| 词条 | Intentional community |
| 释义 |
An intentional community is a planned residential community designed from the start to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork. The members of an intentional community typically hold a common social, political, religious, or spiritual vision and often follow an alternative lifestyle. They typically share responsibilities and resources. Intentional communities include collective households, cohousing communities, coliving, ecovillages, monasteries, communes, survivalist retreats, kibbutzim, ashrams, and housing cooperatives. New members of an intentional community are generally selected by the community's existing membership, rather than by real-estate agents or land owners (if the land is not owned collectively by the community). CharacteristicsPurposeThe purposes of intentional communities vary in different communities. They may include sharing resources, creating family-oriented neighborhoods, and living ecologically sustainable lifestyles, such as in ecovillages.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Types of communitiesSome communities are secular while others have a spiritual basis.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} One common practice, particularly in spiritual communities, is communal meals.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Typically, there is a focus on egalitarian values.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Other themes are voluntary simplicity, interpersonal growth, and self-sufficiency.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Some communities provide services to disadvantaged populations. These include, but are not limited to, war refugees, homeless people, or people with developmental disabilities.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Some communities operate learning and/or health centers.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Other communities, such as Castanea of Nashville, Tennessee, offer a safe neighborhood for those exiting rehab programs to live in.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Some communities also act as a mixed-income neighborhood to alleviate the damages of one demographic assigned to one area.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Many intentional communities attempt to alleviate social injustices that are being practiced within the area of residence.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Some intentional communities are also micronations, such as Freetown Christiania.[1] Types of membershipsMany communities have different types or levels of membership.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Typically, intentional communities have a selection process which starts with someone interested in the community coming for a visit. Often prospective community members are interviewed by a selection committee of the community or in some cases by everyone in the community. Many communities have a "provisional membership" period. After a visitor has been accepted, a new member is "provisional" until they have stayed for some period (often six months or a year) and then the community re-evaluates their membership. Generally, after the provisional member has been accepted, they become a full member. In many communities, the voting privileges or community benefits for provisional members are less than those for full members.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Christian intentional communities are usually composed of those wanting to emulate the practices of the earliest believers. Using the biblical book of Acts (and, often, the Sermon on the Mount) as a model, members of these communities strive for a practical working out of their individual faith in a corporate context.[2] These Christian intentional communities try to live out the teachings of the New Testament and practice lives of compassion and hospitality.[3] Communities such as the Simple Way, the Bruderhof[4] and Rutba House would fall into this category. These communities, despite strict membership criteria, are open to visitors and not reclusive in the way that certain intentional communities are.[5] A survey in the 1995 edition of the "Communities Directory", published by Fellowship for Intentional Community (FIC), reported that 54 percent of the communities choosing to list themselves were rural, 28 percent were urban, 10 percent had both rural and urban sites, and 8 percent did not specify.[6] Type of governanceThe most common form of governance in intentional communities is democratic (64 percent), with decisions made by some form of consensus decision-making or voting. A hierarchical or authoritarian structure governs 9 percent of communities, 11 percent are a combination of democratic and hierarchical structure, and 16 percent do not specify.[6] Many communities which were initially led by an individual or small group have changed in recent years to a more democratic form of governance.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} See also
References1. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.visitcopenhagen.com/copenhagen/culture/alternative-christiania|title=Experience colourful Christiania|work=Visitcopenhagen|access-date=2017-10-27|language=ln-int}} 2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.ic.org/directory/bruderhof/|title=Bruderhof - Fellowship for Intentional Community|work=Fellowship for Intentional Community|access-date=2017-11-11|language=en-US}} 3. ^Fellowship for Intentional Community. 1995. Communities Directory. 2nd Edition. Rutledge, Missouri, USA. {{ISBN|0-9602714-4-9}}. 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsmax.com/FastFeatures/bruderhof-christians-beliefs-set/2015/05/07/id/643320/|title=5 Beliefs That Set the Bruderhof Apart From Other Christians|work=Newsmax|access-date=2017-05-15}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://christlife.org/blog/learning-from-the-bruderhof-an-intentional-christian-community|title=Learning from the Bruderhof: An Intentional Christian Community|work=ChristLife|access-date=2017-10-27|language=en}} 6. ^1 Fellowship for Intentional Community. 2005. Communities Directory. 4th Edition. Rutledge, Missouri, USA. {{ISBN|0-9718264-2-0}}. Further reading
External links
4 : Intentional communities|Housing cooperatives|Types of communities|Intentional living |
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