| 词条 | HMS Africa (1781) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
American War of IndependenceDuring the American War of Independence, she was sent out to India in early 1782 as part of a squadron of five ships under Commodore Sir Richard Bickerton, arriving too late for the battles of that year. Africa never made it to America and remaining in India, taking part in the last battle of that war, at Cuddalore in 1783. She returned to England once news of the peace treaty arrived.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} Napoleonic WarsAfrica was present at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 under the command of Captain Henry Digby. Having been separated from the main British fleet before the battle, the Africa arrived from a different direction without knowing the battle plan that Horatio Nelson had devised. As the rest of the fleet engaged the combined Franco-Spanish fleet in a pell-mell battle, Digby sailed the Africa down the line of enemy ships in a parallel fashion, exchanging broadsides.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} Gunboat WarDuring the Gunboat War, Africa was under the command of Captain John Barrett.[2] On 15 October 1808, Africa was escorting a convoy of 137 merchant ships in the Baltic, with the assistance of the bomb vessel {{HMS|Thunder|1804|2}} and two gun-brigs. They left Karlskrona that day and on 20 October they anchored in the Øresund off Malmö. At noon a flotilla of Danish gunboats was seen moving towards the convoy and Africa sailed to intercept them.[3] The flotilla consisted of 25 gunboats and seven armed launches, mounting some 70 heavy cannons and with an overall total of some 1600 men.[3] It was under the command of Commodore J.C. Krieger.[4] At 1:30 the wind died and Africa was immobilized. By 2:50pm the gunboats had stationed themselves off Africa{{'}}s quarters, where few of her guns could fire, and opened fire. The battle continued until 6:45pm when with night closing in all firing ceased. Had daylight lasted another hour the Danes would probably have captured Africa.[3] As it was, she had lost 9 men killed and 51 wounded, including Barrett. She was so badly battered that she had to return to Karlskrona for refitting.[3] The convoy, however, managed to reach Britain. In 1810 George Frederick Ryves commanded the Africa, in the Baltic, from which he brought home a large convoy, notwithstanding the severity of the weather and the violence of the gales. John Houlton Marshall promoted to Commander on the ship at a ceremony held on 21 October 1810 to commemorate the Battle of Trafalgar. War of 1812Under the command of Captain John Bastard, Africa was part of Sir Philip Broke{{'}}s squadron that pursued, but ultimately failed to catch, the USS Constitution early in the War of 1812.[5] FateAfrica was broken up in May 1814 at Portsmouth.[1]Notes1. ^1 2 Lavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 181. 2. ^AFRICA in Not - der dänische Kanonenbootkrieg 1808 (German) 3. ^1 2 3 Allen (1852), Vol. 2, pp.251-2. 4. ^Royal Navy.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722002000/http://www.royal-navy.org/lib/index.php?title=C1808 |date=22 July 2011 }} 5. ^{{cite book | last = James | first = William | authorlink = William James (naval historian) | year = 2002 | origyear = 1827 | title = The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume VI, 1811–1827| pages = 92-93| location = London | publisher = Conway Maritime Press | isbn = 0-85177-910-7 }} References{{refbegin}}
5 : Ships of the line of the Royal Navy|Inflexible-class ships of the line|War of 1812 ships of the United Kingdom|Ships built in Deptford|1781 ships |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。