“Agricultural science”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Agricultural science is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. (Veterinary science, but not animal science, is often excluded from the definition.)

Agriculture, agricultural science, and agronomy

Agricultural biotechnology

Fertilizer

One of the most common yield reducers is because of fertilizer not being applied in slightly higher quantities during transition period, the time it takes the soil to rebuild its aggregates and organic matter. Yields will decrease temporarily because of nitrogen being immobilized in the crop residue, which can take a few months to several years to decompose, depending on the crop's C to N ratio and the local environment.

History

In the 18th century, Johann Friedrich Mayer conducted experiments on the use of gypsum (hydrated calcium sulphate) as a fertilizer.^[4]

In 1843, John Lawes and Henry Gilbert began a set of long-term field experiments at Rothamsted Research Station in England; some of them are still running.^[5]

In the United States, a scientific revolution in agriculture began with the Hatch Act of 1887, which used the term "agricultural science". The Hatch Act was driven by farmers' interest in knowing the constituents of early artificial fertilizer. The Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 shifted agricultural education back to its vocational roots, but the scientific foundation had been built.^[6] After 1906, public expenditures on agricultural research in the US exceeded private expenditures for the next 44 years.^[7]{{rp|xxi}}

Prominent agricultural scientists

Fields or related disciplines

Further reading

References

1. ^{{cite book | last=Bosso | first=Thelma | title=Agricultural Science | publisher=Callisto Reference | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-63239-058-5}}
2. ^{{cite book | last=Boucher | first=Jude | title=Agricultural Science and Management | publisher=Callisto Reference | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-63239-965-6}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=http://absp2.cornell.edu/resources/briefs/documents/warp_briefs_eng_scr.pdf | title=What is Agricultural Biotechnology? | publisher=Cornell University | accessdate=3 February 2015 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226020957/http://absp2.cornell.edu/resources/briefs/documents/warp_briefs_eng_scr.pdf | archivedate=26 February 2015 | df=dmy-all }}
4. ^John Armstrong, Jesse Buel. A Treatise on Agriculture, The Present Condition of the Art Abroad and at Home, and the Theory and Practice of Husbandry. To which is Added, a Dissertation on the Kitchen and Garden. 1840. p. 45.
5. ^{{cite web|title=The Long Term Experiments|url=https://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/long-term-experiments|publisher=Rothamsted Research|accessdate=26 March 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327084207/https://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/long-term-experiments|archivedate=27 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}
6. ^Hillison J. (1996). The Origins of Agriscience: Or Where Did All That Scientific Agriculture Come From? {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002140821/http://pubs.aged.tamu.edu/jae/pdf/vol37/37-04-08.pdf |date=2 October 2008 }}. Journal of Agricultural Education.
7. ^Huffman WE, Evenson RE. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWcolrGftT0C Science for Agriculture]. Blackwell Publishing.
8. ^Agricultural research, livelihoods, and poverty | International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626071001/http://www.ifpri.org/publication/agricultural-research-livelihoods-and-poverty |date=26 June 2010 }}

External links

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)

Agricultural Research Service

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

International Livestock Research Institute

The National Agricultural Library (NAL) - The most comprehensive agricultural library in the world.

[https://www.crops.org/ Crop Science Society of America]

[https://www.agronomy.org/ American Society of Agronomy]

[https://www.soils.org/ Soil Science Society of America]

[https://www.researchgate.net/science/748_Agricultural_science Agricultural Science Researchers, Jobs and Discussions]

Information System for Agriculture and Food Research

South Dakota Agricultural Laboratories

NMSU Department of Entomology Plant Pathology and Weed Science

2 : Agronomy|Agriculture