| 词条 | Gibson Desert |
| 释义 |
| name = Gibson Desert | other_name = | photo = Gibson Desert and moon from Alfred & Marie Range.jpg | photo_caption = The typical appearance of the Gibson Desert | map = | map_image = IBRA 6.1 Gibson Desert.png | map_caption = The IBRA-defined boundaries of the Gibson Desert | location = | country = Australia | region = | state = Western Australia | district = | city = | relief = | label = | label_position = | coordinates = {{coord}} | coordinates_ref = | elevation = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | elevation_ref = | length = | length_mi = | length_km = | length_orientation = | length_note = | width = | width_mi = | width_km = | width_orientation = | width_note = | area = | area_mi2 = | area_km2 =156000 | depth = | depth_ft = | depth_m = | type = | age = | border = | topo = | traversed = | river = | footnotes = | embed = }} The Gibson Desert, an interim Australian bioregion, is a large desert that covers a large dry area in the state of Western Australia and is still largely in an almost "pristine" state. It is about {{convert|155000|km2}} in size, making it the fifth largest desert in Australia, after the Great Victoria, Great Sandy, Tanami and Simpson deserts. Location and descriptionThe Gibson Desert is located between the saline Lake Disappointment and Lake Macdonald along the Tropic of Capricorn, south of the Great Sandy Desert, east of the Little Sandy Desert, and north of the Great Victoria Desert. The altitude rises to just above {{convert|500|m}} in places. As noted by early Australian explorers such as Ernest Giles[1] large portions of the desert are characterized by gravel-covered terrains covered in thin desert grasses and it also contains extensive areas of undulating red sand plains and dunefields, low rocky/gravelly ridges and substantial upland portions with a high degree of laterite formation. The sandy soil of the lateritic buckshot plains is rich in iron. Several isolated salt-water lakes occur in the centre of the region and to the southwest a system of small lakes follow paleo-drainage features.[2] Groundwater sources include portions of the Officer Basin and Canning Basin. Rainfall in the Gibson Desert ranges from {{convert|200|to|250|mm}} annually, while evaporation rates are in the range of {{convert|3600|mm}} per year. The climate is generally hot; summer maximum temperatures rise above {{convert|40|C}} whilst in winter the maximum may fall to {{convert|18|C}} and minimum winter temperatures dip to {{convert|6|C}}.[3]NameThe Gibson Desert was named by explorer Ernest Giles after a member of his party, Alfred Gibson, who became lost and presumably died in this desert during an expedition in 1874.[1] Indigenous habitationIn much of the region, especially the drier western portion, the majority of people living in the area are Indigenous Australians. In 1984, due to a severe drought which had dried up all of the springs and depleted the bush foods, a group of the Pintupi people who were living a traditional semi-nomadic desert-dwelling life, walked out of a remote wilderness in the central-eastern portion of the Gibson Desert (northeast of Warburton) and made contact for the first time with Australian society. They are believed to have been perhaps the last uncontacted tribe in Australia.{{Citation needed|date=September 2008}} On the eastern margin of the region, population centres (which include people of European descent) include Warburton, Mantamaru and Warakurna. Young Indigenous adults from the Gibson Desert region work in the Wilurarra Creative programs to maintain and develop their culture.[4] See also{{stack|{{Portal|Australia|Geography}}}}
References1. ^1 {{cite book | last1 = Giles | first1 = Ernest | authorlink1 = Ernest Giles | title = Australia twice traversed: the romance of exploration, being a narrative compiled from the journals of five exploring expeditions into and through central South Australia and Western Australia from 1872 to 1876 | volume = 2 | publisher = Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington | year = 1889 | location = London | url = http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/g/giles/ernest/g47a/| accessdate = 2012-05-12 | isbn = 0-86824-015-X}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Rangelands - Overview - Gibson Desert |url=http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/rangelands/overview/wa/ibra-gd.html#pest |work=Australian Natural Resources Atlas |publisher=Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities |accessdate=19 December 2010 |date=27 Jun 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316064403/http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/rangelands/overview/wa/ibra-gd.html |archivedate=16 March 2011 |df=dmy }} 3. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20110605002117/http://home.iprimus.com.au/ozthunder/oz/gibson.html,/ Great Victoria and Gibson Deserts, Western Australia] from [https://web.archive.org/web/20071118172519/http://home.iprimus.com.au/ozthunder/oz/front.html Climate and Weather Atlas of Australia] by Michael Thompson, verified 2006-01-23. 4. ^Wilurarra Creative 2011 Further reading
External links{{commonscat-inline}}
5 : Biogeography of Western Australia|Deserts of Western Australia|Ecoregions of Australia|Ergs|IBRA regions |
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