| 词条 | Grazia |
| 释义 |
| title = Grazia | image_file = Grazia (magazine) January 2009 cover.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | editor = Chantelle Horton | editor_title = | previous_editor = | staff_writer = | frequency = Weekly | circulation = | category = Women's magazine | company = Arnoldo Mondadori Editore | publisher = | firstdate = {{start date and age|df=y|1938|10|1}} | country = Italy | based = Milan | language = Italian | website = Grazia | issn = 1120-5113 }} Grazia ({{IPA-it|ˈɡrattsja|pron}}; Italian for Grace) is a weekly women's magazine that originated in Italy with international editions printed in Albania, Australia, Bahrain, Bulgaria,[1] China, Croatia, France, Germany.[2] Greece, Indonesia, India, Macedonia,[3] Mexico, the Netherlands,[4] Poland, Portugal, Pakistan, Serbia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. History and profileThe Italian edition of Grazia was first published Mondadori in November 1938.[5][6] The magazine was modelled on the American magazine Harper's Bazaar.[7] The start of Grazia was a return in Italy to traditionalist values such as cooking and child-rearing.[8] During the fascist rule in the country the magazine followed the Fascist policies and propaganda.[8] Following World War II the magazine was renewed, but its conservative stance remained.[8] From its beginning in 1938 to September 1943, Bruno Munari served as the art director for the magazine and for another Mondadori title, Tempo.[9] In Italy, it is owned by the Mondadori[5][10] which later became one of Silvio Berlusconi's companies,[11] Grazia published an article in July 2015 which promoted the breeding of family pets to make money to buy better furniture. This brought international condemnation from animal lovers owing to the number of unwanted pets which are killed in overcrowded shelters each week. A press statement from the British Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) was critical of Grazia.[12]International editionsGrazia has international editions in several countries.[13] Its first international edition was published in Bulgaria in March 2004.[14] The British edition of the magazine began publication in February 2005[13] and is owned in the UK under licence by Bauer Consumer Media.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} The Greek version was launched in April 2005.[13] In November of the same year its edition in the United Arab Emirates was first issued.[13]The magazine had an edition in Croatia from February 2006 and in Serbia from June 2006.[13] The Russian edition began publication in March 2007,[13] while the Netherlands followed in August 2007.[13] Grazia India was launched in May 2008.[13] Its Australian edition began publication in July 2008,[13] but folded in February 2013.[15][16] [https://grazia.com.au/ Grazia Australia] reopened in 2015 under new management. In February 2009 the Chinese version of Grazia was started, being its twelfth international edition.[17] The French version of the magazine was first published in August 2009.[18] The inaugural issue of Grazia Korea was launched on 20 February 2013. It features a photospread of actors Lee Byung-hun, Bae Soo-bin and Kim Do-hyun for the play based on the film Masquerade (2012).[19] Grazia Pakistan was launched in February 2017. The launch party took place at the HSY Mansion in Krachi on the 6th of February with publisher and Editot-in-Chief of Grazia Pakistan, Zahraa Saifullah and the first issue cover girl Mawra Hocane.[20] GermanyOnly one and a half years after the start of the German edition of Grazia, Mediengruppe Klambt brought the title 2011 into a joint venture in which Gruner + Jahr barely held the majority. in 2017, the women's magazine has been bought back completely. As oh January 1, 2018, Mediengruppe Klambt is taking over the 50.1% share, which was previously held by Gruner + Jahr.[21] CirculationGrazia had a circulation of 374,213 copies in 1984.[22] The Italian version of the magazine had a circulation of 240,000 copies from January to August 2003.[23] The 2007 circulation of the Italian edition was 218,083 copies.[24][25] In Italy, the circulation of the magazine rose to 382,000 copies in the first half of 2011.[26] During the same period the British edition of the magazine had a circulation of 219,741 copies.[27] The circulation in the UK for the second half of 2013 was 160,019 copies.[28]GermanyThe fashion magazine's published circulation in the third quarter 2017 was 96,632 copies - a drop of around 20 percent compared to the same period of 2016. Since 2016 Grazia has come under pressure at the kiosks with the magazine Olivia of Bauer Media Group.[29] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Media landscapes. Bulgaria|url=http://ejc.net/media_landscapes/bulgaria|work=European Journalism Center|accessdate=13 June 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.grazia-magazin.de/|title=Grazia Germany|accessdate=12 March 2010}} 3. ^{{cite web| url=https://dn.sapo.pt/2005/11/10/media/revista_grazia_chega_a_portugal_jane.html|title=Revista 'Grazia' chega a Portugal em Janeiro|author=Paula Brito|date=10 November 2005|work=Diário de Notícias|accessdate=21 September 2007}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.fashionweek.nl/en/downtown/support|work=Fashion Week|accessdate=9 May 2015}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|author1=David Forgacs|author2=Stephen Gundle|title=Mass Culture and Italian Society from Fascism to the Cold War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-rIZzodaZCYC&pg=PR7|accessdate=3 December 2014|year=2007|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-21948-5|page=7}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Arnoldo Mondadori Editore S.p.A. - Company Profile|url=http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/21/Arnoldo-Mondadori-Editore-S-p-A.html|work=Reference for Business|accessdate=31 December 2014}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Adam Arvidsson|title=Marketing Modernity: Italian Advertising from Fascism to Postmodernity|date=2003|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|page=23|url=https://www.questia.com/read/104246488/marketing-modernity-italian-advertising-from-fascism|accessdate=25 April 2015}}{{Subscription required|via=Questia}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite journal|author=Penelope Morris|title=A window on the private sphere: Advice columns, marriage, and the evolving family in 1950s Italy|journal=The Italianist|date=2007|volume=27|url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/5137/1/morris27window.pdf|accessdate=27 April 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Bruno Munari: art director, 1943-1944|url=http://www.domusweb.it/en/from-the-archive/2012/03/24/bruno-munari-art-director-1943-1944.html|work=Domus|accessdate=25 April 2015|date=24 March 2012}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=Time Inc in Joint Venture to Publish talian Fortune|url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1988/Time-Inc-in-Joint-Venture-To-Publish-Italian-Fortune/id-44dc57c4901f9715131c3be18f630ee5|accessdate=17 February 2015|work=Associated Press|date=7 November 1988}} 11. ^{{cite news|author=Eric Lyman|title=Italian publisher unveils magazine dedicated to Pope Francis|url=http://ncronline.org/blogs/francis-chronicles/italian-publisher-unveils-magazine-dedicated-pope-francis|accessdate=2 November 2014|work=National Catholic Reporter|date=5 March 2014|location=Rome}} 12. ^Grazia article sparks criticism from pet lovers Pet Gazette. Retrieved 8 July 2015 13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|title=10 Pure Italian Fashion Magazines You can’t Miss|url=http://www.studying.it/10-pure-italian-fashion-magazines-you-cant-miss/|work=Studying It|accessdate=18 June 2015|date=5 July 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Bulgaria|url=http://www.graziainternational.com/edition/bulgaria/|work=Grazia International|accessdate=13 June 2015}} 15. ^"Grazia gone as magazines slump", The Australian 16. ^{{cite news|author=Max Mason|title=New editor-in-chief of The Australian Women's Weekly named as Kim Wilson|url=http://www.smh.com.au/business/media-and-marketing/new-editorinchief-of-the-australian-womens-weekly-named-as-kim-wilson-20160210-gmq943.html|accessdate=18 February 2017|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=11 February 2016}} 17. ^{{cite web|author1=Chen Duo Icy|author2=Chen Jiaxi Viola|author3=Liu Wenman Nicole|author4=Wu Ge Mavis|title="Grazia China" Study Report|url=http://comd.hkbu.edu.hk/mm/mmgtproject/image/projects/2013_project/13_group3.pdf|work=Hong Kong Baptist University|accessdate=27 April 2015|date=May 2013}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=France|url=http://www.mondadori.com/Group/Magazines/France|work=Mondadori|accessdate=1 November 2014}} 19. ^{{cite news|author=So Hyoun An|title=The Three Gwanghaes Lee Byung Hun, Bae Soo Bin and Kim Do Hyun Pose for Grazia|url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=29793|accessdate=23 February 2013|work=enewsWorld|date=23 February 2013|agency=CJ E&M}} 20. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1151817|title=Mawra Hocane becomes the first cover girl for Grazia Pakistan|last=Desk|first=HIP|date=2017-02-07|work=HIP|access-date=2017-09-28|language=en-US}} 21. ^{{cite web|last1=Hein|first1=David|title=Klambt übernimmt Grazia komplett|url=http://www.horizont.net/medien/nachrichten/Von-GrunerJahr-Klambt-uebernimmt-Grazia-komplett--162485|website=horizont.net|accessdate=9 November 2017|date=8 November 2017}} 22. ^{{cite web|author=Maria Teresa Crisci|title=Relationships between numbers of readers per copy and the characteristics of magazines|url=http://www.pdrf.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/196.pdf|work=The Print and Digital Research Forum|accessdate=14 April 2015}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=News magazines|url=http://www.lombard-media.lu/pdf/IT/RCS_pres04.pdf|work=Lombard Media|accessdate=15 March 2015}} 24. ^{{cite web|author=Anne Austin et. al. |title=Western Europe Market and Media Fact |url=http://conan.lib.muohio.edu/ebooks/Western_Europe_Market_MediaFact_2008/Western%20Europe%20Market%20&%20MediaFact%202008.pdf |work=Zenith Optimedia |accessdate=10 April 2015 |date=2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205131709/http://conan.lib.muohio.edu/ebooks/Western_Europe_Market_MediaFact_2008/Western%20Europe%20Market%20%26%20MediaFact%202008.pdf |archivedate=5 February 2015 |df=dmy-all }} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Dati ADS (tirature e vendite)|url=http://www.fotografi.org/periodici_tirature.htm#SETTIMANALI|work=Fotografi|accessdate=26 April 2015|language=Italian|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424142426/http://www.fotografi.org/periodici_tirature.htm#SETTIMANALI|archivedate=24 April 2015|df=dmy-all}} 26. ^{{cite web|title=Top 10 Italian Fashion Magazines|url=http://uk.cision.com/Resources/Social-Media-Index/Top-UK-Social-Media/Top-10-UK-Fashion-Week/Top-10-Italian-Fashion-Magazines/|work=Cision|accessdate=2 November 2014|date=3 February 2011}} 27. ^{{cite news|author=Mayer Nissim|title=FHM, Heat, Zoo sales slump in Bauer Media magazine ABCs|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/media/news/a335830/fhm-heat-zoo-sales-slump-in-bauer-media-magazine-abcs.html#~pjX1XeUfHrJUkB|accessdate=30 July 2015|work=Digital Spy|date=18 August 2011}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=ABC Certificates and Reports: Grazia|url=http://www.abc.org.uk/Products-Services/Product-Page/?tid=13792|work=Audit Bureau of Circulations|accessdate=7 March 2014|quote=July to December 2013, combined print and digital editions.}} 29. ^{{cite web|last1=Hein|first1=David|title=Klambt übernimmt Grazia komplett|url=http://www.horizont.net/medien/nachrichten/Von-GrunerJahr-Klambt-uebernimmt-Grazia-komplett--162485|website=horizont.net|accessdate=9 November 2017|date=8 November 2017}} External links
16 : 1938 establishments in Italy|2005 establishments in the United Kingdom|2009 establishments in China|2009 establishments in France|2013 disestablishments in Australia|Bauer Group (UK)|British weekly magazines|British women's magazines|Chinese magazines|French women's magazines|Italian women's magazines|Italian-language magazines|Italian weekly magazines|Magazines established in 1938|Magazines published in Milan|Australian women's magazines |
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