| 词条 | Ireland's Eye |
| 释义 |
| name = Ireland's Eye | image_name = Ireland's Eye from Howth Harbour.jpg | image_caption = Ireland's Eye from Howth Harbour | map = Dublin | map_caption = | native_name = Inis Mac Neasáin | native_name_link = Irish language | nickname = | location = Irish Sea | coordinates = {{coord|53|24|19|N|6|03|49|W|dim:1400_region:IE_type:isle_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}} | archipelago = | area_km2 =0.22 | area_footnotes = | length_km = | length_footnotes = | width_km = | width_footnotes = | coastline_km = | highest_mount = | elevation_m = | elevation_footnotes = | country = Ireland | country_admin_divisions_title = Province | country_admin_divisions = Leinster | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = County | country_admin_divisions_1 = Dublin | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = | country_admin_divisions_2 =Ireland's Eye | country_capital_city = | country_largest_city = | country_largest_city_population = | country_leader_title = | country_leader_name = | population = 0 | population_as_of =2016 | density_km2 = | ethnic_groups = | additional_info = }} Ireland's Eye ({{lga|Inis Mac Neasáin}}[1]) is a small uninhabited island off the coast of County Dublin, Ireland, situated directly north of Howth Harbour. The island is easily reached by regular tourist boats. The island is currently part of the county of Fingal, for administrative purposes, but was at one time part of the city of Dublin. HistoryIn Celtic times the island was called Eria's Island. Eria was a woman's name and this became confused with Erin, derived from Éireann, the Irish name for Ireland. The Vikings substituted the word Island with ey, their Norse equivalent, and so it became known as Erin's Ey and ultimately Ireland's Eye. The island was also known formerly as Inis Faithlenn.[2][3] The island was the original site of the village's church, and also an early element of the Howth estate when the St. Lawrence family took over the area. The ruins of a Martello tower and an 8th-century church (the Church of the Three Sons of Nessan)[4] are the only signs of previous habitation. The church functioned as parish church for Howth until recent centuries, eventually being replaced by a church in the village due to the limitations of having to take a boat for every service. The Martello Tower, built in 1803, was one of three constructed in Howth on the instructions of the Duke of York to repel a possible invasion by Napoleon. Its window entrance, 5 metres above ground level, can be accessed by a rope that hangs down from the window. In September 1852 a woman named Sarah Maria Louisa Kirwan was killed on the island; her husband, artist William Burke Kirwan, was convicted of her murder.[5][6] Matthias McDonnell Bodkin claimed in Famous Irish Trials that no murder had taken place, instead that Sarah Kirwan had drowned accidentally as a result of a fit.[7] Structure and faunaIreland's Eye comprises the main island, a range of rocks and an islet called Thulla. The most spectacular feature is the huge freestanding rock called "the Stack", at the northeastern corner of the island. The island as a whole and especially the Stack, play host to a large variety of seabirds, including thousands of guillemots, razorbills, fulmars and gulls. Ireland's fifth gannet colony became established on the Stack in the 1980s, and there are now a few hundred pairs breeding there each year. There is a large cormorant colony on the main island, and a few breeding pairs of puffins. Grey seals are abundant in the sea around the island. TodayThe Eye is a townland in its own right, with a registered area of {{convert|21.5|ha|acre|abbr=off}}. Ireland's Eye is served by two small boat companies from Howth Harbour in the summer months, and some visitors access it with their own craft. Access to the island has never been restricted and there is no admission charge. {{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} Other tourist boat services navigate around the island, but do not dock. The island has long been established as a minor rock-climbing location.[8] About 28 routes have been recorded since the 1940s, though it is believed that climbers have operated on the island since the 1910s or before. Climbing does not take place during the seabird nesting season of April to July.[9][10] In June 2015 a large portion of Ireland's Eye was scorched by gorse fires.[11] Sources1. ^{{cite book |location=Dublin |date=2004 |publisher=Government Publications Office (for the Houses of the Oireachtas) |title=Statutory Instrument 900 of 2004, Inis Mac Neasain SPA Order}} 2. ^{{cite book |first=James Henthorn |last=Todd |title=Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib |date=1867 |page=lxxxiii}} 3. ^{{cite book |first=Edmund |last=Hogan |url=http://publish.ucc.ie/doi/locus |title=Onomasticon Goedelicum |date=1910 |publisher=Hodges Figgis |location=Dublin |accessdate=11 July 2018}} 4. ^{{cite book |last1 =O'Clery |first1=Michael |authorlink1=Michael O'Clery |first2=John |last2=O'Donovan |first3=James Henthorn |last3=Todd |first4=William |last4=Reeves |title=The Martyrology of Donegal: A Calendar of the Saints of Ireland |publisher=A. Thom |year=1864 |location=Baltimore |pages= 77 |url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=clR5GAXu0V8C}}; {{cite book |last=McHugh |first=Roland |title=Annotations to Finnegans Wake |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2006 |location=Baltimore |pages= 26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKulIy1QIhAC&pg=PA26&dq=%22Annotations+to+Finnegans+wake%22+nessan&ei=HbQ4SZGAOo_GlQS1jv25CA#PPA27,M1 |isbn=0-8018-8382-2}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.irelandoldnews.com/Cavan/1852/Kirwan.html |newspaper=Anglo-Celt |title=The Ireland Eye Case – Trial of Mr William Burke Kirwan |date=16 December 1852 |location=Cavan |accessdate=11 July 2018}} 6. ^{{cite news |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1853/01/15/75123762.pdf |newspaper=New York Times |title=The "Ireland's Eye" Murder |date=15 January 1853 |accessdate=11 July 2018}} 7. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.chaptersofdublin.com/books/General/eyemurder.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224123125/http://www.chaptersofdublin.com/books/General/eyemurder.htm |archivedate=24 February 2014 |title=Famous Irish Trials |accessdate=11 July 2018 |first=Matthias McDonnell |last=Bodkin}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.irishmountaineeringclub.org/imc-films-from-the-1950s-and-60s/|title=IMC films from the 1950s and 60s|author=Harold Johnson|publisher=Irish Mountaineering Club|date=1960s|accessdate=11 July 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://wiki.climbing.ie/index.php/Ireland's_Eye|title=Irish Climbing Online Wiki - Ireland's Eye|accessdate=11 July 2018}} 10. ^{{cite book|title=Bray Head and Minor Crags around Dublin |editor-first1=Joss |editor-last1=Lynam |editor-first2=Liam |editor-last2=Convery |publisher=Federation of Mountaineering Club of Ireland (now Mountaineering Ireland)|year=1978}} 11. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/irelande-eye-scorched-damage-fires-gorse-dangerous-illegal-2180606-Jun2015/ |title=Ireland’s Eye was badly scorched by raging gorse fires |newspaper=The Journal |date=25 June 2015 |accessdate=11 July 2018}}
External links{{wikivoyage|Ireland's Eye}}{{commonscat|Ireland's Eye}}
6 : Howth|Islands of County Dublin|Uninhabited islands of Ireland|Towers in the Republic of Ireland|Climbing areas of Ireland|Important Bird Areas of the Republic of Ireland |
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