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词条 Irish Naval Service
释义

  1. History

      Coastal and Marine Service    Marine and Coastwatching Service    Naval Service  

  2. Organisation

      Naval Headquarters    Naval Operations Command    Naval Support Command    Naval College    Specialist Units    Diving Section    Naval Intelligence Cell    Fishery Monitoring Centre  

  3. Roles and capabilities

      Irish territorial waters and EEZ   EU Navfor Med 

  4. Assets

      Current fleet    Other assets    Acquisitions and future    Decommissioned  

  5. Weapons

  6. Personnel and ranks

  7. See also

  8. Footnotes

  9. External links

{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name = Naval Service
An tSeirbhís Chabhlaigh
|image = Badge of the Irish Naval Service.svg
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Emblem of the Naval Service
| dates =
|country = {{flagu|Ireland}}
|branch =
|type =Navy
|role =Defence of the state and protection of its maritime resources
|current missions =EU Navfor Med
|size = 1,094 personnel
115 active Reservists (Establishment: 300)[1]
9 ships
|command_structure= Irish Defence Forces
|garrison = Haulbowline, County Cork, Ireland
|garrison_label=Naval base
|website = {{URL|http://www.military.ie/en/who-we-are/naval-service/}}
|nickname =
|patron =
|motto =
|colours =
|colors_label =
|march =
|mascot =
|equipment =
|equipment_label =
|battles =
|anniversaries =
|decorations =
|battle_honours =
|notable_commanders =
|identification_symbol =
|identification_symbol_label = Naval ensign
|identification_symbol_2 =
|identification_symbol_2_label = Naval jack
|start_date = 1 September 1946[2]
|current_commander = Commodore Mick Malone[3]
|current_commander_label = FOCNS
|ceremonial_chief =President Michael D. Higgins
|ceremonial_chief_label =Supreme Commander
|colonel_of_the_regiment =
|colonel_of_the_regiment_label =
}}

The Naval Service ({{lang-ga|an tSeirbhís Chabhlaigh}}) is the maritime component of the Defence Forces of Ireland and is one of the three branches of the Irish Defence Forces.[4] Its base is in Haulbowline, County Cork.

Though preceded by earlier maritime defence organisations, the Naval Service was formed in 1946.[5] Since the 1970s a major role of the Naval Service has been the provision of fisheries protection in Ireland's exclusive economic zone (EEZ).[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Other roles include sea patrol, surveillance, and smuggling prevention.[13] Occasionally the Service undertakes longer missions in support of other elements of the Defence Forces, Irish peacekeepers serving with the United Nations, or humanitarian and trade missions.[13]

From July 2017 the Naval Service is a participating in the European External Action Service mission which focuses a number of EU Navies on humanitarian and training roles in the Mediterranean. This mission entitled EU Navfor Med is the first time Ireland has taken part in a multi-role and multi-national naval operation.

Ships in the Irish Naval Service are designated Long Éireannach, which is abbreviated to LÉ. The {{ship|LÉ|Eithne|P31|6}} is the current flagship of the Naval Service.

History

{{main article|History of the Irish Naval Service}}

Coastal and Marine Service

The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 stipulated that the Irish Free State would be given responsibility to police its customs and fishing, while the United Kingdom would remain in control of Irish waters.

In 1923 the Coastal and Marine Service (CMS) was created, yet merely one year later it was disbanded.

During the Civil War, in August 1922, a ship belonging to the British & Irish Steam Packet Company, Lady Wicklow, led by Captain Patrick Ryan, was used to bring Irish National Army troops around the coast to Fenit, the port of Tralee in County Kerry.[14] This naval involvement technically preceded the foundation of the Irish state, as Ireland was still part of the UK at the time.[15] Built in 1890 in Dublin Dockyard, the ship measured {{convert|262|by|34|ft}}. In all 450 troops, including officers, were landed. Tralee was later captured from local republican forces.

{{ship|Irish patrol vessel|Muirchú||2}}, formerly the British armed steam yacht Helga,[16] which had been used by the Royal Navy to shell Dublin during the 1916 rising, was the only CMS ship during this period. The CMS ship Muirchu continued to patrol Irish fisheries. Muirchu was re-armed in 1936 and purchased by the Irish government on advice of members of the later named Maritime Institute of Ireland for fisheries protection.

In 1938 the United Kingdom handed over the three treaty ports (Cork Harbour, Bere Haven and Lough Swilly). Consequently, the Royal Navy withdrew from Cork Harbour in July 1938. Fort Rannoch was added to the Irish fleet at that time.

Marine and Coastwatching Service

In 1939 the Irish Government ordered two Motor Torpedo Boats (MTBs) from Vosper Thorneycroft.[17] When World War II began in September 1939 the Marine and Coastwatching Service was set up. In order for Ireland to remain neutral, it became clear that a full naval service would be required. The government consequentially ordered an additional 4 MTBs.[18][19] By the end of 1940 the Irish Marine and Coastwatching Service consisted of 6 MTB's and 4 other assorted craft.

During the War the Service protected fisheries, regulated merchant ships, and laid mines off Cork and Waterford.

In June 1940, an Irish Marine and Coastwatching Service Motor Torpedo Boat (MTB) returned to Haulbowline after making two separate trips to rescue allied soldiers during the Dunkirk evacuation.[20]

By 1941 the Marine and Coastwatching Service consisted of 10 craft (6 MTBs plus 4 assorted vessels) and about 300 all ranks. In 1942 the Service was renamed the Marine Service.

Naval Service

In September 1946, the Marine Service was formally disbanded and the Naval Service established as a permanent component of the Irish Defence Forces. The Naval Service purchased three {{sclass2-|Flower|corvette}}s from the United Kingdom in 1946 and 1947. The tradition of naming Irish Naval Ships after figures in Celtic Mythology began, and the ships were named {{ship|LÉ|Cliona|03|2}}, {{ship|LÉ|Maev|02|2}} and {{ship|LÉ|Macha|01|2}}. These three ships were to become a key part of the Naval Service in the 1950s and 1960s. The first formal training of Irish naval cadets took place at the Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, UK in 1947.[21] In 1970, Cliona and Macha were withdrawn from service and scrapped, leaving Maev as the sole ship in the Naval Service. Maev was withdrawn from service in 1972.[22] In 1971, the Naval Service commissioned three armed {{sclass2-|Ton|minesweeper}}s: Grainne, Banba and Fola.

In 1971 the Naval Service commissioned Verolme Cork Dockyard to build an offshore patrol ship. Named {{ship|LÉ|Deirdre|P20|6}}, it was the first naval vessel purpose-built in Ireland to patrol its waters. The Exclusive Economic Zone of Ireland was increased in 1976 from {{convert|12|mi}} to {{convert|200|mi}}s. The subsequent strain put on the Naval Service prompted funding from the European Economic Community to acquire five additional vessels, four of which were eventually built. Meanwhile, the former Irish Lights vessel Isolda was purchased to act as a training ship, bearing the pennant number A15 and renamed {{ship|LÉ|Setanta|A15}}. It served until being sold for scrap in 1984. A Danish stern trawler Helen Basse was also leased for a year, serving under the name LÉ Ferdia, pennant number A16.[23]

The 50th anniversary of the Naval Service took place in 1996. Celebrations included a fleet review by President Mary Robinson. In 1999, a new ship {{ship|LÉ|Róisin}} was delivered to the Naval Service, marking the beginning of a new class of larger patrol vessels followed by {{ship|LÉ|Niamh|P52|6}}, commissioned in September 2001 replacing LÉ Deirdre.

While most missions undertaken by the Naval Service are in Irish waters, on occasion longer missions are undertaken in support of Irish Peacekeepers serving with the United Nations, representing Ireland, or in support of Irish trade missions. In 2002, LÉ Niamh delivered supplies to Irish troops in Eritrea, then continued on a trade promotional tour to India, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Korea, and Japan, becoming the first Irish naval vessel to cross the Equator. In 2006 {{ship|LÉ|Eithne|P31|6}} travelled to Argentina, attending ceremonies connected with the 149th anniversary of the death of Irish-born Admiral William Brown, founder of the Argentine Navy, and also visited ports in Uruguay and Brazil. In 2010, Niamh travelled to the Americas, visiting Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico and the United States.

In 2010, two new ships were planned for the Naval Service. The first, {{ship|LÉ|Samuel Beckett|P61|6}}, was delivered in April 2014 replacing LÉ Emer, and the second, LÉ James Joyce, replaced LÉ Aoife in 2015. The option for a third, LÉ William Butler Yeats, was exercised in June 2014 and commissioned in October 2016.[24][25] The new ships displace over 1,900 tons, have a top speed of 23 knots, a range of 6,000 nautical miles. They are armed with an OTO Melara 76 mm/62, and have a longer deck area that can accommodate deep-sea search-and-rescue submarines and unmanned aircraft.[26]

In May 2015, it was announced that the Naval Service would deploy a ship to the Mediterranean to form part of the EU humanitarian response to the European migrant crisis.[27] The fleet flagship, Eithne, left Cork on 16 May 2015, led by Commander Pearse O'Donnell, for an eight-week deployment to the region, during which time the ship picked up a total of 3,377 people in the waters between Libya and Sicily.[28] In July, the mission was extended with the deployment of first, Niamh from July to September, and then Samuel Beckett from September until November.[29][30]

Organisation

Naval Headquarters

The Naval Service is headed up by Flag Officer Commanding the Naval Service (FOCNS) Commodore Michael Malone who is based at Naval Headquarters (NHQ) in Naval Base Haulbowline. NHQ oversees all aspects of the Naval Service, with a number of commands under it: Naval Operations Command (NOC) and Naval Support Command (NSC). The Naval College, like the DFTC is of an equal footing with the two commands, with all three headed up by an Officer Commanding who report directly to the FOCNS of NHQ. Commodore Malone is the first Marine Engineer to be appointed as FOCNS, his prior appointment was as Officer Commanding Naval Support Command (OCNSC).

Naval Operations Command

{{main article|Naval Operations Command (Ireland)}}

Naval Operations Command is the principal command component of the Irish Naval Service responsible for all day-to-day activities of the service, both at sea and on shore. One of three major command components of the NS this command is responsible for overseeing the work and mission objectives of all Irish naval vessels at sea who report directly to Naval Operations Command at Naval Base Haulbowline. The command is a direct subordinate to Naval Headquarters (NHQ) and is overseen by Officer Commanding Naval Operations Command (OCNOC). The OCNOC reports directly to the head of the Irish Naval Service, the FOCNS.

Naval Support Command

{{main article|Naval Support Command (Ireland)}}

Naval Support Command oversees the personnel, logistical and technical resources of the NS, allowing the service to meets its operational and training commitments. Ship procurement, maintenance, repair, provisions, ordnance, food, fuel, personnel and transportation are handled by Naval Support Command. Naval Support Command is headed by Officer Commanding Naval Support Command and reports directly to the FOCNS.

Naval College

{{main article|Naval College (Ireland)}}

The Naval College is the principal naval military college in Ireland providing training to cadets, NCO's and recruits of the Irish Naval Service. The Naval College trains and educates personnel for service, providing a mixture of different courses ranging from officer training right through to naval engineering. The Naval College is based out of the Naval Service's headquarters at Naval Base Haulbowline but also provides classes and lessons in non-military naval training at the nearby National Maritime College of Ireland (NCMI) in Ringaskiddy.[31]

The Naval College contains a number of schools providing specialist courses including the Officer Training School, the Military and Naval Operational Training School and the School of Naval Engineering. The Officer Commanding Naval College reports directly to the FOCNS.

Specialist Units

The Naval Service has a number of specialist units that handle unique and varied tasks within the service.

Diving Section

{{main article|Naval Service Diving Section}}

The Naval Service Diving Section (NSDS) (Irish: Rannóg Tumadóireachta na Seirbháse Cabhlaigh), formally part of NOC's Shore Operations section, is a specialist unit of the Irish Naval Service, a branch of the Defence Forces, the military of Ireland. The Naval Service Diving Section specialises in underwater diving tasks for the Naval Service, and since its formation in 1964 has become Ireland's most advanced diving team, aiding other state agencies in various specialist roles.[32]

Various mission roles of the Diving Section include search and recovery, underwater survey, Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) underwater engineering and military diving training. They have conducted combat diving training for Army Ranger Wing members after selecting combat diving as a speciality.[33]

Naval Intelligence Cell

The Naval Intelligence Cell, part of the NOC's Intelligence and Fisheries Section, is responsible for the collection, collation and dissemination of Naval Intelligence and is the naval component of the Defence Forces' Directorate of Military Intelligence.[34]

Fishery Monitoring Centre

The Fishery Monitoring Centre, part of the NOC's Intelligence and Fisheries Section, oversees the identification, monitoring and surveillance of fisheries vessels in Irish waters as part of the Vessel Monitoring System. The Fishery Monitoring Centre coordinates with fisheries agencies in other countries.[35]

Roles and capabilities

The Naval Service's military roles and the functions it carries out are those of a coast guard rather than that of a conventional Navy.[36] Lacking both anti-submarine and anti-aircraft capabilities, and without standoff weapons such as surface-to-surface missiles, the Naval Service's ability to control Ireland's territorial waters and provide close naval support is extremely limited.{{original research inline|date=April 2014}} Sea lift is also limited and ad hoc.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} The Naval Service's non-military capabilities in aid to the civil power and other Government departments is fishery protection, search and rescue, drugs interdiction and dive support.

Irish territorial waters and EEZ

Since the 1960s Ireland has seen its jurisdiction over the North Atlantic extend from {{convert|3|nmi|lk=in}} (pre-1967) to {{convert|12|nmi}} (pre-1990s). This was increased to {{convert|200|nmi}} again in 1994 when the introduction of the exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) gave approval to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This convention grants the state sovereign rights over the seabed, its subsoil and the water adjacent to the seabed within the 200 nautical mile limit.

Negotiations are taking place that could see the influence of coastal states extended beyond the 200 nautical miles of EEZs.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} Part VI of UNCLOS concerns a coastal state's continental shelf out to {{convert|350|nmi}} from the coastline. In 2007, Ireland became the first country to gain approval for the extension of its continental shelf, to the west of the island, and now has responsibility for an area of some {{convert|141,000|nmi2}} – an increase of 100 per cent.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}

Among the tasks mandated to the NSDS include the following;[32]

  • Search and Recovery
  • Underwater Survey
  • Explosive Ordnance Disposal
  • Underwater Engineering
  • Military Diving Training

EU Navfor Med

In July 2017 the Irish Government agreed to allowing the Naval Service to join other EU Member State Navies in Operation Sophia (the EU operation focused on refugee smuggling in the Mediterranean).[37] Since 2015 the Irish Navy has had bilateral agreement called Operation Pontus with the Italian Navy in regards to Mediterranean search and rescue operations.[38] In order for Ireland to join the mission it required the passing of the so-called triple lock system. This requires Cabinet, Dáil and UN approval.[39]

In its previous stance the Irish Navy was limited in its remit and sourcing of intelligence due to its lack of participation in EU Navfor Med. There was also a lack of force protection in the event of an attack on Irish vessels but this changed with the go-ahead for EU participation.[38]

Assets

Until 2014, all Naval Service vessels were named with traditional Irish female names, taken from history and Celtic mythology. However, the four newest in the fleet, LÉ Samuel Beckett (commissioned 17 May 2014), LÉ James Joyce (commissioned in September 2015), LÉ William Butler Yeats (commissioned 17 October 2016) and LÉ George Bernard Shaw (delivered 11 October 2018, not yet commissioned) take their names from Irish literary figures. The ship prefix LÉ stands for Long Éireannach, "Irish ship" in the Irish language.

Current fleet

{{Active Irish Naval Service Vessels}}

Other assets

The Naval Service also operates smaller training vessels and rigid-hulled inflatable boats.

Air assets to support naval patrols are provided by the Air Corps with their two CASA CN-235 maritime patrol aircraft and AW139 helicopters operated from Casement Aerodrome, Baldonnel, County Dublin.

In July 2015, the Irish Naval Service began using an Irish-based satellite communications system for its fleet, with new sat. comms. equipment installed on all vessels. The Irish National Space Centre (NSC) at Elfordstown, Midleton, County Cork and County Wicklow based company Voyager IP will provide the contract.[40]

Acquisitions and future

In October 2010 contracts were signed for two new "Offshore Patrol Vessels" (OPVs). The contract provided an option for a 3rd vessel - which was later taken-up. A 4th vessel in the same class was ordered in June 2016. Constructed by Babcock Marine in the UK to VARD Marine's PV90 design, the first ship, Samuel Beckett, was delivered in May 2014. The second ship, James Joyce, was delivered in 2015.[41] The third, William Butler Yeats, was floated out in March 2016 and delivered later that summer.[24] A fourth, to be named George Bernard Shaw,[42] was ordered for delivery by 2018 and arrived at Haulbowline Naval base in Cork Harbour during October 2018. These Samuel Beckett-class OPVs replace the older vessel classes, such as the Emer class.

A number of these purchases were informed by a Whitepaper on Defence which expected acquisition of three new naval vessels over 10 years from 2015 to 2025,[43] As well as the acquired and ordered OPVs, the whitepaper covered a multi-role vessel (MRV) - which would be potentially enabled for helicopter operations and have a freight carrying capacity - to replace the flagship LÉ Eithne.[43] In 2017, a delegation of DoD officials and members of the Defence Forces visited New Zealand to inspect the Royal New Zealand Navy's Multi-Role Vessel {{HMNZS|Canterbury|L421|6}}; it was suggested that a vessel of this type, capable of accommodating and deploying a full infantry company either by landing craft or helicopter, and with a fully equipped hospital, was what the Defence Forces were looking for, for the type of military and humanitarian missions undertaken by Ireland.[44] Plans expect that LÉ Ciara and LÉ Orla be replaced with similar vessels[43] but with counter-mine and counter-IED capabilities.[45]

Decommissioned

The following vessels have served in the Service's fleet:[46]

  • {{ship|LÉ|Macha|01}} (1946–1970)
  • {{ship|LÉ|Maev|02}} (1946–1972)
  • {{ship|LÉ|Cliona|03}} (1947–1970)
  • {{ship|LÉ|Grainne|CM10}} (1971–1987)
  • {{ship|LÉ|Banba|CM11}} (1971–1984)
  • {{ship|LÉ|Fola|CM12}} (1971–1987)
  • {{ship|LÉ|Deirdre|P20}} (1972–2001)
  • {{ship|LÉ|Setanta|A15}} (1976–1984)
  • {{ship|LÉ|Ferdia|A16}} (1977–1978)
  • {{ship|LÉ|Emer|P21}} (1978–2013)
  • {{ship|LÉ|Aoife|P22}} (1979–2015)
  • {{ship|LÉ|Aisling|P23}} (1980–2016)

Weapons

NameOriginTypeCaliberPhotoNotes
Assault Rifle
Steyr AUG {{AUT}} Assault Rifle 5.56×45mm The Steyr AUG is the Defence Force's standard service rifle entering service in 1989.
Pistol
Heckler & Koch USP {{GER}} Semi-automatic Pistol 9×19mm Service pistol.[47]
Battle Rifle
FN FAL {{BEL}} Battle Rifle 7.62×51mm Only used for line throwing.
Machine gun
FN MAG {{BEL}} Machine gun 7.62×51mm Fitted onboard Naval Service ships for close range weapons support and anti-air point defence. Also can be mounted on RHIB's.
M2 Browning .5 Heavy Machine Gun (HMG) {{BEL}} Machine gun 12.7×99mm (.50) Fitted onboard Naval Service ships for close range weapons support and anti-air point defence.
Autocannon
Rheinmetall Rh 202 {{GER}} Autocannon 20×139mm Fitted onboard all Naval Service ships for close range weapons support and anti-air point defence.
Bofors 57 mm L/70 {{SWE}} Autocannon 57×438mmLÉ|Eithne}}.
Naval Gun
OTO Melara 76 mm {{ITA}} Autocannon 76×900mmRLÉ|Orla}}, {{ship|LÉ|Ciara}}, {{ship|LÉ|Róisín}}, {{ship|LÉ|Niamh}}, {{ship|LÉ|Samuel Beckett}}, {{ship|LÉ|James Joyce}}, and LÉ William Butler Yeats.

Personnel and ranks

{{main article|Irish Defence Forces rank insignia}}

As of May 2016, there are 1,094 personnel of all ranks in the Naval Service,[1] plus approximately 150 in the Naval Service Reserve.[48] The Naval Service is headed by a General Officer Commanding (GOC) known as the Flag Officer Commanding the Naval Service (FOCNS), who holds the rank of Commodore.[49] Non-Military training takes place alongside Mercantile Marine Personnel at the National Maritime College of Ireland in Ringaskiddy, near to the Haulbowline base.[50]

{{Irish Naval Service rank insignia}}

See also

  • Irish Coast Guard
  • Marine Institute Ireland
  • List of Irish state vessels
  • List of navies

Footnotes

1. ^1 {{cite web|url= http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/DebatesWebPack.nsf/takes/dail2016062100036?opendocument&highlight=733%207,310%201,094 |publisher= Dáil Éireann Hansard | title= Defence Forces Strength (Dáil Éireann Debate - Tuesday, 21 June 2016 - Vol. 914 No. 1) |date=21 June 2016 |accessdate=26 July 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.military.ie/index.htm |title=The Defence Forces |publisher=Irish Defence Forces |date= |accessdate=2014-04-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414014629/http://www.military.ie/index.htm |archivedate=14 April 2010 |df= }}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Info Centre > General Staff > Brigade Commanders > FOC Naval Service|url=http://www.military.ie/en/info-centre/general-staff/brigade-commanders/foc-naval-service/|publisher=Defence Forces Ireland|accessdate=2018-01-25}}
4. ^The Irish Defence Forces are made up of the Permanent Defence Forces (PDF) – the standing branches – and the Reserve Defence Forces (RDF). The Naval Service is part of the PDF.
5. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.military.ie/naval-service/history/ |title= History of the Naval Service |publisher= Official Defence Forces website |accessdate= 7 May 2014}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.military.ie/naval-service/organisation/specialist-units/fisheries-monitoring-centre/ |title= Roles of the Naval Service - Fisheries Monitoring Centre |publisher= Official Defence Forces website |accessdate= 7 May 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.military.ie/naval-service/history/ |title= Military.ie - Naval Service - History |publisher=Official Defence Forces website |accessdate=28 July 2014 |quote=(1999-2001) "Fishery Protection played an important role in the Service's day-to-day operations" (2002-present) ".. addition to the Naval Service's increasing fishery protection output ..}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.merrionstreet.ie/index.php/2014/05/naming-and-commissioning-ceremonies-for-new-naval-service-vessel-le-samuel-beckett/?cat=4774 |title= Press Release - Naming and Commissioning Ceremonies for new Naval Service Vessel LÉ Samuel Beckett |date=17 May 2014 |publisher=MerrionStreet.ie Irish Government News Service |accessdate=28 July 2014 |quote=The [newsest fleet addition] will be used mainly for fishery protection patrols }}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/WP_sub113 |title=Submission on Defence Green Paper: Towards an Efficient and Effective Fisheries Protection Partnership |publisher=The Sea-Fisheries Protection Authority |date=2013 |accessdate=16 June 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.inshore-ireland.com/News/the-naval-service.html |title=The Naval Service |website=inshore-Ireland.com |date=19 February 2008 |accessdate=16 June 2016}}
11. ^{{cite magazine |url= http://raco.ie/attachments/079_2_2_castingnet.pdf |title=Casting the Net |work=Signal |issue=Spring 2004 |accessdate=16 June 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/18526/# |title=[Oireachtas] Defence Forces operations [39967/12]. (20 Sep 2012) |publisher=HRB National Drugs Library |date=20 September 2012 |accessdate=16 June 2016}}
13. ^1 {{cite web| url= http://www.military.ie/naval-service/organisation/roles-of-the-naval-service/ |title= Roles of the Naval Service |publisher= Official Defence Forces website |accessdate= 7 May 2014}}
14. ^{{cite web|last1=Bourke|first1=Dr Edward|title=Early Irish Free State Naval Activity|url=http://lugnad.ie/free-state-navy/|website=lugnad.ie|accessdate=6 October 2015}}
15. ^Articles of Agreement between Great Britain and Ireland, 6 December 1921 (Irish Free State established pursuant thereto on 6 December 1922)
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mii.connect.ie/history/mii/mii.html |title=History of the Maritime Institute of Ireland – Page 2 |accessdate=1 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528085144/http://www.mii.connect.ie/history/mii/mii.html |archivedate=28 May 2009 |df= }}
17. ^{{cite web|url = http://coastmonkey.ie/irish-torpedo-boats-in-the-1940s/ | title = Irish torpedo boats in the 1940s | publisher =Coast Monkey Media | accessdate = 6 December 2017 | date = 29 August 2017 }}
18. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.mariner.ie/irish-naval-service-the-birth/ | title = Irish Naval Service – The Birth | publisher = National Maritime Museum of Ireland | accessdate = 6 December 2017 }}
19. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cTYVDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=Motor+Torpedo+Boats+1939+ireland | title = The Irish Defence Forces since 1922 | date = 2012 | isbn = 9781780963938 | publisher = Bloomsbury | author = Donal MacCarron | page = 19 | quote = [The] Marine Service in 1939 bought six Vosper motor torpedo boats}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.pressreader.com/ireland/the-irish-mail-on-sunday/20170716/282239485673782|title=Irish Navy sailors and Dunkirk|work=the Irish Mail on Sunday|accessdate=16 July 2017}}
21. ^{{cite book|last1=MacCarron|first1=Donal|title=The Irish Defence Forces since 1922|date=2004|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=9781841767420|page=36}}
22. ^RTÉ documentary: "The Navy"
23. ^"Ships – history" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126085948/http://military.ie/naval/history/ships/index.htm |date=26 November 2010 }}, Irish Defence Forces website
24. ^1 {{cite news|url= http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/government-to-purchase-third-new-naval-service-ship-1.1826192 |title= Government to purchase third new Naval Service ship |publisher=Irish Times | date= 9 June 2014}}
25. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.rte.ie/news/2016/1017/824698-le-william-butler-yeats/ | publisher = RTÉ | date= 17 October 2016 | title= LÉ William Butler Yeats formally enters service }}
26. ^{{cite news|author=Sean O'Riordan |url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/navy-ships-to-carry-deep-sea-robot-subs-194909.html |title=Navy ships to carry deep sea robot subs |publisher=Irish Examiner |date=2012-05-24 |accessdate=2014-04-24}}
27. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/taoiseach-sends-off-le-eithne-crew-leaving-for-mediterranean-1.2215471|title=Taoiseach sends off LE Eithne crew leaving for Mediterranean |work=Irish Times|accessdate=5 June 2015}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/Release+ID/703F84D5FB464A6380257E850034C23A?OpenDocument |title=Minister for Defence, Simon Coveney, T.D. welcomes the return of the L.É. Eithne and the arrival of L.É. James Joyce to Cork |author= |date=17 July 2015 |website=defence.ie |publisher=Department of Defence |access-date=28 October 2015 |quote=}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/Release+ID/369269AACFB17B6380257E81002CF281?OpenDocument |title=Naval vessel L.É. Niamh departs Cork to assist in the Humanitarian Crisis in the Mediterranean |author= |date=10 July 2015 |website=defence.ie |publisher=Department of Defence |access-date=28 October 2015 |quote=}}
30. ^{{cite web |title=Naval vessel L.É. Samuel Beckett departs Cork to assist in the Humanitarian Crisis in the Mediterranean |url=http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/Release+ID/EEC6B0EBBDB9BC4480257ECA0030EED2?OpenDocument|author= |date=24 September 2015 |website=defence.ie |publisher=Department of Defence |access-date=28 October 2015 |quote=}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nmci.ie/index.cfm/page/ins |publisher= National Maritime College of Ireland |title= Irish Naval Service Course Details|accessdate=2017-01-02}}
32. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.military.ie/naval/specialists/divers/index.htm|title=Naval Service Specialists – Diving Section|year=2009|accessdate=1 October 2009|publisher=Irish Naval Service|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909073152/http://www.military.ie/naval/specialists/divers/index.htm|archivedate=9 September 2009|df=dmy-all}}
33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.specialoperations.com/Foreign/Ireland/Rangers/Combat_Diving.htm |title=Special Operations' Irish Army Rangers Combat Diving Page |accessdate=1 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228002848/http://www.specialoperations.com/Foreign/Ireland/Rangers/Combat_Diving.htm |archivedate=28 December 2008 |df= }}
34. ^{{cite web|title=Naval Operations Command|url=http://www.military.ie/naval-service/organisation/naval-operations-command/|accessdate=2017-01-02|publisher=Irish Defence Forces}}
35. ^{{cite web|title=Fisheries Monitoring Centre|url=http://www.military.ie/en/naval-service/organisation/specialist-units/fisheries-monitoring-centre/|accessdate=2017-01-01|publisher=Irish Defence Forces}}
36. ^MacCarron (2004), p.37
37. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/concern-as-cabinet-approves-irish-navy-role-in-eu-military-operation-1.3151383 | publisher = Irish Times | website = irishtimes.com | title = Concern as Cabinet approves Irish Navy role in EU military operation | date = 11 July 2017 | accessdate = 2 November 2018 }}
38. ^1 {{cite web|url = https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/irish-navy-to-join-eu-migrant-search-and-rescue-operation-1.3148771 | publisher = Irish Times | website = irishtimes.com | title = Irish Navy to join EU migrant search-and-rescue operation | date = 10 July 2017 | accessdate = 2 November 2018 }}
39. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.defence.ie/en/press/press-releases/minister-kehoe-secures-dail-approval-deployment-defence-forces-eu-naval | publisher = Department of Defence | website = defence.ie | title = Press Release - Minister Kehoe Secures Dáil Approval For Deployment Of Defence Forces To Eu Naval Mission, Operation Sophia | date = 13 July 2017 | accessdate = 2 November 2018 }}
40. ^{{cite news|last1=O’Riordan|first1=Sean|title=Irish firms to man Navy system|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/irish-firms-to-man-navy-system-341713.html|accessdate=10 July 2015|publisher=Irish Examiner|date=10 July 2015}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ihs.com/events/exhibitions/dsei-2013/news/day-4/Irish-OPV-build-makes-progress.aspx|title=Irish OPV build makes progress|publisher=ihs.com|date=|accessdate=8 October 2013}}
42. ^{{Cite news|url=http://afloat.ie/port-news/navy/item/35121-fourth-irish-naval-service-vessel-to-be-named-george-bernard-shaw|title=Fourth Irish Naval Service Vessel To Be Named 'George Bernard Shaw'|publisher=Afloat Sailing and Boating Magazine|access-date=1 March 2017|language=en-gb}}
43. ^1 2 {{cite news| url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/fund-defence-tzo-prevent-terror-attacks-says-simon-coveney-350477.html |publisher= Irish Examiner |title= ‘Fund Defence to prevent terror attacks’ says Simon Coveney |date= 27 August 2015}}
44. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/navy-considers-200m-multi-role-ship-460791.html |title=Navy considers €200m multi-role ship |last=O'Riordan |first=Sean |website=Irish Examiner |publisher= |date=12 October 2017 |access-date=1 November 2017 |quote=}}
45. ^{{Cite report |date=August 2015 |title=White Paper on Defence 2015 |url=http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/WP2015E |publisher=Department of Defence (Ireland) |page=68 |accessdate=29 August 2015 }}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.military.ie/naval-service/history/fleet-history |title=History; Naval Service |publisher=Irish Defence Forces |date= |accessdate=2014-04-24}}
47. ^{{cite news|author=Don Lavery – 02 September 2006 |url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/defence-forces-to-turn-tomb-raiders-26363067.html |title=Defence Forces to turn 'tomb raiders' |publisher=Independent.ie |date=2006-09-02 |accessdate=2013-04-29}}
48. ^{{cite web|url= http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail2016011300092?opendocument#WRFF02150 | publisher=Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas (Hansard) | title=Written Replies Nos. 437 to 450 - Defence Forces Reserve | date= 13 January 2016 }}
49. ^{{cite web|title=Naval Service > Organisation|url=http://www.military.ie/naval-service/organisation/|publisher=Defence Forces Ireland|accessdate=12 July 2015}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nmci.ie/index.cfm/page/historyofnauticaltraininginire |title=History of Nautical Training in Ireland |publisher=National Maritime College of Ireland |date= |accessdate=2014-04-24}}

External links

{{commons category|Irish Naval Service}}
  • Official Defence Forces website
  • Official Naval Service website
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090528085144/http://www.mii.connect.ie/history/mii/mii.html Maritime Institute of Ireland – History]
{{Irish Naval Service |state=expanded}}{{Irish Defence Forces}}{{Navies in Europe}}

2 : Naval Service (Ireland)|Military of the Republic of Ireland
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