词条 | Guam national football team | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| Name = Guam | Badge = Guam FA.gif | Nickname = Matao[1] | Association = Guam Football Association | Sub-confederation = EAFF (East Asia) | Confederation = AFC (Asia) | Coach = Karl Dodd | Captain = | Most caps = {{nowrap|Jason Cunliffe (40)}} | Top scorer = {{nowrap|Jason Cunliffe (12)}} | Home Stadium = Guam National Football Stadium | FIFA Trigramme = GUM | FIFA Rank = {{FIFA World Rankings|GUM|mdy=y}} | FIFA max = 146 | FIFA max date = August – September 2015 | FIFA min = 205 | FIFA min date = November 2004 – February 2005 | Elo Rank = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Guam|mdy=y}}} | Elo max = 197 | Elo max date = June 2015 | Elo min = 228 | Elo min date = March 2007 | pattern_la1=_guam16h | pattern_b1=_guam_16h | pattern_ra1=_guam16h | pattern_sh1=_ | pattern_so1= | leftarm1= | body1= | rightarm1= | shorts1=000049 | socks1=000049 | pattern_la2=_guam16a | pattern_b2= _guam16a | pattern_ra2=_guam16a | pattern_sh2=_ | pattern_so2=_ | leftarm2= | body2= | rightarm2= | shorts2=ffffff | socks2=ffffff | First game = {{fb|FIJ}} 12–0 Guam {{flagicon|GUM}} (Guam; August 24, 1975) | Largest win = {{fb|PLW}} 2–15 Guam {{flagicon|GUM}} (Koror, Palau; August 1, 1998) | Largest loss = {{fb|PRK}} 21–0 Guam {{flagicon|GUM}} (Taipei, Taiwan; March 11, 2005) | American = true }} The Guam national football team is the national association football team for the United States territory of Guam and is controlled by the Guam Football Association. They are affiliated with the Asian Football Confederation's East Asian Football Federation region. Guam reached its highest ever position in the FIFA World Ranking at 146 in 2015 after victories over Turkmenistan and India.[2] HistoryGuam's team was founded in 1975 and joined FIFA in 1996. It's one of FIFA's smallest Member Associations in population and size. It has competed in World Cup qualification on two occasions. However, Guam was eliminated in the first round of Asian qualification for the 2002 FIFA World Cup after losing against Iran and Tajikistan and was eliminated in the second round of qualification for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.[3] Recently, Guam has found success by winning the EAFF preliminary competition and qualifying for the semi-final round in 2012, 2013, and 2014. In 2016, Guam automatically qualified for the semifinal round based on its FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking. Guam finished third out of four teams in Group A of the 2014 Challenge Cup qualifiers, completing group play with a 3–0 victory over Chinese Taipei, a win over its regional rival for the first time in history. During November 2013's FIFA International games schedule, Guam beat Cambodia 2–0 and drew with Laos 1–1. Both these International fixtures were played away at the opponents' home national stadiums. On June 11, 2015, during the 2018 World Cup qualifiers of Group D, Guam clinched their first-ever World Cup Qualifier win beating Turkmenistan 1–0. The game was the first time Guam hosted a World Cup qualifier on their home soil. Just a few days later, Guam hosted their second World Cup qualifier to India and defeated them by a 2–1 scoreline. The win was notable considering India's FIFA rankings sits 33 spots ahead at No. 141, their population is in the billions and they were recently dubbed the 'sleeping giants of football' by FIFA.[4][5] Guam National Team Officials
On February 1, 2012, Gary White was appointed as head coach and also served as the federation's technical director.[6] The same year, Guam Football Association officially adopted the nickname Matao for the team, which refers to the highest social class in ancient Chamorro society.[7][8] National football teams in Guam also began using the Inifresi (Chamorro pledge) regularly before every training session and all matches.[9] Before 2012, the men's national team had only won twice against FIFA member nations - a 1-0 win against Mongolia in 2009 and a 2-0 win over American Samoa in 2011. In 2012, Guam defeated Macau-China twice - a 3-0 victory in that year's EAFF East Asian Cup Preliminary Round 1 tournament in Guam and another 3-0 victory in the 2012 Philippines Football Peace Cup in Manila. In Round 2 of the EAFF East Asian Cup Preliminary Round, Guam battled to a 1-1 draw with Chinese Taipei, marking the first point earned in the semifinal round of the regional tournament. In 2013, Guam finished third of four teams in Group A of the 2014 AFC Challenge Cup qualification, completing group play with a resounding 3–0 victory over Chinese Taipei, a win over the regional rival for the first time in history. Due to the success of the Matao, FIFA Futbol Mundial (April 2013 episode #137) and various other world media have featured the progress of the Guam national football team. On May 30, 2016, White was appointed as head coach of Shanghai Shenxin in the China League One.[10] With the EAFF E-1 Football Championship semifinal round set for November 2016, Guam acquired head coach Darren Sawatzky on an interim basis.[11] In late 2017, Guam Football Association announced the appointment of Australia's Karl Dodd as the new Matao Head Coach.[12] Since arriving in Guam in early 2018, Dodd has called prospective players into a training camp in California, where they played against San Diego State University's men's soccer team, as well as LA Galaxy II[13] Previous Coaches
PlayersCurrent squadThe following players were called up to for the 2017 EAFF E-1 Football Championship against Chinese Taipei national football team, the Hong Kong national football team and North Korea national football team. Caps and goals updated as of December 1, 2016. {{nat fs g start}}{{nat fs g player|no=1|pos=GK|name=Doug Herrick|age={{Birth date and age|1989|6|2}}|caps=26|goals=0|club=Rovers|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs g player|no=22|pos=GK|name=Dallas Jaye|age={{Birth date and age|1993|6|19}}|caps=6|goals=0|club=Greenville Triumph|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=18|pos=GK|name=Sean Evans|age={{Birth date and age|1999|7|10}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=Guam Shipyard|clubnat=GUM}}|- | |- style="background:#dfedfd;"{{nat fs g player|no=2|pos=DF|name=Alex Lee|age={{Birth date and age|1990|1|5}}|caps=9|goals=0|club=Unattached|clubnat=}}{{nat fs g player|no=5|pos=DF|name=Micah Paulino|age={{Birth date and age|1992|11|16}}|caps=26|goals=0|club=Guam Shipyard|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs g player|no=6|pos=DF|name=Mason Grimes|age={{Birth date and age|1992|10|21}}|caps=14|goals=0|club=Unattached|clubnat=}}{{nat fs g player|no=8|pos=DF|name=Justin Lee|age={{Birth date and age|1990|1|5}}|caps=10|goals=0|club=South Park|clubnat=ENG}}{{nat fs g player|no=14|pos=DF|name=Brandon McDonald|age={{Birth date and age|1986|1|16}}|caps=10|goals=1|club=Hà Nội FC|clubnat=VIE}}{{nat fs g player|no=20|pos=DF|name=A. J. DeLaGarza|age={{Birth date and age|1987|11|4}}|caps=12|goals=0|club=Houston Dynamo|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=25|pos=DF|name=Scott Leon Guerrero|age={{Birth date and age|1990|8|22}}|caps=21|goals=0|club=Quality Distributors|clubnat=GUM}} |- | |- style="background:#dfedfd;"{{nat fs g player|no=3|pos=MF|name=Jonahan Romero|age={{Birth date and age|1988|3|17}}|caps=26|goals=0|club=Rovers|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs g player|no=10|pos=MF|name=Jason Cunliffe (captain)|age={{Birth date and age|1983|10|23}}|caps=40|goals=15|club=Bank of Guam Strykers|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs g player|no=13|pos=MF|name=Ryan Guy|age={{Birth date and age|1985|9|5}}|caps=28|goals=3|club=SoCal Surf|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=17|pos=MF|name=Ian Mariano|age={{Birth date and age|1990|10|7}}|caps=31|goals=2|club=Rovers|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs g player|no=21|pos=MF|name=Marcus Lopez|age={{Birth date and age|1992|8|2}}|caps=20|goals=2|club=IDL FC|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs g player|no=28|pos=MF|name=Rin Katsumata|age={{Birth date and age|1997|7|3}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=Bank of Guam Strykers|clubnat=GUM}} |- | |- style="background:#dfedfd;"{{nat fs g player|no=9|pos=FW|name=Edward Na|age={{Birth date and age|1996|02|12}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=Tacoma Stars|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=12|pos=FW|name=Tye Perdido|age={{Birth date and age|1988|11|28}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=Unattached|clubnat=}}{{nat fs g player|no=16|pos=FW|name=Conner Cappelletti|age={{Birth date and age|1989|1|10}}|caps=3|goals=0|club=Unattached|clubnat=}}{{nat fs g player|no=23|pos=FW|name=Shane Malcolm|age={{Birth date and age|1991|10|13}}|caps=17|goals=2|club=Colorado Springs Switchbacks|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs end}} Recent call-upsThe following players have also been called up to the Guam squad within last 12 months. Retired players are not listed. {{nat fs g start}}|- style="background:#dfedfd;"{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=GK|name=Bijan Gloston|age={{Birth date and age|1993|1|11}}|caps=3|goals=0|club=Marshall Thundering Herd|clubnat=USA}} |- | |- style="background:#dfedfd;"{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=DF|name=Shawn Nicklaw|age={{Birth date and age|1989|4|15}}|caps=24|goals=1|club=FC Edmonton|clubnat=CAN}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=DF|name=Josh Borja|age={{Birth date and age|1990|8|1}}|caps=14|goals=5|club=SoCAL Elite|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=DF|name=Isiah Lagutang|age={{Birth date and age|1997|8|3}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=Bank of Guam Strykers|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=DF|name=Christian Schweizer|age={{Birth date and age|1995|1|6}}|caps=16|goals=0|club=University of Portland|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=DF|name=Jonathan Odell|age={{Birth date and age|1995|2|25}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=Guam Shipyard|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=DF|name=Gen Fudo|age={{Birth date and age|1995|12|10}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=Guam Shipyard|clubnat=GUM}} |- | |- style="background:#dfedfd;"{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=MF|name=Travis Nicklaw|age={{Birth date and age|1993|12|21}}|caps=21|goals=1|club=FC Tucson|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=MF|name=Jan-Willem Staman|age={{Birth date and age|1984|9|1}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=Rovers|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=MF|name=Dylan Naputi|age={{Birth date and age|1995|1|4}}|caps=29|goals=3|club=Ventura County Fusion|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=MF|name=Mark Chargualaf|age={{Birth date and age|1991|1|3}}|caps=23|goals=0|club=Guam Shipyard|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=MF|name=Marlon Evans|age={{Birth date and age|1997|8|3}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=North Greenville Crusaders|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=MF|name=Ian Adamos|age={{Birth date and age|1988|4|3}}|caps=14|goals=0|club=SoCAL Elite|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=MF|name=Thaddeus Atalig|age={{Birth date and age|1995|5|7}}|caps=8|goals=0|club=Bowling Green University|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=MF|name=Donovan Reyes|age={{Birth date and age|1996|4|20}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=Southern Cobras|clubnat=GUM}} |- | |- style="background:#dfedfd;"{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=FW|name=Min Sung Choi|age={{Birth date and age|1992|10|16}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=Bank of Guam Strykers|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=FW|name=John Matkin|age={{Birth date and age|1986|4|20}}|caps=17|goals=1|club=UiTM|clubnat=MAS}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=FW|name=Zachary DeVille|age={{Birth date and age|1993|3|23}}|caps=10|goals=2|club=San Diego Flash|clubnat=USA}}{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=FW|name=Michael Benito|age={{Birth date and age|1998|1|11}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=Bank of Guam Strykers|clubnat=GUM}}{{nat fs end}} Results and fixtures{{Main|Guam national football team results}}2018{{footballbox collapsible|round = 2019 EAFF E-1 Championship First preliminary round |date = September 2, 2018 |time = 13:00 UTC+8 |team1 = {{fb-rt|GUM}} |score = 4–0 |report = [https://eaff.com/competitions/eaff2019r1/report701.pdf Report] |team2 = {{fb|NMI}} |goals1 = Mendiola {{goal|13}} Lopez {{goal|26||68}} Cunliffe {{goal|65}} |goals2 = |location = Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |stadium = MFF Football Centre |attendance = 105 |referee = Gu Chunhan (China) |result = W }}{{footballbox collapsible |round = 2019 EAFF E-1 Championship First preliminary round |date = September 4, 2018 |time = 13:00 UTC+8 |team1 = {{fb-rt|MAC}} |score = 2–0 |report = [https://eaff.com/competitions/eaff2019r1/report705.pdf Report] |team2 = {{fb|GUM}} |goals1 = Lam Ka Seng {{goal|14}} Leong Ka Hang {{goal|78}} |goals2 = |location = Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |stadium = MFF Football Centre |attendance = 106 |referee = Kao Jung-fang (Chinese Taipei) |result = L }}{{footballbox collapsible |round = 2019 EAFF E-1 Championship First preliminary round |date = September 6, 2018 |time = 17:00 UTC+8 |team1 = {{fb-rt|MNG}} |score = 1–1 |report = [https://eaff.com/competitions/eaff2019r1/report710.pdf Report] |team2 = {{fb|GUM}} |goals1 = Tsedenbal {{goal|90+4}} |goals2 = Mendiola {{goal|90}} |location = Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |stadium = MFF Football Centre |attendance = 1,521 |referee = Kim Woo-sung (South Korea) |result = D }} RecordsGuam registered its first victory over a member of FIFA on March 11, 2009, 35 years after making its debut. They beat Mongolia, by a score of 1–0 in the 2010 East Asian Cup Preliminary Competition,[14] at home in Yona. Christopher Mendiola scored the only goal after 9 minutes. The second victory was a 2–0 against American Samoa on September 1, 2011, in Group A at the 2011 Pacific Games in Noumea, New Caledonia. Dylan Naputi and Elias Merfalen scored in the second half. Guam has beaten its nearest neighbor, the Northern Mariana Islands on four occasions from 2007 to 2009. Although a member of the East Asia Football Federation since 2006, the islands are not FIFA members. Recently they have recorded further victories over Chinese Taipei and Macau in International competition and were narrowly beaten 3-2 in Hong Kong against the host country in November 2016. 1975 South Pacific GamesAdditional information: 1975 South Pacific Games Guam first competed in football at the 1975 South Pacific Games which it hosted in August of that year. They lost their first ever game to Fiji and then lost to the Solomon Islands to finish at the bottom of Group 2. 1979 South Pacific GamesAdditional information: 1979 South Pacific Games Guam competed in South Pacific Games Football – 1979[15] in Fiji and was placed in Group 4 alongside New Caledonia and the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu). During the tournament, held in September 1979, Guam lost to New Caledonia and to the New Hebrides as both of the other teams advanced. 1991 South Pacific GamesAdditional information: 1991 South Pacific Games The 1991 South Pacific Games saw Guam's first matches since the 1979 tournament, twelve years previous. In Papua New Guinea, Guam were in Group 2 and lost their opener to Tahiti on September 9, 1991. On September 12 they lost to Fiji before losing to New Caledonia.[16] 1996 Asian CupAdditional information: 1996 AFC Asian Cup qualification In Guam's first Asian Cup qualification attempt at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Ryan Stepp at 15 years of age became the youngest player to score in Asian Cup qualification in a 9–2 loss to Chinese Taipei. 2002 World Cup QualificationAdditional information: 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification Guam entered World Cup qualification for the first time for the 2002 tournament which was jointly held in Japan and South Korea. They were put in Group B of the first qualifying round, against Iran (qualifiers in 1998) and Tajikistan. Each team played each other once in the Takhti Stadium in the city of Tabriz, Iran. 2006 AFC Challenge CupAdditional information: 2006 AFC Challenge Cup The first-ever 2006 AFC Challenge Cup was held in Bangladesh in April 2006. As a competition for Asia's weakest teams, there was no qualification scheme. Guam were put in Group C alongside the hosts, Palestine and Cambodia. Guam played their first game at the Bangabandhu National Stadium in Dhaka, on April 1, in front of 3,000 people and were defeated by Palestine, for whom Fahed Attal scored six times. Bangladesh then defeated Guam on April 3, with two late goals from Mohammed Abul. The match was watched by 18,000. Three days later 550 people watched Cambodia defeat Guam at the Bangladesh Army Stadium. 2013 EAFF East Asian CupAdditional information: 2013 EAFF East Asian Cup In 2012, the first round of preliminary competition was hosted by Guam. Guam finished first within the tournament advancing to Round 2 of preliminary competition. 2014 AFC Challenge CupAdditional information: 2014 AFC Challenge Cup qualification Guam finished third during the 2014 AFC Challenge Cup qualification and completed their group play with a resounding 3–0 victory over Chinese Taipei for the first time in history. 2015 EAFF East Asian CupAdditional information: 2015 EAFF East Asian Cup In 2014, the first round of preliminary competition was hosted by Guam. Guam finished first, advancing to the semifinal round for the third-straight time. 2018 World Cup QualificationAdditional information: 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification Guam entered the 2018 World Cup qualifiers in Group D. Guam hosted the qualifiers for the first time at the Guam Football Association National Training Center in Harmon, which was built with financial assistance from FIFA’s Goal Programme. During the qualifying round, Guam clinched their first FIFA World Cup qualifying win ever by defeating Turkmenistan. Just a few days later, Guam won their second FIFA World Cup qualifying match beating India. The win was notable considering India's FIFA ranking sits 33 spots ahead at No. 141, the size of India's population, and their reputation as they were recently dubbed "the sleeping giants" of football by FIFA.[4][5] Tournament record{{Main|Guam national football team results}}World Cup
AFC Asian Cup
East Asian Football Championship
AFC Challenge Cup
South Pacific Games
Micronesian Games
Philippine Peace Cup
References1. ^{{cite news |url=http://mvguam.com/sports/23944-guam-mens-national-soccer-team-now-known-as-matao.html |title=Guam men’s national soccer team now known as ‘Matao’ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317140849/http://mvguam.com/sports/23944-guam-mens-national-soccer-team-now-known-as-matao.html|author=Mike Nauta Jr. |work=Marianas Variety |location=Guam |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=March 17, 2014|accessdate=June 2, 2012 }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=gum/ranking/gender=m|title=FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking − Guam Men's Ranking|website=fifa.com|publisher=FIFA|date=August 6, 2015|accessdate=August 31, 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/world-match-centre/news/newsid/228/135/1/index.html|title=Ambitious Guam climbing high|website=fifa.com|date=February 21, 2014|publisher=FIFA}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/06/16/uk-soccer-world-asia-guam-idUKKBN0OW0VC20150616|title=Tiny Guam slay sleeping giants India in World Cup qualifier|website=uk.reuters.com|publisher=Reuters|date=June 16, 2015}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2015/m=6/news=white-it-was-a-historic-event-for-guam-2648294.html|title=White: It was a historic event for Guam|website=fifa.com|date=June 15, 2015|publisher=FIFA}} 6. ^{{Cite web| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20987248 |title=Guam coach Gary White wants to manage in Premier League |publisher=BBC Sport |date=January 11, 2013}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://pacificnewscenter.com/guam-natl-soccer-team-will-called-matao/|title=Guam Nat’l Soccer Team Will Called Matao. {{!}} PNC News First|last=Center|first=Pacific News|website=pacificnewscenter.com|language=en-US|access-date=April 26, 2018}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.guampedia.com/matao-and-acha%E2%80%99ot/|title=» Matao and Acha’ot|website=www.guampedia.com|language=en-US|access-date=April 26, 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://pacificnewscenter.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=30508:guam-coach-gary-white-wants-to-manage-in-premier-league&catid=38:sports-news&Itemid=152|title=BBC: Guam Matao Coach Gary White Wants to Manage in Premier League - PNC News First|first=Pacific News|last=Center|website=pacificnewscenter.com}} 10. ^[https://archive.is/20160531020745/http://www.shenxinfc.sh.cn/page/6/726.htm 关于盖瑞怀特(Gary White) 先生出任上海申鑫足球俱乐部主教练的公告] {{zh icon}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/2016/9/1/12751770/guam-national-team-sawatzky|title=Darren Sawatzky takes over Guam National Team|work=Sounder At Heart|access-date=April 26, 2018}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.guamfa.com/national-teams-mens-matao-tournaments/961-gfa-appoints-australia-s-dodd-as-matao-head-coach-beginning-2018|title=Guam Football Association - GFA appoints Australia's Dodd as Matao Head Coach beginning 2018|last=User|first=Super|website=www.guamfa.com|language=en-gb|access-date=April 26, 2018}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.guamsportsnetwork.com/2018/stateside-matao-camp-first-kind/|title=STATESIDE MATAO CAMP FIRST OF ITS KIND - GSPN - Guam Sports Network|date=April 6, 2018|work=GSPN - Guam Sports Network|access-date=April 26, 2018|language=en-US}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/uncategorized/guam-on-the-rise-writes-steve-menary|title=Guam on the rise|author=Steve Menary|work=World Soccer Magazine |date=September 11, 2009|accessdate=October 30, 2011}} 15. ^hif:South Pacific Games Football - 1979 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://rsssf.com/tablesg/guam-intres.html|title=Guam - List of International Matches|website=rsssf.com}} External links
6 : Guam national football team|Asian national association football teams|National sports teams of Guam|Football in Guam|1975 establishments in Guam|Sports clubs established in 1975
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。