {{navy|Austria-Hungary}}
| serviceyears= 1898–1918
| rank= Corvette Captain (Lieutenant-Commander)
| commands= {{ship|SM|U-6|Austria-Hungary|6}} (July 1910 – July 1913)
Torpedo Boat 52 (1913–1914)
{{ship|SM|U-5|Austria-Hungary|6}} (April–October 1915)
SM U-14 (captured French submarine Curie) (October 1915 – May 1918)
Submarine base commander at Cattaro (May–November 1918)
|battles=Wars:
  • Boxer Rebellion
  • World War I

|awards=Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa (1924)
|relations=
}}

Baron[1][2][3][4][5] Georg Johannes[6] Ludwig[7] Ritter von Trapp[8][9]{{efn|{{German title Ritter}}}} (4 April 1880 – 30 May 1947) was an Austro-Hungarian Navy officer and the patriarch of the Trapp Family Singers, whose lives were the inspiration for the play and movie The Sound of Music.[10][11] His naval exploits during World War I earned him numerous decorations, including the prestigious Military Order of Maria Theresa. Under his command, the submarines {{ship|SM|U-5|Austria-Hungary|6}} and {{ship|SM|U-14|Austria-Hungary|6}} sank 13 Allied ships totaling about {{GRT|45,669|disp=long}}.

Following Austria-Hungary's collapse after the war, von Trapp returned to his family but lost his wife to scarlet fever in 1922. Five years later, he married his children's tutor Maria Augusta Kutschera. Most of the family's wealth was wiped out during the Great Depression after von Trapp transferred his savings from a bank in London into an Austrian bank. Maria later trained the children to perform at various events as a way of earning a livelihood. The family came under increasing persecution from the Nazis after the Anschluss when von Trapp refused to serve in the German Navy due to his opposition to Nazi ideology. He fled with his family to Italy and later to the United States, where he set up a farm[12] and lived until his death in 1947.

Maria wrote of their time together in her memoir The Story of the Trapp Family Singers, which was the inspiration for Rodgers and Hammerstein's Broadway stage musical The Sound of Music in 1959.[11]

Early life

Georg Johannes Ludwig Ritter von Trapp was born in Zara, Dalmatia, then a Crown Land of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (present-day Zadar, Croatia). His father, Fregattenkapitän August Johann[13] Ritter von Trapp, was a naval officer who had been elevated to the Austrian nobility as "Ritter von Trapp". Both his sons inherited the hereditary title.

Georg's mother was Hedwig Wepler. His older sister was the Austrian artist Hede von Trapp, and his brother Werner died in 1915 during World War I.[15]

August Ritter von Trapp died in 1884, when Georg was four.[15]

Naval career

In 1894, aged fourteen, the young von Trapp followed in his father's footsteps and joined the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Navy, entering the naval academy at Fiume (now Rijeka).[15] As part of their required education, all naval cadets were taught to play a musical instrument; Georg selected the violin.[8] He graduated four years later and completed two years of follow-on training voyages, including one to Australia, as a cadet aboard the sail training corvette SMS Saida II.[8] On the voyage home he visited the Holy Land where he met a Franciscan friar who took him on a tour of all the Biblical sites he wanted to see. Among other things, von Trapp bought seven bottles of water from the Jordan River which were later used to baptize his first seven children.[15] In 1900 he was assigned to the protected cruiser {{SMS|Zenta}} and was decorated for his performance during the Boxer Rebellion, in which he participated in the assault on the Taku Forts.[8] In 1902 he passed the final officer's examination, and was commissioned a Fregattenleutnant (frigate lieutenant, equivalent to sub-lieutenant) in May 1903.[8] He was fascinated by submarines, and in 1908 seized the opportunity to be transferred to the navy's newly formed submarine arm, or U-boot-Waffe, receiving promotion to Linienschiffsleutnant (ship-of-the-line lieutenant, or lieutenant) that November.[8] In 1910 he was given command of the newly constructed {{ship|SM|U-6|Austria-Hungary|6}}, which was launched by his wife, the former Agatha Whitehead.[14] He commanded U-6 until 1913. {{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

On 17 April 1915, von Trapp took command of {{ship|SM|U-5|Austria-Hungary|6}}. He conducted nine combat patrols in U-5, and sank two enemy warships. One was the French armored cruiser {{ship|French cruiser|Léon Gambetta||2}}, sunk at {{Coord|39|30|N|18|15|E}} on 27 April 1915, {{convert|25|km|nmi mi|abbr=off}} south of Cape Santa Maria di Leuca. In hunting and sinking Gambetta, von Trapp achieved a notable success as commander of the first submarine to execute the first-ever underwater nighttime (and only the second nighttime) submarine attack on a vessel in the Adriatic.[8] Just over three months later, he sank the Italian submarine {{ship|Italian submarine|Nereide|1913|2}} at {{Coord|42|23|N|16|16|E}} on 5 August 1915, {{convert|250|m|yd}} off Pelagosa (Palagruža) Island.[15] He also captured the Greek steamer Cefalonia off Durazzo on 29 August 1915. Now lionised as a hero across the Austro-Hungarian Empire, von Trapp was nominated for the award of the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa for sinking the Gambetta, which he eventually received in 1924.[8]

Trapp has sometimes incorrectly been credited with sinking the Italian troop transport {{SS|Principe Umberto||2}}. In reality, this was sunk by U-5 under Trapp's successor, Friedrich Schlosser (1885–1959), on 8 June 1916.

Von Trapp was transferred to {{ship|SM|U-14|Austria-Hungary|6}}, formerly the French submarine Curie, which was sunk and salvaged by the Austrian Navy.[16]

Vessels sunk while in command of U-14
DateVesselNationalityLocation
28 April 1917Teakwood{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}{{Coord|36|39|N|21|10|E}}
3 May 1917Antonio Sciesa{{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}{{Coord|36|39|N|21|15|E}}
5 July 1917Marionga Goulandris{{flag|Greece|old}}{{Coord|35|38|N|22|36|E}}
23 August 1917Constance{{flag|France}}{{Coord|36|51|N|17|25|E}}
24 August 1917Kilwinning{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}{{Coord|35|26|N|16|30|E}}
26 August 1917Titian{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}{{Coord|34|20|N|17|30|E}}
28 August 1917Nairn{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}{{Coord|34|05|N|19|20|E}}
29 August 1917{{SS|Milazzo2}{{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}{{Coord|34|44|N|19|16|E}}
18 October 1917Good Hope{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}{{Coord|35|53|N|17|05|E}}
18 October 1917Elsiston{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}{{Coord|35|40|N|17|28|E}}
23 October 1917Capo Di Monte{{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}{{Coord|34|53|N|19|50|E}}

Captain von Trapp conducted ten more war patrols, until, in May 1918, he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän (equal to Lieutenant commander) and given command of the submarine base at Cattoro in the Gulf of Kotor. At the end of the fighting in 1918, von Trapp's wartime record stood at 19 war patrols; 11 cargo vessels totalling {{GRT|45,669}} sunk, plus Léon Gambetta and Nereide sunk, and one cargo vessel captured.

The end of World War I saw the defeat and collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In the process, Austria was reduced in size to its land-locked German-speaking heartlands, thus losing its sea-coasts, and had no further need for a navy, leaving von Trapp without a vocation or employment.[15]

Italian citizenship

{{Expand section|date=November 2017}}

On leaving Austria the von Trapps traveled to Italy, not Switzerland, as depicted in the film. Georg was born in Zadar (now in Croatia), which at that time was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1920, Zadar became part of Italy under the Treaty of Rapallo, as European national borders were realigned after the First World War and the collapse of the Empire, and Georg was thus an Italian citizen, along with his wife and children as well. The family had a contract with an American booking agent when they left Austria. They contacted the agent from Italy and requested fare to America.[17]

First marriage and inherited wealth

Trapp married Agatha Whitehead, a niece of St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton and a granddaughter of Robert Whitehead who invented the modern torpedo. The British government rejected Whitehead's invention, but Austrian Emperor Franz Josef invited him to open a torpedo factory in Fiume.[18] Trapp's first command was the U-boat U-6 which was launched by Agatha.[18][19]

Agatha's inherited wealth sustained the couple and permitted them to start a family, and they had two sons and five daughters over the next ten years. Their first child was Rupert,[20] born on 1 November 1911 at Pola, Istria while the couple were living at Pina Budicina 11.[21] Their other children were: Agathe, also born at Pola; Maria Franziska, Werner;[22] Hedwig, and Johanna, all born at the family home the Erlhof in Zell am See;[23] and Martina, born at the Martinsschlössel at Klosterneuburg, for which she was named.[24]

On 3 September 1922, Agatha von Trapp died of scarlet fever contracted from her daughter Agathe.[18] Trapp then acquired Villa Trapp in Aigen, a suburb of Salzburg, and moved his family there in 1924.[18][25] During this period, he delivered several lectures and conducted interviews on his distinguished naval career.[8] Georg von Trapp was formally elevated from the title of 'Knight' to 'Baron'[26][27] in 1924. [28]

Second marriage

About 1926, Maria Franziska was recovering from an illness and was unable to go to school, so von Trapp hired Maria Augusta Kutschera from the nearby Nonnberg Abbey as a tutor.[29] They were married on 26 November 1927 when he was 47 and she was 22.[18][30] They had Rosmarie, born on 8 February 1929,[31] Eleonore, born 14 May 1931, and Johannes, born 17 January 1939 in Philadelphia.

Departure from Austria and later life

In 1935, von Trapp's money, inherited from his English first wife, was invested in a bank in England. Austria was under economic pressure from a hostile Germany, and Austrian banks were in a precarious position. Von Trapp sought to help a friend in the banking business, Auguste Caroline Lammer (1885–1937), so he withdrew most of his money from London and deposited it in an Austrian bank. The bank failed, wiping out most of the family's substantial fortune.[14]

At about that time, a Catholic priest, Franz Wasner, around Maria's age, came to live with them and became the group's musical director.[10] Around 1936, Lotte Lehmann heard the family sing, and she suggested they perform paid concerts. When the Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg heard them on the radio, he invited them to perform in Vienna.[32]

According to Maria von Trapp's memoirs, Georg von Trapp found himself in a vexing situation after the German takeover of Austria in 1938. He was offered a commission in the German Navy, a tempting proposition for a Captain without a naval career, but decided to decline the offer, being opposed to Nazi ideology. Knowing that he could not decline the offer without the threat of arrest, possibly for his entire family, von Trapp decided to leave Austria. The family took a train to Italy, then sailed to the United States for their first concert tour, then in 1939 went back to Europe to tour Scandinavia, hoping to continue their concerts in cities beyond the reach of the Third Reich.[33] During this time, they went back to Salzburg for a few months before returning to Sweden to finish the tour. From there, they traveled to Norway to begin the trip back to the United States in September 1939, just after World War II broke out.[14]

After living for a short time in Merion, Pennsylvania, where they welcomed their youngest child, Johannes, the family settled in Stowe, Vermont, in 1941. They purchased a {{convert|660|acre|adj=on}} farm in 1942 and converted it into the Trapp Family Lodge.[34] In January 1947, Major General Harry J. Collins turned to the Trapp family in the US pleading for help for the Austrian people, having seen firsthand the residents of Salzburg suffer when he had arrived there with the 42nd Infantry Division after World War II. The Trapp Family founded the Trapp Family Austrian Relief, Inc., and the priest Franz Wasner, their pre-war friend, became its treasurer.

Death

Georg Johannes Ludwig Ritter von Trapp died of lung cancer on 30 May 1947, in Stowe, Vermont.[35]

Children

Image Name Mother Birth Death Notes
Rupert Agatha von Trapp (née Whitehead) 1 November 1911[18] 1992|2|22|1911|11|1|df=y}}[20] He married Henriette Lajoie (1927) in 1947 and had two sons and four daughters; they later divorced. He later married Janice Tyre (1920–1994), and had no children with her.[36] He was a physician.[14][61][37]
Agathe 12 March 1913 2010|12|28|1913|3|12|df=y}}[38][39] She worked as a singer and an artist, and lived in Baltimore, Maryland. Agathe ran a kindergarten with her longtime friend of 50 years, Mary Louise Kane, at the Sacred Heart Catholic parish in Glyndon, Maryland. She had no children.[11][36]
Maria Franziska}} 28 September 1914[40][41]2014|2|18|1914|9|28|df=yes}}[36][42][43][44][45][46]She worked as a singer and missionary in Papua New Guinea, no children. In 2008 she visited the ancestral home.[36][47]
Werner 21 December 1915}}2007|10|11|1915|12|21|df=y}}[48][49][50] He married Erika Klambauer in 1948 and had four sons and two daughters, including Elisabeth von Trapp.[22][36][51]
Hedwig 28 July 1917 1972|9|14|1917|7|28|df=y}}[11][49] She worked as a teacher, lived in Hawaii, and died of asthma, no children.
Johanna 7 September 1919 1994|11|25|1919|9|7|df=y}} She married Ernst Florian Winter in 1948 and had three sons, one died, and four daughters. She lived in Vienna and died there.[36]
Martina 17 February 1921 1951|2|25|1921|2|17|df=y}}[49] In 1949, she married Jean Dupiere (died before 1998). She died of complications during childbirth and had a stillborn daughter.
Rosmarie Maria von Trapp (née Kutschera)1929|2|8|df=y}}[52] Rosmarie worked as a singer and missionary in Papua New Guinea. She most recently lived in Pittsburgh, and had no children.[36]
Eleonore1931|5|14|df=y}}[30] She married Hugh David Campbell in 1954 and has seven daughters. She lives with her family in Waitsfield, Vermont.[11][36]
Johannes 1939|1|17|df=y}}[30] Married 1969 to Lynne Peterson and has one son, Sam von Trapp, and one daughter, Kristina von Trapp-Frame. Johannes managed the family resort in Stowe, Vermont, with his son Sam.[36][53]

Orders, decorations and medals

  • Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa (1924)
  • Knight's Cross of the Order of Leopold
  • Military Merit Cross [54]
  • 1898 Jubilee Medal
  • 1908 Jubilee Cross
  • War Medal 1914–1918 with swords
  • Long Service Cross (18 years)
  • Iron Cross First Class (German Empire)

Portrayals

The Captain has been portrayed in various adaptations of his family's life such as The Sound of Music, both the 1965 film and the Broadway musical, as well as two German films, The Trapp Family (1956) and The Trapp Family in America (1958).[55] However, these adaptations often altered the portrayal of the Captain. In real life and in the memoir "The Story of the Trapp Family Singers", written by his second wife Maria Augusta Trapp, the Captain has been described as being a warm and loving father who was always around.[56][57] The Captain was portrayed in a more negative light in many adaptations though. For instance, in the 1965 film, Georg von Trapp was portrayed as a disciplinary man who always went away and did not care for his children or their feelings at the beginning of the film.[58] BBC Radio presented a different account of the family in October, 2009, in a play by Annie Caulfield called The Von Trapps and Me, focussed on Princess Yvonne, "the woman Captain Von Trapp jilted in order to marry Maria."[59]

Notes

{{notelist}}

In Austria, when bestowed the title of 'Ritter' (knighthood) it becomes legally a part of how your name is styled. In this instance, the title of 'Baron' is a separate title altogether.

References

1. ^https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2015/07/18/frances-perkins-aided-the-von-trapp-family-singers/
2. ^https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/14/us/tribute-to-baron-von-trapp-joined-by-country-he-fled.html
3. ^https://www.georgandagathe.org/history--georg-s-naval-career.html
4. ^https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2005/winter/von-trapps.html
5. ^https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/29/obituaries/maria-von-trapp-whose-life-was-sound-of-music-is-dead.html
6. ^"To The Last Salute" by Georg von Trapp, University of Nebraska Press, pg. xvii (introduction) "Georg Johannes Ritter von Trapp was born in Zara on the Dalmatian coast, then Austrian territory, on April 4th, 1880..."
7. ^{{cite news |author= |url=https://www.rusi.org.au/resources/Documents/QLD/2016%20BL%20Vol%204%20Issue%204.pdf |title=The hills are alive with the sound of music, OR, will the real Captain von Trapp please stand up |work=The Brisbane Line |volume=4 |issue=4 | page=18 |quote=Georg Johannes Ludwig von Trapp was born in Zara Dalmatia (Zadar in Croatia) on 4 April 1880, son of Freggenkapitan August von Trapp, and Hedwig Wepler. |date=November 2016 |access-date=14 February 2019}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |url=https://www.georgandagathe.org/history--georg-s-naval-career.html |title=Georg's Naval Career |last= |first= |date= |website=Georg & Agathe Foundation |access-date=10 February 2018 |quote=}}
9. ^Heeresgeschichtliches Museum / Militärhistorisches Institut (Hrsg.): Das Heeresgeschichtliche Museum im Wiener Arsenal. Verlag Militaria, Wien 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-902551-69-6}}, S. 164
10. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|title=Trapp Family profile|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/603412/Trapp-family|quote=Maria Augusta Kutschera (b. Jan. 26, 1905, Vienna – d. March 28, 1987, Morrisville, Vt., U.S.), the best-known member of the family, wrote The Story of the Trapp Family Singers (1949). She recounted her experience as an orphan and novitiate in a Benedictine convent in Salzburg. As a governess, she won the hearts of the seven children of a widower, Freiherr (Baron) Georg von Trapp, a World War I submarine commander, and of the baron himself. She was married to Trapp in 1927, and they had three children. In the mid-1930s the family began singing German and liturgical music under the tutelage of the Reverend Franz Wasner, who continued as their director. In 1937 they made their first European tour as professional singers—the Trapp Family Choir. With Father Wasner, the family fled in 1938 from Nazi-dominated Austria to Italy (he had got Italian citizenship) and then emigrated to the United States.|accessdate=9 January 2011}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|title=Tribute to Baron von Trapp Joined by Country He Fled|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/14/us/tribute-to-baron-von-trapp-joined-by-country-he-fled.html|quote=The ceremonies ended today in a morning Mass, at which the cadets stood watch during a performance of Franz Schubert's Deutsche Messe, then laid a wreath at the grave of Baron and Baroness von Trapp, who were portrayed by Christopher Plummer and Julie Andrews in the film The Sound of Music (1965). The six surviving children are Eleonore Campbell, and Rosmarie, Maria F., Werner, Johannes, and Agathe von Trapp, all of whom live in the United States.|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 July 1997|accessdate=8 January 2011}}
12. ^https://www.trappfamily.com/von-trapp-story.htm
13. ^https://www.georgandagathe.org/children-parents-grandparents.html
14. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|first=Joan|last=Gearin|url=https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2005/winter/von-trapps.html|title=The Real Story of the von Trapp Family|accessdate=5 January 2009|quote=Maria Kutschera and Georg von Trapp married in 1927. They had three children together: Rosmarie (born 1928 or 1929) , Eleonore (born 1931), and Johannes (born 1939).|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration }}
15. ^von Trapp, p. 41.
16. ^{{harvnb|von Trapp|2007|p=67}}
17. ^{{cite magazine |last=Gearin |first=Joan |date=30 October 2005 |title=Movie vs. Reality: The Real Story of the Von Trapp Family |url=https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2005/winter/von-trapps.html |magazine=Prologue |dead-url=yes |location=USA |publisher=Prologue |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629040126/http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2005/winter/von-trapps.html |volume=37 |issue=4 |archive-date=29 June 2011 |access-date=30 December 2017 |df=dmy-all }}.
18. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{Cite book|last= Trapp|first=Georg von|title=To the Last Salute: Memories of an Austrian U-Boat Commander|quote=Not long after that Agathe, the oldest daughter, came down with scarlet fever. Her siblings contracted the disease, and their mother nursed them…. They were married on January 10, 1911, and lived in the Trapp villa in Pola, Austria. Their first child, Rupert Georg von Trapp, was born November 1, 1911.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dOHuFPfh4uwC&pg=PR14&lpg=PR14&dq=January+10,+1911+von+trapp|isbn=0-8032-4667-6|date=1 December 2007}}
19. ^Sources conflict on whether the marriage took place in January 1911 or January 1912.
20. ^1 Social Security Death Index as "Rupert Vontrapp" 1 November 1911 – 22 February 1992; 05672 (Stowe, Lamoille, VT); 127-14-1082; Social Security issued in New York
21. ^The Villa Trapp is at Pina Budicina 11 at {{Coord|44|52|10.40|N|13|50|29.43|E|display=inline}}
22. ^1 {{Cite news|title=Susan Hoyt, Teacher, Sets July Wedding|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/03/23/archives/susan-hoyt-teacher-sets-july-wedding.html|quote=The engagement of Susan Thatcher Hoyt to Bernhard Rupert von Trapp has been announced by her mother, Mrs. G. Chamberlin Hoyt of Short Hills, New Jersey. Mr. von Trapp is a son of Mr. and Mrs. Werner von Trapp of Waitsfield, Vermont, and Salzburg, Austria. A July wedding is planned.|work=The New York Times|date=23 March 1980|accessdate=21 July 2007}}
23. ^The Erlhof is at {{Coord|47|18|46.88|N|12|48|59.53|E|display=inline}}
24. ^The Martinsschlössel is at {{Coord|48|18|48.04|N|16|19|10.47|E|display=inline}}
25. ^The family villa in Aigen is at {{Coord|47|47|19.59|N|13|4|53.00|E|display=inline}}
26. ^https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/29/obituaries/maria-von-trapp-whose-life-was-sound-of-music-is-dead.html
27. ^https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2005/winter/von-trapps.html
28. ^https://www.georgandagathe.org/history--georg-s-naval-career.html
29. ^{{cite news |author=Trapp Family Lodge |url=http://www.trappfamily.com/agathevontrapp |title=The von Trapp Chronology |date= |accessdate=2015-04-06 |quote=the nun… was not a governess. She was a tutor for one of the von Trapp sisters, who was too weak from scarlet fever to make the 45-minute trek to school. |publisher= |location= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830182358/http://www.trappfamily.com/agathevontrapp |archivedate=30 August 2011 |df=dmy }}
30. ^1 2 Petition for Naturalization, Retrieved 5 January 2009{{Better source|date=February 2017|reason=CIRCULAR}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2005/winter/von-trapps.html|title=Movie vs. Reality: The Real Story of the Von Trapp Family|date=15 August 2016|publisher=}}
32. ^{{cite news|title=Family Choir|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,772134,00.html|quote=When Soprano Lotte Lehmann heard them, she suggested concerts. When Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg heard them over the radio, he invited them to sing in Vienna. Soon the Trapp family was touring the whole map of Europe.|work=Time magazine|date=19 December 1938|accessdate=7 January 2011}}
33. ^{{cite news|title=Family Life in Vermont|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794845,00.htm|quote=In 1938, the von Trapp family arrived in the U.S. with $4 in their pocket and a concert contract in hand. Father Wasner came along as the family chaplain, by special dispensation of his bishop. 'How I hated this country at first', Maria von Trapp says. "Oblong envelopes and mayonnaise on pears!' But the family was soon making $1,000 a concert, and she thought better of the country. "It's so big', she exclaims, "and I love to make long-distance calls!" All the von Trapps are now U.S. citizens, and some have dropped their titles and the 'von'.|work=Time Magazine|date=18 July 1949|accessdate=7 January 2011}}
34. ^{{Cite news|title=Tribute to Baron von Trapp Joined by Country He Fled|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E05E7DE1438F937A25754C0A961958260|quote=In 1942, the von Trapps bought a farm in Stowe and built the lodge, which burned in 1980 and was rebuilt. Some family members have continued to run the lodge as an inn and ski resort.|work=The New York Times|date=14 July 1997|accessdate=5 January 2009}}
35. ^In The Story of the Trapp Family Singers (1949), Maria points out that there was a high incidence of lung cancer among World War I U-Boat crews, due to the diesel and gasoline fumes, and poor ventilation, and that his death could be considered service-related. Maria also acknowledges in her book that, like most men of the period, the Captain was a heavy smoker.
36. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Cite news|title=Maria von Trapp, whose life was 'Sound of Music', is Dead|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEED91738F93AA15750C0A961948260|quote=Maria Augusta von Trapp, the guiding force behind a family of singers who won world renown when their story was portrayed in the play and film The Sound of Music, died of heart failure yesterday in Morrisville, Vermont, three days after undergoing surgery. She was 82 years old and had lived in Stowe, Vermont, for more than 40 years. ... She is survived by a son, Johannes, of Stowe; two daughters, Eleonore Campbell of Waitsfield, Vermont, and Rosmarie Trapp of Pittsburgh; two stepsons, Rupert, of Stowe and Werner, of Waitsfield; three stepdaughters, Agathe von Trapp of Glyndon, Maryland, Maria Franziska von Trapp of Papua New Guinea, and Johanna von Trapp of San Diego, California, and by 29 grandchildren.|work=The New York Times|date=29 March 1987|accessdate=21 July 2007|first=Peter|last=Kerr}}
37. ^Social Security Death Index as "Janice T. Vontrapp" – 26 June 1920; 21 December 1994 (V) 05672 (Stowe, Lamoille, VT); 05672 (Stowe, Lamoille, VT) 169-14-4569; Social Security issued in Pennsylvania
38. ^{{cite news|title=So long, farewell: Von Trapp daughter dies, aged 97 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/dec/30/von-trapp-daughter-dies |quote=Agathe von Trapp, whose film counterpart was 16-going-on-17 Liesl, who had her heart broken by Rolf, the post boy turned Hitler Youth member, died from heart failure at a hospice in the Baltimore suburb of Towson, her friend Mary Louise Kane said yesterday.|newspaper=The New York Times|date=30 December 2010|accessdate=9 January 2011}}
39. ^{{Cite news|title=Obituary: Kindergarten teacher Agathe von Trapp was the real Liesl of The Sound of Music|last=King|first=John|date=29 December 2010|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/movies/2010/12/29/obituary_kindergarten_teacher_agathe_von_trapp_was_the_real_liesl_of_the_sound_of_music.html|newspaper=Toronto Star|accessdate=14 February 2019}}
40. ^Electronic mail from Carla Campbell von Trapp Hunter from August 2010
41. ^{{cite web|last=Trapp|first=Johannes von|title=The Trapp Family Biography|url=http://www.trappfamily.com/story/biography}}
42. ^{{cite news|title=Maria Trapp: Letztes Mitglied der singenden Familie tot|url=http://www.salzburg.com/nachrichten/welt/chronik/sn/artikel/maria-trapp-letztes-mitglied-der-singenden-familie-tot-95418|accessdate=21 February 2014|newspaper=Salzburger Nachrichten|date=21 February 2014|language=German}}
43. ^{{cite news|title=Maria von Trapp, last member of Sound of Music family, dies|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-26311694|quote=The last surviving member of the Trapp Family Singers, the group whose story inspired The Sound of Music, has died at the age of 99, her family say. Maria von Trapp died at her home in Vermont on Tuesday, her brother, Johannes von Trapp, told the Associated Press.|newspaper=BBC|date=22 February 2014|accessdate=23 February 2014}}
44. ^{{cite news|title=Maria von Trapp: last member of family group that inspired Sound of Music dies. Family escaped Nazi-occupied Austria in 1938 and won acclaim throughout Europe for their singing|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/23/maria-von-trapp-sound-of-music-dies|quote=The last surviving member of the famous Trapp Family Singers made famous in The Sound of Music has died at her home in Vermont, aged 99. Von Trapp's brother, Johannes von Trapp, said she died on Tuesday. ...|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Guardian|date=22 February 2014|accessdate=23 February 2014}}
45. ^{{cite news|title=Maria von Trapp, last of famous singing siblings, dies at 99|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/22/showbiz/obit-maria-von-trapp|quote=Maria von Trapp, the last of the singing children immortalized in the movie musical 'The Sound of Music,' died at her Vermont home of natural causes, her half-brother told CNN on Saturday. The native of Austria was 99 and lived in Stowe. She died Tuesday.|newspaper=CNN|date=23 February 2014|accessdate=23 February 2014}}
46. ^{{cite news|title=Maria von Trapp, 'Sound of Music' Daughter, Dies at 99|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/24/arts/maria-von-trapp-sound-of-music-daughter-dies-at-99.html|quote=Maria Franziska von Trapp, the last surviving sibling of seven brothers and sisters who were portrayed in the Broadway musical and the film 'The Sound of Music,' died on Tuesday at her home in Stowe, Vt. She was 99. Her death was confirmed by her half-brother, Johannes von Trapp.|newspaper=The New York Times|date=23 February 2014 |accessdate=24 February 2014 }}
47. ^{{Cite news|first=Tom|last=Peterkin|title=Maria Franziska von Trapp returns to home that inspired The Sound of Music|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2460543/Maria-von-Trapp-returns-to-home-that-inspired-The-Sound-of-Music.html|quote=Seventy years after fleeing the Nazis, a 93-year-old woman whose family was immortalised in "The Sound of Music" has returned to Austria to visit her former home.|work=The Telegraph|date=26 July 2008|accessdate=26 December 2008|location=London}}
48. ^1 Social Security Death Index as "Werner Vontrapp" 21 December 1915; 11 October 2007 (V) 05673 (Waitsfield, Washington, VT); 127-14-1139; Social Security issued in New York
49. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.trappfamily.com/familystory/history.php?tid=156|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331065411/http://www.trappfamily.com/familystory/history.php?tid=156|dead-url=yes|archive-date=31 March 2008|title=Trapp Family biodata|accessdate=21 January 2009|publisher=Trapp Family Lodge}}
50. ^{{Cite news|title=Werner von Trapp, a Son in 'Sound of Music' Family, Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/15/arts/music/15trapp.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/D/Deaths%20(Obituaries)|quote=Werner von Trapp, a member of the family made famous by the stage musical and the 1965 movie 'The Sound of Music,' died Thursday at his home in Waitsfield, Vt. He was 91.|work=Associated Press in The New York Times|date=15 October 2007|accessdate=5 January 2009}}
51. ^{{Cite news|title=Granddaughter of 'Sound of Music' duo to perform|url=http://cjonline.com/stories/042408/lei_271644771.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503110530/http://cjonline.com/stories/042408/lei_271644771.shtml|dead-url=yes|archive-date=3 May 2012|quote=Her father, Werner, who was portrayed in the musical as the stoic Kurt, purchased a dairy farm about 35 miles south of the von Trapp family's New World homestead after he left the Trapp Family Singers. ... Werner von Trapp died Oct. 11, 2007, at age 91.|work=The Topeka Capital-Journal|date=24 April 2008|accessdate=26 December 2008}}
52. ^{{cite web |url=http://data.matricula-online.eu/de/oesterreich/salzburg/salzburg-aigen/TFB10/?pg=315 |title=Rosa Trapp 8.II. 1929 |date= |accessdate=2018-01-12 |quote= |publisher= }}
53. ^{{Cite news|first= Stephanie|last=Clifford|title=Von Trapps Reunited, Without the Singing|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/25/business/25vontrapp.html?_r=1&em|quote=Still, Johannes von Trapp, the 10th and youngest child, remembers growing up relatively anonymously in a quiet, strict home. ... By 1969, he had graduated from Dartmouth, completed a master's degree from the Yale school of forestry and was planning on an academic career in natural resources. He returned to Stowe to put the inn's finances in order, and ended up running the place. He tried to leave, moving to a ranch in British Columbia in 1977 and staying a few years, then moving to a ranch in Montana. But the professional management in Stowe kept quitting. 'Now I'm stuck here,' he said.|work=The New York Times|date=24 December 2008|accessdate=26 December 2008}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=https://uboat.net/wwi/men/commanders/542.html|title=Korvettenkapitän Georg Ritter von Trapp - German and Austrian U-boats of World War One - Kaiserliche Marine - uboat.net|website=uboat.net}}
55. ^{{Cite book|title=The Sound of Music: The Making of America's Favorite Movie|last=Hirsch|first=Julia Antopol|publisher=Contemporary Books|year=1993|isbn=|location=Lincolnwood, Illinois|pages=6}}
56. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/1998/06/vontrapp199806|title=The Sound of Money|last=Andrews|first=Suzanna|work=Vanity Fair|access-date=2017-12-01|language=en}}
57. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31658799|title=The truth about the Sound of Music family|last=Hidalgo|first=Louise|date=2015-03-01|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-12-01|language=en-GB}}
58. ^Wise, Robert. The Sound of Music. Twentieth Century Fox, 1965.
59. ^https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00mz3pq. The "princess" was identified by a London newspaper as Baroness Elsa Schräder. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mandrake/3287089/Now-for-the-story-of-the-Baroness-from-The-Sound-of-Music.html

Map locations

{{Reflist|group=Map}}{{Authority control}}{{The Story of the Trapp Family Singers}}{{DEFAULTSORT:von Trapp, Georg Johannes Ludwig}}

17 : 1880 births|1947 deaths|Austrian emigrants to the United States|Austrian knights|Austrian nobility|Austrian male musicians|Austrian Roman Catholics|Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I|Austro-Hungarian Navy officers|Deaths from cancer in Vermont|Deaths from lung cancer|Musical theatre characters|Emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss|People from Zadar|Trapp family|U-boat commanders (Imperial Navy)|Knights Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
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